Abstract

VIZCAINO, Ricnia et al. Urinary tract infection: Ambulatory management. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2011, vol.74, n.1, pp.29-33. ISSN 0004-0649.

The trend of treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections (ITU) in children older than 3 months old is ambulatory. Early initiation of treatment is essential in order to minimize the risk of complications. It is necessary to perform precise indications in terms of home follow-up. The criteria for ambulatory management are: children older than 3 months of age without toxicity, absence of signs of sepsis and dehydration, immunocompetence, oral tolerance to medicine and food and the guarantee of treatment compliance. General rules should be established such as: adequate hydration, analgesics, perineal hygiene and management of constipation. Treatment with antibiotics is based on age and local resistance patterns. Patients older than 3 months with cystitis, may be treated with: cefixime, ceftibuten, cefuroxime acetyl, amoxicillin clavulanic acid or nitrofurantoin. In patients with pyelonephritis: parenteral ceftriaxone, amikacin or gentamicin. Also oral cefixime ceftibuten, or ciprofloxacin. Prophylaxis is controversial, however nitrofurantoin or cefadroxil coul be prescribed prior to cystography, in children with recurrent ITU or III-V degree reflux. A single dose of amoxicillinacid clavulanic (or equivalent antibiotic) 60 minutes previous to cystography in patients who is not on prophylaxis could be appropriated.

Keywords : Urinary tract infection; ambulatory management; antibiotic therapy.