<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0001-6365</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Odontológica Venezolana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta odontol. venez]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0001-6365</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Odontología -UCV]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0001-63652001000100012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Paralisis de Bell: Parálisis Facial Idiopática]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González H]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UCV Extension y Docencia Catedra de Anatomia Humana]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>66</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0001-63652001000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0001-63652001000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0001-63652001000100012&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[La Parálisis de Bell, es una enfermedad benigna de la porción infratemporal del nervio facial, que consiste en la pérdida temporal de la función contráctil de la musculatura mímica de la cara, de causa desconocida, pero puede ser secundaria a un traumatismo, compresión o tumor. Este es un proceso autolimitante que no amenaza la vida del paciente y generalmente desaparece en un plazo de 1 a 3 semanas. Su rango de incidencia es de 23 por cada 100.000 personas por año. Esta alteración no tiene diferencia por sexo, en últimos estudios hay una incidencia entre los 20 y 35 años de edad, siendo mas frecuente en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos que en la población normal. Se presenta indiferentemente en cualquiera de los lados de la cara y solo el 1 % en ambos lados simultáneamente. Se caracteriza por presentar el fenómeno de Bell, (Figura 1) (signo de parálisis facial periférica que se manifiesta por el movimiento ocular hacia arriba y afuera del globo acular, cuando el enfermo intenta cerrar el párpado), dolor facial o retroarticular, diagusia, hiperacusia y disminución del lagrimeo. 1, 2, 3.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The paralysis of Bell, is an bening illness of the portion infratemporal of the facial nerve that consists on the temporary loss of the contractile function of the mimic musculature of the face, of unknown cause , but it can be secondary to a traumatism, compression or tumor. This is a process autolimitante that she/he doesn´t threatren the life of the parient one and it generally disappears in a term from 1 to 3 weeks. Their range of incidence is of 23 for each 100.000 people per year. This alteration doesn´t have difference for sex, in last studies there is an incidence between the 20 and 35 years of age, being but it frecuents in diabetics patients and hipertensos that in the normal population. It is presented nonchalantly in anyone of the sides of the face and alone 1% in both sides simultaneously. It is characterized to present the phenomenon of Bell(Figura 1) (sign of outlying facial paralysis that one manifests for the ocular movement up and away from the ocular globe, when the sick person tries to close the lid), facial pain or retroarticular, diagusia, hiperagusia and decreaase of the shed I shed tears. 1, 2, 3.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nervio Facial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Parálisis de BELL]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nerve Facial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paralysis of BELL]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <DIR>  <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">PARALISIS DE BELL</B>. Par&aacute;lisis Facial Idiop&aacute;tica</P> <B></DIR>      <P ALIGN="left">Jos&eacute; Mar&iacute;a Gonz&aacute;lez H</B>, Profesor Agregado de la C&aacute;tedra de Anatom&iacute;a Humana de la Universidad Central de Venezuela. Cirujano Bucal. Director de Extensi&oacute;n y Docencia Servicio U.C.V. </P> <B>      <P ALIGN="left">Mar&iacute;a Molina</B>, Odont&oacute;logo </P>  <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Marisabel Cedillo</B>, Odont&oacute;logo </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Antonieta Sakkal, </B>Odont&oacute;logo</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Dayana Hernandez, </B>Odont&oacute;logo</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Josune Ruggeri</B>, Bachiller </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Thamara Vegas</B>, Bachiller; </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">&#9;Roberto Sakka</B>l, Bachiller</P> <B>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="left">RESUMEN</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">La Par&aacute;lisis de Bell, es una enfermedad benigna de la porci&oacute;n infratemporal del nervio facial, que consiste en la p&eacute;rdida temporal de la funci&oacute;n contr&aacute;ctil de la musculatura m&iacute;mica de la cara, de causa desconocida, pero puede ser secundaria a un traumatismo, compresi&oacute;n o tumor. Este es un proceso autolimitante que no amenaza la vida del paciente y generalmente desaparece en un plazo de 1 a 3 semanas.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Su rango de incidencia es de 23 por cada 100.000 personas por a&ntilde;o. Esta alteraci&oacute;n no tiene diferencia por sexo, en &uacute;ltimos estudios hay una incidencia entre los 20 y 35 a&ntilde;os de edad, siendo mas frecuente en pacientes diab&eacute;ticos e hipertensos que en la poblaci&oacute;n normal. Se presenta indiferentemente en cualquiera de los lados de la cara y solo el 1 % en ambos lados simult&aacute;neamente.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Se caracteriza por presentar el fen&oacute;meno de Bell, (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>) (signo de par&aacute;lisis facial perif&eacute;rica que se manifiesta por el movimiento ocular hacia arriba y afuera del globo acular, cuando el enfermo intenta cerrar el p&aacute;rpado), dolor facial o retroarticular, diagusia, hiperacusia y disminuci&oacute;n del lagrimeo. <SUP>1, 2, 3.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="justify">Palabras Claves</B>: Nervio Facial, Par&aacute;lisis de BELL</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="justify">ABSTRACT:</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">The paralysis of Bell, is an bening illness of the portion infratemporal of the facial nerve that consists on the temporary loss of the contractile function of the mimic musculature of the face, of unknown cause , but it can be secondary to a traumatism, compression or tumor. This is a process autolimitante that she/he doesn´t threatren the life of the parient one and it generally disappears in a term from 1 to 3 weeks.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Their range of incidence is of 23 for each 100.000 people per year. This alteration doesn´t have difference for sex, in last studies there is an incidence between the 20 and 35 years of age, being but it frecuents in diabetics patients and hipertensos that in the normal population. It is presented nonchalantly in anyone of the sides of the face and alone 1% in both sides simultaneously.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">It is characterized to present the phenomenon of Bell (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>) (sign of outlying facial paralysis that one manifests for the ocular movement up and away from the ocular globe, when the sick person tries to close the lid), facial pain or retroarticular, diagusia, hiperagusia and decreaase of the shed I shed tears<SUP>. 1, 2, 3.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="left">Key Words</B>: Nerve Facial,Paralysis of BELL</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="left"><font size="3">Recibido: 05/06/2000 Aceptado para publicaci&oacute;n: 11/07/2000</font></P> <B> <a name="fig1"></a>     <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img1.gif" width="236" height="348" align="center">     
<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 1</B>: Aspecto cl&iacute;nico de la par&aacute;lisis facial<B> </P>     <P ALIGN="left">NEUROANATOM&Iacute;A</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">El nervio facial es de funci&oacute;n mixta simult&aacute;neamente aferente y eferente.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Presenta fibras motoras que rigen la movilidad de los m&uacute;sculos cut&aacute;neos de la cara, cut&aacute;neo del cuello, estilohioideo, vientre anterior del dig&aacute;strico y m&uacute;sculo del estribo.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Presenta fibras eferentes secretoras para dirigir la secreci&oacute;n de las gl&aacute;ndulas salivales (Submaxilaris y Sublingualis), las gl&aacute;ndulas lacrimales, y gl&aacute;ndulas mucosas nasales y del paladar.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Presenta fibras aferentes sensoriales para el sentido del gusto de la parte anterior y media de la lengua.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Igualmente, Fibras Somaticas aferentes Sensitivas, las cuales se unen a fibras del IX y X par (Nervio Glosopharyngeus y Nervio Vagus) para inervar el meato acustico externo y la piel de la parte anterior de la oreja. <SUP>4, 5, 6, 7.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="left">E T I O L O G I A</P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">La etiolog&iacute;a de la Par&aacute;lisis de Bell, es generalmente de causa desconocida pero se ha asociado a:</P><DIR>      <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Infecciones virales (Ej: Herpes Zoster).</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">2.  Traumatismo de la base del cr&aacute;neo.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  Tumores craneales que compriman al nervio.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">4.  Incisiones para drenaje de algunos procesos dentoalveolares.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">5. Otitis media.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">6.  Por inflamaciones agudas traum&aacute;ticas o quir&uacute;rgicas de tejidos adyacentes al nervio facial o a sus ramas terminales, las cuales ser&aacute;n comprimidas por los tejidos circundantes inflamados temporalmente (Neuropraxia).</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">7.  Enfermedades sistemicas (Ej. Hipertensi&oacute;n, Diabetes).</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">8.  Trastornos vasculares. (Ej: Aneurisma de la arteria basilar).</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">9.  Pacientes con H. I. V. <SUP>8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15</SUP>.</P> <B></DIR>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">LA PARALISIS FACIAL TRANSITORIA</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">Se origina por una mala t&eacute;cnica anest&eacute;sica y se produce cuando se coloca el f&aacute;rmaco dentro de la gl&aacute;ndula par&oacute;tida, provocando d&eacute;ficit motor ipsilateral. <SUP>17</SUP> (<a href="#fig2">Figura 2</a>)</P> <a name="fig2"></a>     <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img2.gif" width="296" height="202"> <B>     
<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 2</B>: Par&aacute;lisis facial transitoria </P> <B>     <P align="left">CARACTER&Iacute;STICAS CL&Iacute;NICAS</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">TRASTORNOS MUSCULARES:</P><DIR>  </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Par&aacute;lisis hemifacial de los m&uacute;sculos de la expresi&oacute;n facial: M&uacute;sculo Frontal (Elevaci&oacute;n de las cejas), orbicular de los p&aacute;rpados, superciliar piramidal, Mirtiforme, transverso de la nariz, Dilatador propio del ala de la nariz, Orbicular de los labios, Buccinador, elevador com&uacute;n del ala de la nariz y labio superior, elevador propia del labio superior, Zigom&aacute;tico Mayor y menor, Risorio de Santorini, triangular de los labios, cuadrado de la barba y borla del ment&oacute;n.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">2.  Descenso de la Comisura Labial.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  Se borran los pliegues de la piel (surco nasogeniano, Nasopalpebral, labiogeniano). <SUP>10, 12, 15, 17.</SUP> (<a href="#fig3">Figura 3</a>)</P> <a name="fig3"></a>      <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img3.gif" width="273" height="193"></DIR>  <B>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 3</B>: Trastornos musculares</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">TRASTORNOS VISUALES:</P><DIR>  </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Se presenta el signo de Lagoftalmo, en el cual el ojo no se cierra, o permanece con cierre incompleto, dirigi&eacute;ndose el p&aacute;rpado hacia arriba y afuera (Signo de Bell).(<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>)</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">2.  El reflejo corneal y palpebral est&aacute; abolido.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  Disminuci&oacute;n de la secreci&oacute;n lagrimal, la cual puede ser diagnosticada mediante la prueba de "Schirmer", que consiste en comparar la cantidad de secreci&oacute;n lagrimal del lado afectado con respecto al lado sano.<SUP>1, 3, 5, 7, 9</SUP> (<a href="#fig4">Figura 4</a>)</P></DIR>  <B>     <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img4.gif" width="330" height="205"> <a name="fig4"></a>     
<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 4</B>: Trastornos visuales</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="justify">TRASTORNOS GLANDULARES:</B> (<a href="#fig5">Figura 5</a>)</P><DIR>      <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Supresi&oacute;n de la secreci&oacute;n salival a nivel de:</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">2.  Gl&aacute;ndula Submaxilar.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">3.  Gl&aacute;ndula Sublingual.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">4.  Gl&aacute;ndulas Accesorias Palatinas.</P></DIR>      <P ALIGN="justify">&nbsp;Dicho trastorno puede ser medido mediante un estudio denominado "Pruebas de Blatt", el cual compara el flujo salival de las gl&aacute;ndulas submaxilares y sublinguales de ambos lados.<SUP>7, 8, 9, 16, 17. </P> </SUP><B> <a name="fig5"></a>     <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img5.gif" width="315" height="222">     
<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 5</B>: Trastornos glandulares</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">TRASTORNOS GUSTATIVOS:</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">- Se presenta hipogeusia en los dos tercios anteriores de la lengua, que no es mas que la p&eacute;rdida del gusto en esa zona. Estos trastornos se diagnostican mediante las "Pruebas Gustativas" en los dos tercios anteriores de la lengua en forma comparativa, previa limpieza de la zona. <SUP>9, 12, 14.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="left">TRASTORNOS ACUSTICOS Y NASALES</B> (<a href="#fig6">Figura 6</a>)</P>      <P ALIGN="justify">Se puede presentar dolor retroauricular uno o dos d&iacute;as antes de la par&aacute;lisis perif&eacute;rica.</P><DIR>      <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Se presenta hipoacusia moderada, dicho s&iacute;ntoma puede ser diagnosticado Por un estudio denominado "Reflejo Estapedial", en donde se observa la reacci&oacute;n del paciente frente a tres est&iacute;mulos sonoros est&aacute;ndar en ambos lados.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">2.  Desviaci&oacute;n de la punta de la nariz hacia el lado sano.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  Inhibici&oacute;n de la secreci&oacute;n de las gl&aacute;ndulas de la mucosa nasal. <SUP>3, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.</P> <a name="fig6"></a>     <p align="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/aov/v39n1/art12img6.gif" width="303" height="238"></DIR> </SUP><B>     
<P ALIGN="center">FIGURA 6</B>: Trastornos ac&uacute;sticos</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left">TRATAMIENTO:</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">Existen variados tratamientos para los pacientes con este tipo de patolog&iacute;a, sin embargo el de mayor importancia es:</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="justify">La protecci&oacute;n del ojo:</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">El cuidado y protecci&oacute;n del ojo, tanto en el d&iacute;a como en la noche (oclusi&oacute;n forzada) es la medida fundamental al tratar estos pacientes; indic&aacute;ndole en el d&iacute;a la colocaci&oacute;n de lagrimas artificiales para mantenerlo h&uacute;medo.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">Es de suma importancia no frotarse el ojo, para no causar da&ntilde;os en la c&oacute;rnea, por tanto, debe colocarse una gasa con cinta adhesiva antial&eacute;rgica. En caso tal que el paciente presente incomodidad o irritaci&oacute;n en el ojo, a pesar de los cuidados usuales lo conveniente es consultar al oftalm&oacute;logo. Si la par&aacute;lisis persiste, se podr&iacute;a indicar rehabilitaci&oacute;n motora facial mediante:</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">1.  Ejercicios.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">2.  Masajes.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  Usos de F&eacute;rulas.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">4.  Estimulaci&oacute;n el&eacute;ctrica alrededor del agujero estilomastoideo.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">5. Puede ser beneficioso el uso de esteroides (prednisona, dexametasona) los primeros tres d&iacute;as.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">6. No hay indicaci&oacute;n quir&uacute;rgica en estos casos. <SUP>25, 26, 27, 28.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="justify">PRONOSTICO:</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">-El 90 % de los pacientes se recuperan totalmente en las primeras semanas.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">-La presencia de signos de desnervaci&oacute;n despu&eacute;s de los diez primeros dias, pronostica un prolongado retraso en la recuperaci&oacute;n hasta que aparezca la regeneraci&oacute;n, siendo esta a veces incompleta. <SUP>25, 2 8.</P> </SUP><B>    <P ALIGN="justify">C O N C L U S I O N E S</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="justify">1.  La Par&aacute;lisis de Bell es la patolog&iacute;a mas frecuente del nervio facial.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="justify">2.  Esta patolog&iacute;a no amenaza la vida del paciente, recuper&aacute;ndose generalmente entre la primera y tercera semana de iniciada la enfermedad.</P>     <P ALIGN="justify">3.  En la Par&aacute;lisis de Bell hay alteraci&oacute;n de la musculatura m&iacute;mica de la cara, gl&aacute;ndulas salivales sub-lingual y sub-maxilar, gl&aacute;ndulas mucosas nasales y lagrimales, todo esto en estrecha relaci&oacute;n con la profesi&oacute;n odontol&oacute;gica y es por esta raz&oacute;n que el odont&oacute;logo debe conocer la anatom&iacute;a y funci&oacute;n del nervio facial, asi como tambi&eacute;n las patolog&iacute;as que lo afectan y entre ellas la Par&aacute;lisis de Bell por ser esta la alteraci&oacute;n mas frecuente del VII par craneal.</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="justify">BIBLIOGRAFIA:</P> </B>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="justify">1. MAURICE, V.; MARTIN, J. ;(1994): Trastorno de los pares craneales. Harrison. Principios de Medicina Interna. Harrison, D.; Isselbacher, K.; Braunwald, E.; Wilson, J.; Mart&iacute;n, J.; Fauci, A.; Kasper, D. (Eds.) 13ª. Edici&oacute;n. Editorial Interamericana. Mc Graw-Hill. Espa&ntilde;a Pp:2705-2711.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=059741&pid=S0001-6365200100010001200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="justify">2. NAVARRETE, M.; ROVIRA, A.; SANCHEZ, M.; QUESADA, P.; (1993): Bell’s facial paralysis. Study with magnetic resonance and gadolinium. Acta Otorrinolaringol. 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