<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0004-0622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ALAN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0004-0622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0004-06222000000100015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Composição em minerais de cogumelos comestíveis cultivados no Brasil - Pleurotus spp e outras espécies desidratadas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucazechi Sturion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilma]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Camargo Ranzani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcia Regina T]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Sao Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000100015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Os macrofungos podem acumular certos minerais, inclusive os metais tóxicos se presentes no substrato. Recomenda-se o monitoramento periódico desses elementos nos cogumelos comestíveis quando as condições de cultivo forem alteradas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conteúdo em minerais de Pleurotus spp (hiratake e shimeji) e, de cogumelos secos importados (chileno e italiano). Os corpos de frutificação de Pleurotus spp foram obtidos frescos de cultivadores e os cogumelos secos adquiridos no comércio. As amostras foram secas, moídas e digeridas por ClH-NO3H. O conteúdo de P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na e B foram analisados por ICP- AES e o de Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Co e Ni por ICP-OES. Os resultados classificam tais cogumelos como fonte de potasio e cobre; Pleurotus spp são também fonte de fósforo (P<0,05); o chileno apresentou alto teor de ferro (P < 0,05). Todos os cogumelos avaliados foram identificados como alimento sem sódio (< 5 mg Na/l00 g). Sendo fonte de K sem Na, atendem às necessidades dos pacientes hipertensos e/ou com problemas cardíacos como um alimento e/ou condimento no realce do flavor. Estudos subsequentes devem incluir maior amostragem e uma avaliação dos metais tóxicos Pb e Cr, com méetodos de análise mais acurados, assim como a de Hg (não avaliado nesse estudo), principalmente em cogumelos silvestres, comercializados secos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Mineral composition of edible mushrooms cultivated in Brazil- Pleurotus spp and other dehydrated species. Macrofungi can accumulate some minerals, including toxic metals if present in the substrate. A periodic monitoring of these elements in mushrooms is recommended when the conditions of cultivation are altered. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mineral content of Pleurotus spp (hiratake and shimeji) and of imported (chilean and italian) dehydrated mushrooms. Fresh fruiting bodies of Pleurotus spp were obtained from cultivators and dehydrated mushrooms were bought in a market. The samples were dried, milled and digested by CIH-NO3H. The content of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and B were analyzed by ICP-AES and Al, Cd, Cr, Pb. Co, Ni by ICP-OES. The results classify these mushrooms as a source of potassium and copper: Pleurotus spp are also a source of phosphorus (P<0.05); the chilean mushrooms present high content of iron (P< 0,05). All the evaluated mushrooms were identified as a food without sodium (<5 mg Na/l00 g). So these mushrooms being a source of potassium without Na, answer the needs of hypertension and/or heart diseases patients as a food and/or like a condiment for flavor enhancement. Subsequent studies should include major sampling and the evaluation of the toxic metals. Pb and Cr, employing more accurate methods of analysis, as well as the evaluation of Hg (not analysed in this study), mainly in wild mushrooms. commercialized dehydrated.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Minerais]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[metais tóxicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pleurotus spp frescos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[hiratake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[shimeji]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cogumelos desidratados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Minerals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[toxic metals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fresh Pleurotus spp]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hiratake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[shimeji]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dehydrated mushrooms]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <B><FONT SIZE=4>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Composi&ccedil;&atilde;o em minerais de cogumelos comest&iacute;veis cultivados no Brasil - <I>Pleurotus </I>spp e outras esp&eacute;cies desidratadas</P> </FONT> </B><I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Gilma Lucazechi Sturion </I>&amp; <I>Marcia Regina T. de Camargo Ranzani</P> </I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz- Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, Brasil</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">RESUMO</B>. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os macrofungos podem acumular certos minerais, inclusive os metais t&oacute;xicos se presentes no substrato. Recomenda-se o monitoramento peri&oacute;dico desses elementos nos cogumelos comest&iacute;veis quando as condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de cultivo forem alteradas. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conte&uacute;do em minerais de <I>Pleurotus </I>spp (hiratake e shimeji) e, de cogumelos secos importados (chileno e italiano). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de <I>Pleurotus </I>spp foram obtidos frescos de cultivadores e os cogumelos secos adquiridos no com&eacute;rcio. As amostras foram secas, mo&iacute;das e digeridas por ClH-NO3H. O conte&uacute;do de P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na e B foram analisados por ICP- AES e o de Al, Cd, Cr, Pb, Co e Ni por ICP-OES. Os resultados classificam tais cogumelos como fonte de potasio e cobre; <I>Pleurotus </I>spp s&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m fonte de f&oacute;sforo (P&lt;0,05); o chileno apresentou alto teor de ferro (P &lt; 0,05). Todos os cogumelos avaliados foram identificados como alimento sem s&oacute;dio (&lt; 5 mg Na/l00 g). Sendo fonte de K sem Na, atendem &agrave;s necessidades dos pacientes hipertensos e/ou com problemas card&iacute;acos como um alimento e/ou condimento no realce do flavor. Estudos subsequentes devem incluir maior amostragem e uma avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o dos metais t&oacute;xicos Pb e Cr, com m&eacute;etodos de an&aacute;lise mais acurados, assim como a de Hg (n&atilde;o avaliado nesse estudo), principalmente em cogumelos silvestres, comercializados secos. </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Palavras-chave</B>: Minerais. metais t&oacute;xicos, <I>Pleurotus </I>spp frescos, hiratake, shimeji, cogumelos desidratados. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">SUMMARY. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mineral composition of edible mushrooms cultivated in Brazil- <I>Pleurotus </I>spp and other dehydrated species</B>. Macrofungi can accumulate some minerals, including toxic metals if present in the substrate. A periodic monitoring of these elements in mushrooms is recommended when the conditions of cultivation are altered. The aim of this work was to evaluate the mineral content of <I>Pleurotus </I>spp (hiratake and shimeji) and of imported (chilean and italian) dehydrated mushrooms. Fresh fruiting bodies of <I>Pleurotus </I>spp were obtained from cultivators and dehydrated mushrooms were bought in a market. The samples were dried, milled and digested by CIH-NO3H. The content of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na and B were analyzed by ICP-AES and Al, Cd, Cr, Pb. Co, Ni by ICP-OES. The results classify these mushrooms as a source of potassium and copper: Pleurotus spp are also a source of phosphorus (P&lt;0.05); the chilean mushrooms present high content of iron (P&lt; 0,05). All the evaluated mushrooms were identified as a food without sodium (&lt;5 mg Na/l00 g). So these mushrooms being a source of potassium without Na, answer the needs of hypertension and/or heart diseases patients as a food and/or like a condiment for flavor enhancement. Subsequent studies should include major sampling and the evaluation of the toxic metals. Pb and Cr, employing more accurate methods of analysis, as well as the evaluation of Hg (not analysed in this study), mainly in wild mushrooms. commercialized dehydrated. </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Key words</B>: Minerals, toxic metals, fresh <I>Pleurotus </I>spp. Hiratake, shimeji, dehydrated mushrooms. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Recibido: 05-03-1999   Aceptado: 27-09-1999</P> <B>    <P>INTRODU&Ccedil;&Atilde;O</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O aumento da produ&ccedil;&atilde;o mundial de cogumelos comest&iacute;veis, especialmente do g&ecirc;nero <I>Pleurotus</I>, de aproximadamente 442,6% de 1986 a 1991 segundo Chang, (1) faz com que esses adquiram maior import&acirc;ncia quanto ao seu papel na nutri&ccedil;&atilde;o humana. Atualmente ocupam o 2° lugar na produ&ccedil;&atilde;o mundial (2) gra&ccedil;as a sua capacidade em colonizar in&uacute;meros res&iacute;duos agroindustriais, uma caracter&iacute;stica que viabilizou economicamente essa produ&ccedil;&atilde;o e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuiu com a melhoria da qualidade do meio ambiente. (3) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o das esp&eacute;cies/linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>a novos res&iacute;duos suscita maiores conhecimentos sobre sua composi&ccedil;&atilde;o qu&iacute;mica pois est&aacute; diretamente relacionada &agrave; composi&ccedil;&atilde;o do substrato, principalmente quanto &agrave; varia&ccedil;&atilde;o ocasionada no teor e qualidade prot&eacute;eica e na presen&ccedil;a e quantidade de minerais desses cogumelos. (4-7) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Existe na literatura, segundo Vetter, (8) poucas informa&ccedil;&otilde;es a respeito dos componentes minerais de cogumelos cultivados sendo a mayor&iacute;a dessas relacionadas acogumelos comest&iacute;veis silvestres. Tais estudos constataram que os macrofungos t&ecirc;m capacidade de acumular certos minerais entre os quais os metais t&oacute;xicos tais como o c&aacute;dmio, o chumbo e o merc&uacute;rio, quando presentes no substrato. (9-14) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Consequente a essa constata&ccedil;&atilde;o v&aacute;rias pesquisas v&ecirc;m sendo realizadas, nos pa&iacute;ses tradicionalmente consumidores de cogumelos. Entre os enfoques principais dessas est&atilde;o a identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o das esp&eacute;cies de fungos bioacumuladores/coletores de metais pesados, (15-18) a determina&ccedil;&atilde;o do efeito da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o mineral na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de minerais em cogumelos (19) e, a avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o da concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de metais pesados no substrato e a transloca&ccedil;&atilde;o desses para os corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o. (5,7,20-23) Essa capacidade de bioconcentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de metais pesados preocupa os pesquisadores que t&ecirc;m sugerido o monitoramento peri&oacute;dico dos metais pesados nos cogumelos comest&iacute;veis quando as condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de cultivo forem alteradas. (6,9,21) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma preocupa&ccedil;&atilde;o, levantada por Favero et alii (7) e Jain et alii, (21) relaciona-se ao cultivo de <I>Pleurotus </I>spp. pois esses cogumelos representam atualmente um dos principais processos de bioconvers&atilde;o de res&iacute;duos agroindustriais em produtos comest&iacute;veis de alta qualidade; al&eacute;m disso, esses cogumelos s&atilde;o produzidos o ano todo. Tais situa&ccedil;&otilde;es enfatizam portanto o risco ligado ao consumo dessas esp&eacute;cies comparado aos cogumelos silvestres ande o consumo &eacute; sazonal. Um outro fator considerado &eacute; que os cogumelos s&atilde;o apenas um item da dieta, portanto concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es pr&oacute;ximos aos limites m&aacute;ximos tolerados devem ser questionadas. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No Brasil tem-se observado um aumento na produ&ccedil;&atilde;o e consumo de cogumelos nos &uacute;ltimos 6 anos de acordo com a Casa da Agricultura de Mogi das Cruzes <SUP>(1)</SUP>. A esse respeito deve-se acrescentar um aumento na importa&ccedil;&atilde;o de cogumelos secos, onde podem estar presentes esp&eacute;cies cultivadas e silvestres, tanto do gen&ecirc;ro <I>Pleurotus </I>quanto de outros capazes de acumular uma quantidade de metais pesados muito maior. (17) Esses cogumelos secos v&ecirc;m sendo comercializados a granel sob nomes gen&eacute;ricos de cogumelos chileno, italiano, etc., e os dados dispon&iacute;veis da ABIA <SUP>(2)</SUP> n&atilde;o especificam quais tipos de cogumelos s&atilde;o importados. Informa&ccedil;&otilde;es oficiosas relacionam o cogumelo chileno como sendo Bolletus luteus, um cogumelo silvestre.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O objetivo desse trabalho foi, portanto, levantar dados sobre o conte&uacute;do em minerais de cogumelos, mais especificamente nas esp&eacute;cies/linhagens do g&ecirc;nero <I>Pleurotus. </I>Tais dados estar&atilde;o subsidiando a necessidade de uma avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o desse cogumelo cultivado no Brasil em baga&ccedil;o de cana de a&ccedil;&uacute;car misturado e/ou suplementado com outros res&iacute;duos.  (2,24,25) Como o conte&uacute;do em minerais est&aacute; relacionado &agrave;s, condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de cultivo, principalmente com o substrato utilizado e linhagem, uma avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o das esp&eacute;cies/do e linhagem, urna avalia&lt;1'ao das esp&eacute;cies/linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>cultivadas, chamadas comercialmente de hiratake e shiimeji, quanto &agrave; presen&ccedil;a, teor e potencialidade nutricional e t&oacute;xica dos metais presentes, pode fornecer subs&iacute;deos para um melhor controle de qualidade dos mesmos nas nossas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de cultivo. Al&eacute;m das esp&eacute;cies/linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>foram avaliados cogumelos secos, importados e comercializados a granel sob os nomes gen&eacute;ricos de chileno e italiano pois, provavelmente, estes sejam cogumelos silvestres e, portanto, sujeitos &agrave; contamina&ccedil;&atilde;o por metais pesados se presentes no ambiente de origem. </P> <B>    <P>MATERIAL E METODOS</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Coleta de amostras </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de <I>Pleuro&uacute;ls </I>spp. foram obtidos frescos de cultivadores de hiratake e shimeji, os cogumelos secos foram obtidos diretamente do com&eacute;rcio e, receberam c&oacute;digo conforme <a href="#tab1">Tabela l</a>. Estes foram levados &agrave; pr&eacute;-secagem a 6±5°C/12 horas e secagem definitiva a l00±5°C/4 horas em estufa de circula&ccedil;&atilde;o for&ccedil;ada. (26) Foram considerados os corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o parcialmente &iacute;ntegros - chap&eacute;u e parte da estipe, tendo sido retirada apenas o final desta que fica em cantata com o substrato. Ap&oacute;s a secagem as amostras foram finamente mo&iacute;das para utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o nas an&aacute;lises de minerais. As amostras de cogumelos secos foram obtidas no com&eacute;rcio de Piracicaba e levadas diretamente &agrave; secagem definitiva. </P> <B><a name="tab1"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">TABELA 1</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Materia seca (%) das amostras de cogumelos</P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>     <div align="center">       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 height="208"> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" align="center" height="19"> <B>    <P>Amostras</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP" align="center" height="19"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Esp&eacute;cies/Cogumelos</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP" align="center" height="19"> <B>    <P>Materia seca (%)</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" height="177">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.01</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.02</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.03</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.04</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.05</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.06</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.07</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">M&eacute;dia de cogumelos</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">frescos</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.08</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.09</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">M&eacute;dia de cogumelos</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">secos</TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP" height="177">  <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (shimeji)</P> <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (hiratake)</P> <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (hiratake, branco)</P> <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P. ostreatoroseus</I> (hiratake, rosa)</P> <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (hiratake, branco)</P> <I>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (hiratake, rosa)</P> <I>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pleurotus sp</I>. (shimeji)</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cogumelo italiano (seco)</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cogumeno chileno (seco)</P>  </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP" height="177">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">15,40</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">8,57</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">9,73</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">11,38</P>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">8,12</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">8,42</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">10,27</P> <DIR>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">10,28</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">89,50</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">90,80</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">90,15</P> </DIR> </TD> </TR> </TABLE>  </center> </div> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">An&aacute;lise de minerais</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As amostras secas foram solubilizadas/mineralizadas por digest&atilde;o nitropercl&oacute;rica, em sistema aberto. Os macrominerais (P, K, S, Ca e Mg) e microminerais (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na e B) foram analisados por espectrometria de emiss&atilde;o at&ocirc;mica indutivamente ligada ao plasma de arg&ocirc;nio (ICP-AES) e, os minerais alum&iacute;nio, c&aacute;dmio, cromo total, chumbo, cobalto e n&iacute;quel foram analisados por espectrometria de emissao at&ocirc;mica (ICP-OES) empregando-se os equipamentos Model 975 ATOMCOMP (Jarrel - Ash) e Optima DV 3000 (Perkin- Elmer) respectivamente, do Setor de Qu&iacute;mica Anal&iacute;tica do Centro de Energia Nuclear da Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, Campus - Piracicaba, S&atilde;o Paulo. </P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">An&aacute;lise estat&iacute;stica </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os valores obtidos foram analisados empregando-se o Sistema de An&aacute;lise Estat&iacute;stica-SANEST. (27) O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado; para diferen&ccedil;as entre m&eacute;dias observadas pela an&aacute;lise de vari&acirc;ncia e teste F aplicou-se o Teste de Tukey. (28)</P> <B>    <P>RESULTADOS</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O teor m&eacute;dio de mat&eacute;ria seca das esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>spp avaliadas foi de 10.28 % (<a href="#tab1">Tabela 1</a>). Nas <a href="#tab2"> Tabelas 2</a> e <a href="#tab3"> 3</a> encontram-se os resultados dos macro e micro minerais presentes. Dos metais t&oacute;xicos foram avaliados os teores de cadmio, Chumbo, n&iacute;quel. cromo e cobalto (<a href="#tab4">Tabela 4</a>). </P> <B><a name="tab2"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">TABELA 2</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Macrominerais (g100/g em peso seco)* presentes em cogumelos <I>Pleurotus</I> spp., chileno e italiano</P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>     <div align="center">       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 width=545 height="228"> <TR><TD width="125" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amostras</P> </B></TD> <TD width="76" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P</B></TD> <TD width="91" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">K</B></TD> <TD width="85" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">S</B></TD> <TD width="87" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Ca</B></TD> <TD width="43" VALIGN="TOP" height="19"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Mg</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD width="125" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.01</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.02</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.03</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.04</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.05</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.06</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.07</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">M&eacute;dia Pleurotus spp</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.08</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.09</TD> <TD width="76" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,59b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1.32d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,12e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,27d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,46c</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,40c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,70ª</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,40</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,17e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,53f </TD> <TD width="91" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,09bcd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,00cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,07bcd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,65a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,35abc</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,78a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,08bcd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,28</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">3,56ab</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">2,71d </TD> <TD width="85" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,32ab</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,30b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,30b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,39a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,30b</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,35ab</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,39a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,335</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,29b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,17c </TD> <TD width="87" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,01b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">-</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,02a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,02a</P> </TD> <TD width="43" VALIGN="TOP" height="197">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,22b</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,20b</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,17e</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,18de</P>      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,20bc</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,19cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,23a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,19</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,12f</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,10g </TD> </TR> </TABLE>   </center> </div>       <P>*Os resultados s&atilde;o m&eacute;dias de tr&ecirc;s repeti&ccedil;&otilde;es; valores assinalados com a mesma letra na mesma coluna n&atilde;o diferem significativamene (p&lt;0,05), segundo Teste de Tukey </P>     <P>Coeficientes de varia&ccedil;&atilde;o para observa&ccedil;&otilde;es n&atilde;o transformados = P (1,834%); K (5,312%); S (9,643%); Mg (2,635%)</P>     <P>Coeficientes de varia&ccedil;&atilde;o para observa&ccedil;&otilde;es transformadas segundo Raiz (x) + Raiz (x+0) = Ca (7,965%)</P> <B><a name="tab3"></a><a name="tab3"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">TABELA 3</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Microminerais (mg/kg, p.s)* presentes em cogumelos <I>Pleurotus</I> spp., chileno e italiano</P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"></P> </B>     <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Amostras</P> </B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cu</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Fe</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Mn</P> </B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b>Zn</b></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Na</P> </B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Al</P> </B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">B</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.01</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.02</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.03</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.04</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.05</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.06</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.07</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">M&eacute;dia </P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.08</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">P.09</TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">27,29b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">24,03c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">20,06d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">27,53b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">18,90d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">26,66bc</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">25,50bc</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">24,42</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">55,83a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">14,40e </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">131,00cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">119,33cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">134,00bcd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">160,33bc</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">114,00cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">188,66b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">106,66cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">136,28</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">82,00d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">598,00a </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">14b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">12c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">11c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">11c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">12c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">12c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">15b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">12,42</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">6,0d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">22a </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">104,33b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">91,00bc</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">108,66b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">195,00a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">104,00b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">175,00a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">114,33b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">127,47</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">66,00c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">92,33bc </TD> </center> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">52e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">163b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">183b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">95cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">71de</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">106c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">66de</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">105,14</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">380a</P>     <p style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">119c</TD>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;10e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;10e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">48d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;10e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;10e</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">69c</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">56cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">-</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">139b</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">650a</TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;5,0b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;5,0b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">5,59b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">15,22a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;5,0b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">11,61a</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">5,59b</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">-</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;5,0b</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;5,0b </TD> </TR> </TABLE>     </center>       <P>*Os resultados s&atilde;o expressos na m&eacute;dias seca e s&atilde;o m&eacute;dias de tr&ecirc;s repeti&ccedil;&otilde;es; valores assinalados com a mesma letra na mesma coluna n&atilde;o diferem significativamene (p&lt;0,05), segundo Teste de Tukey </P>     <P>Coeficientes de varia&ccedil;&atilde;o para observa&ccedil;&otilde;es n&atilde;o transformados = Cu (4,041%); Fe (10,578%); Mn (4,260%); Zn (7,915%); Na (8,121%)</P>     <P>Coeficientes de varia&ccedil;&atilde;o para observa&ccedil;&otilde;es transformadas: segundo Raiz (x) + Raiz (x+0) = Al (5,411%) ;segundo Raiz (x+0) = B (11,621%).</P> <a name="tab4"></a>    <P align="center" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B>TABELA 4</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Teores em mg/kg em peso fresco de Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni encontrados nos cogumelos avaliados e compara&ccedil;&atilde;o entre os limites m&aacute;ximos permitidos de contaminantes inorg&aacute;nicos em alimentos</P>       <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Minerais</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Decreto nº 55871*</B></TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER" style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cogumelos avaliados (limete de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o) †</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cd</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Pb</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cu</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Hg</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Zn</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Cr</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Ni</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Se</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">As</TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,00</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,80</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">30,00</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,01</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">50,00</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,10</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">5,00</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">0,30</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">1,00</P> </TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP">      <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,1095</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;1,64</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">2,43</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">n.d. ‡</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">12,7</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,1245-0,1566§</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">&lt;0,234</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">n.d</P>     <P style="line-height: 100%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="center">n.d </TD> </TR> </TABLE>   </center>       <P align="left">*Associa&ccedil;&atilde;o Brasileira das Industrias de Alimentos (31); ‡ limite de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo/equipamento adotado na avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o dos cogumelos; ‡ n.d. = n&atilde;o determinado; § <I>pleurotus</I> spp. e cogumelo italiano &lt; 0,1245 e cogumelo chileno = 0,1566</P> <B>    <P>DISCUSS&Atilde;O</P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A discuss&atilde;o que se segue avaliou os resultados quanto &agrave; possibilidade desses cogumelos serem considerados fontes de minerais. De acordo com a Portaria n° 27 (29) para que um alimento possa ser considerado fonte de um dado mineral esse deve estar presente e contemplar no m&iacute;nimo 15% da RDA(1989) <SUP>(3)</SUP> (ingesta di&aacute;ria recomend&aacute;vel) para tal elemento; valores acima de 30% da RDA indicam que o alimento apresenta teores altos. Os dados de alguns minerais foram convertidos em peso &uacute;mido para viabilizar a compara&ccedil;&atilde;o com a RDA. No julgamento quanto &agrave; toxidez e /ou contamina&ccedil;&atilde;o foram empregados os valores estabelecidos pela OMS (30) e /ou Decreto n° 55871, (31) respectivamente. Para os elementos onde a RDA ainda n&atilde;o foi estabelecida considerou-se a ESADDI (ingest&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica di&aacute;ria considerada segura e adequada) citada por Czajka-Narins. (32) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De acordo com Chang &amp; Miles (33) os cogumelos em geral s&atilde;o boa fonte de minerais. Estes s&atilde;o absorvidos do substrato pelo rnic&eacute;lio em crescimento e translocados para os corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O K aparece como o maior componente de minerais confirmando os dados da literatura. (15) Os cogumelos <I>Pleurotus </I>spp. aval.iados apresentaram em m&eacute;dia 3,28g/100g em peso seco de K, ou seja, 328 mg/100 g de cogumelo fresco, o que corresponde a 16,4% da RDA, que &eacute; de 2000 mg. Assim, esses cogumelos s&atilde;o fonte desse mineral mesmo considerando que existe varia&ccedil;&otilde;es entre eles estatisticarnente significativas (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). Omaior teorem K foi encontrado nos cogumelos <I>Pleurotus </I>sp. de colora&ccedil;&atilde;o rosa (P &lt; 0,05). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O P aparece como segundo elemento mineral, o que tamb&eacute;m est&aacute; pertinente com os dados encontrados na literatura; (5,8,15,16,24) nas amostras avaliadas o teor m&eacute;dio foi de 1,41g/100g em peso seco, ou seja, 141 mg/l00 g de cogumelo fresco nas esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>e, em teor significativamente menor no cogumelo chileno (53 mg/100g de peso fresco). A RDA para o P &eacute; de 800 mg - as esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliadas nesse trabalho cobrem cerca de 17,65% das necessidades di&aacute;rias, portanto tamb&eacute;m s&atilde;o fonte de P, embora entre elas haja diferen&ccedil;as significativas tendo sido encontrados os maiores teores naqueles chamados shimeji (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O S ocorreu como terceiro elemento, contrariando os dados da literatura onde o Mg &eacute; o terceiro elemento mineral majorit&aacute;rio. (5,8,15,16,24) As amostras de <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliadas apresentaram teores m&eacute;dios de 0,335g/100g em peso seco, ou seja, 33,5 mg/l00 g de cogumelos frescos. As amostras dos cogumelos chamados shimeji e <I>Pleurotus </I>rosa apresentaram os maiores teores e o cogumelo chileno o menor teor (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Mg, os maiores teores ocorreram nas esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>chamadas shimeji. Entre os <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliados a m&eacute;dia de Mg foi de 0,19g/100g em peso seco- valor que corresponde a 19 mg/l00 g de cogumelos frescos. Esse teor m&eacute;edio &eacute; correspondente a 5,95% do RDA que foi estabelecida entre 270 a 300 mg, portanto esses cogumelos n&atilde;o s&atilde;o fonte desse mineral. Teores significativamente menores foram encontrados nas amostras de cogumelos chileno e italiano (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). Esses valores encontrados est&atilde;o em desacordo com aqueles encontrados por Seeger e Beckert (34) que ao estudarem o teor de Mg de 402 esp&eacute;cies de cogumelos silvestres observaram que este variou entre 3,9 a 46,40 mg/ 100g em peso fresco e que cerca de 75% das amostras continham de 8 a 18 mg/100g em peso fresco, valores estes na mesma ordem de magnitude que o presente em vegetais. Observaram tamb&eacute;m que o teor de Mg mostrou-se dependente da esp&eacute;cie e g&ecirc;nero mas, igualou-se ao conte&uacute;do presente no solo ou foi menor. Nenhuma diferen&ccedil;a foi encontrada entre o teor de magnesia de corpos de frutifica&ccedil;&atilde;o jovens ou velhos. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O teor de Ca entre as amostras de Pleurotus apresentouse menor ou igual a 0,0 l g/ 100g em peso seco, e nos cogumelos  chileno e italiano foi igual a 0,02g/100gem peso seco, diferen&ccedil;a significativa (p&lt;0,05) (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). Comparado a outros macro minerais &eacute;e caracter&iacute;stico das esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>e outros macrofungos apresentarem esse elemento em baixas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es. (6,33) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A quantidade de Na encontrada nos cogumelos <I>Pleurotus </I>apresentou varia&ccedil;&atilde;o significativa de 52 a 380 mg/kg em peso seco ou 0,52 a 3,8mg/l00g em peso fresco; o maior teor foi encontrado no cogumelo italiano e os menores teores naqueles chamados shimeji (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>). Na literatura os valores de Na variaram de 85,8 a 780 mg/kg em peso seco ou 0,85 a 7,8 mg/l00g em peso fresco em <I>Pleurotus </I>spp. cultivados em res&iacute;duos lignocelul&oacute;sicos; (5,8,16) quando cultivados em res&iacute;duos da ind&uacute;stria do papel variaram de 1390 a 1725 mg/kg em peso seco ou 13,90 a 17 ,25mg/l00g em peso fresco. (20) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Considerando-se a classifica&ccedil;&atilde;o da Portar&iacute;a n° 27 (29) "alimentos que n&atilde;o cont&eacute;m s&oacute;dio apresentam teores igual ou menor que 5 mg de Na/l00 gde s&oacute;lidos", as esp&eacute;cies avaliadas de <I>Pleurotus </I>s&atilde;o tidas portanto como alimento que n&atilde;o cont&eacute;m Na, bem como os cogumelos chileno e italiano avaliados. H&aacute; que, no entanto, conhecer-se a proced&ecirc;ncia/ substrato de origem pois, aqueles cogumelos cultivados de res&iacute;duos da ind&uacute;stria do papel, embora ainda contenham pouco Na, passam a ser classificados como alimentos com «muito baixo teor de s&oacute;dio» (m&aacute;ximo 40 mg de Na/ 100 g de s&oacute;lido) assim como <I>Agaricus bisporus, </I>o champignon de Par&iacute;s, segundo Bano e Rajarathnam (6) que tem em m&eacute;dia 11,5 mg/100 g em peso fresco. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Segundo Krummel, (35) os cogumelos avaliados classificam-se para efeito de rotula&ccedil;&atilde;o de alimentos como, «alimento sem s&oacute;dio» (5 mg/por por&ccedil;&atilde;o padr&atilde;o). Entre os temas para interven&ccedil;&atilde;o no controle da hipertens&atilde;o, citados por Krummel, (35) est&aacute; a interven&ccedil;&atilde;o de pouco s&oacute;dio/ muito pot&aacute;ssio que recomenda aos pacientes a identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o de alimentos baixos em s&oacute;dio e altos em pot&aacute;ssio. Os cogumelos estudados, frescos ou secos, s&atilde;o alimentos que atendem essas exig&ecirc;ncias uma vez que s&atilde;o fontes de pot&aacute;ssio. O pot&aacute;ssio diet&eacute;etico e a press&atilde;o sangu&iacute;nea est&atilde;o inversamente relacionados, isto &eacute;e, ingest&atilde;o de alimentos com alto teor de pot&aacute;ssio est&aacute; associada &agrave; press&atilde;o sangu&iacute;nea mais baixa. (36)</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dos microelementos (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>), o Fe nas esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliados apresentou-se em m&eacute;dia com teor de 133,85 mg/kg de peso seco ou 1,338 mg/100 g: de peso fresco, valores que s&atilde;o encontrados na literatura. (5,8, 15, 16,24,37) Em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; RDA (14 mg) conclue-se que a ingesta de 100 g fomece 9,56% desta. Portanto, embora esses cogumelos n&atilde;o possam ser considerados fonte de Fe, um estudo de Memuna &amp; Chakrabarti <SUP>(4)</SUP> citados por Bano &amp; Rajarathanam, (6) mostrou que pelo menos parte desse elemento est&aacute; na forma biodispon&iacute;vel atrav&eacute;s de revers&atilde;o de anemia inducida em ratos quando alimentados com <I>Pleurotus </I>spp. como suplemento de dieta l&aacute;ctea. Todavia, generaliza&ccedil;&otilde;es n&atilde;o podem ser feitas pois o cogumelo chileno apresentou o maior teor em Fe 573mg/kg em peso seco ou 5,73 mg de Fe/l 00 g de cogumelo fresco (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>), o que corresponde a 40,92% da RDA e, portanto poderia ser considerado como alimento com alto teor de Fe (&gt; 30% RDA, segundo Portar&iacute;a n° 27). (29)</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; O teor de Cu nas linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliadas esteve cm m&eacute;dia ao redor de 2,43 mg/100 g de peso seco ou 0,243 mg/ 100 g de peso fresco, estando esse dado em acordo com a literatura, <a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a> (5, 15, 16,20,24,37). A ingest&atilde;o de 100 g desses cogumelos frescos atinge 15 a 8,0% considerando-se que a ESADDI varia de 1,5 a 3 mg, (32) respectivamente. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De acordo com a OMS (30) os cogumelos <I>Pleurotus </I>e chileno podem ser considerados boas fontes de Cu pois, apresentam teores maiores que 2 mg/kg em peso fresco ou 0,2 mg/por&ccedil;&atilde;o normalmente utilizada. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os maiores teores de B foram encontrados nas linhagens <I>de Pleurotus ostreatoroseus, </I>m&eacute;diade 13 mg/kg empeso seco (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>). Nos outros cogumelos, chileno, italiano e <I>Pleurotus </I>spp os teores encontrados foram iguais a 6 ou &lt; 5 mg/kg (em peso seco) - dados esses que est&atilde;o coerentes com os encontrados na literatura. (8) Boas fontes de B s&atilde;o os alimentos de origem vegetal, especialmente frutas n&atilde;o c&iacute;tricas; vegetais folhosos, nozes e leguminosas s&atilde;o fontes ricas; nozes e frutas secas geralmente fornecem de 15 a 30 mg/kg em peso fresco desse elemento. Os cogumelos avaliados fornecem cerca de 5 a 6 mg/kg (peso seco) de B, exceto as esp&eacute;cies de <I>Pleurotus ostreatoroseus </I>(11,61 a 15,22 mg/kg em peso seco) que apresentam quantidades, pr&oacute;ximas aos alimentos considerados fonte. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A m&eacute;dia de Mn nas esp&eacute;cies/linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliadas foi de 12,43 mg/kg em peso seco que corresponde a 0,1234 mg de Mn/l00 g de peso fresco, atingindo 2,48% da ESADDI (2 a 5 mg/dia).(32) O maior teor foi encontrado no cogumelo italiano e nas linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>chamadas de shimeji (P &lt; 0,05); o cogumelo chileno apresentou o menor teor (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>). &Eacute; caracter&iacute;stica dos macrofungos apresentarem-se com teores baixos e serem ronda ainda mais baixos nas esp&eacute;cies de Pleurotus. (15) </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Entre os Pleurotus spp os teores de Al variaram entre valores &lt; l0 a 69 mg/kg em peso seco, havendo diferen&ccedil;as entre eles significativas. Os maiores teores foram encontrados no cogumelo chileno (650 mg/kg) e no italiano (127mg/kg) (P &lt; 0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A OMS (30) sugere, provisoriamente, que a ingest&atilde;o semanal toler&aacute;vel de alum&iacute;nio pode ser de aproximadamente 7 mg/kg de peso corp&oacute;reo - o que corresponde a 490 mg/ semana para um indiv&iacute;duo de 70 kg. Considerando-se esses valores, conclu&iacute;-se que os cogumelos, mesmo o chileno que fornece 6,5 mg de Al/ 100 g de peso fresco, n&atilde;o representam risco para a sa&uacute;de. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp; Na avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o do teor de Zn, as linhagens de <I>Pleurotus </I>de colora&ccedil;&atilde;o rosa apresentaram os maiores teores (p&lt;0,05) (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>). No entanto, n&atilde;o podem ser considerados Cantes desse elemento mesmo senda considerados bioacumuladores, (5,20,22) pois contribuem aproximadamente com 12% da RDA cuja m&eacute;dia &eacute; de 15 mg, dependendo da faixa et&aacute;ria.</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Uma importante fonte de Zn &eacute; a carne vermelha magra (4,0 a 5,0 mg de Zn/100 g de peso fresco) e este encontra-se altamente biodispon&iacute;vel (Zn associado a amino&aacute;cidos e hidroxi&aacute;cidos, substancias de baixo peso molecular sol&uacute;veis) e, esta fonte fornece 0,2-0,3 mg Zn/g prote&iacute;na. (30) Assim, como os cogumelos <I>Pleurotus </I>avaliados fornecem, em m&eacute;dia, 0,63 mg Zn/g de prote&iacute;na, (4)  pode-se, ap&oacute;s considera&ccedil;&otilde;es acima, inferir que este elemento pode estar biodispon&iacute;vel devido &agrave; presen&ccedil;a de amino&aacute;cidos e hidroxi&aacute;cidos em sua composi&ccedil;&atilde;o. (6) Um fato importante quanto ao Zn &eacute; que este parece exercer um efeito protetor com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; toxidez do Cd desde que em concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es adequadas. (38,39) No entanto, como cogumelos fornecem baixa energia e s&atilde;o ricos em &aacute;cido f&oacute;lico (6) essas questoes devem ser estudadas. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aos metais cujos teores encontrados estiveram abaixo dos limites de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo e equipamentos adotados neste trabalho, portanto n&atilde;o detectados (<a href="#tab4">Tabela 4</a>). algumas considera&ccedil;&otilde;es podem ser feitas quanto &agrave; RDA, ESADDI e poss&iacute;veis problemas de toxidez. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Ni, considerando-se o limite de detc&ccedil;&atilde;o a ESADDI (&lt; que 600 ug/dia) (32) e o limite como contaminante inorg&acirc;nico pode-se concluir que os cogumelos n&atilde;o representam problemas quanto a este elemento.</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dados da literatura quanto ao teor de Cr em cogumelos do genero <I>Pleurotus </I>variam de 0,0 al, 18 mg/kg (peso seco). (5, 8, 15, 16, 20, 37) O limite de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo adotado nesse trabalho foi de 1,245 mg/kg em peso seco. Portanto, valores abaixo n&atilde;o puderam ser detectados, o que significa que os cogumelos avaliados podem conter tal elemento. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A ESADDI do Cr, para adultos est&aacute; entre 50 a 200 ug. (32) Portanto pode-se concluir, considerando o limite de dctec&ccedil;&atilde;o, que os cogumelos n&atilde;o s&atilde;o t&oacute;xicos quanto ao Cr, exceto o cogumelo chileno que pode conter valores pr&oacute;ximos a 15,66 ug de Cr/l00 g de cogumelo fresco o que corresponde a cerca de 40% do limite m&iacute;nimo para ESADDI. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dados quanto ao teor de Co em cogumelos variam de 0,00 a 1,18 mg/kg em peso seco. (5,15, 20) O limite do m&eacute;todo empregado neste trabalho para o Co foi menor que 1,395 mg/ kg em peso seco (<a href="#tab4">Tabela 4</a>), o que significa que as amostras de Pleurotus avaliadas podem conter esse elemento. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao Cd, o limite do m&eacute;todo neste trabalho foi menor que 1,095 mg/kg em peso seco. Em se tratando de um metal t&oacute;xico pode-se concluir que as amostras avaliadas n&atilde;o apresentam teores igual ou acima de 1,095 mg/kg em peso seco, o que representa cogumelos contendo m&eacute;dias menores que 10,95 ug/100 g de peso fresco. Considerando que o limite m&aacute;ximo toler&aacute;vel &eacute; de 0,5 mg/semana ou aproximadamente 70 ug/dia (30) e que somente valores acima do limite de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o representariam riscos para a sa&uacute;dc, pode-se inferir que as amostras avaliadas n&atilde;o representam problemas. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quanto aos teores de Pb, o limite de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo adotado foi menor que 16,4 mg/kg em peso seco, que representa cerca de menos que 0,164 mg Pb/l00 g de cogumelos frescos. No en tanto, como o limite m&aacute;ximo tolerado &eacute; de 3mg/ semana ou 0,43 mg/dia, esse limite de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o mostra que os cogumelos avaliados podem conter Pb e desta forma contribuir com cerca de 38% do limite m&aacute;ximo permitido. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Como consequ&ecirc;ncia quando se avalia os teores m&aacute;ximos permitidos para contaminantes inorg&acirc;nicos e/ou aditivos incidentais em alimentos, relacionados &agrave; seguran&ccedil;a quanto &agrave; toxidez e considerando-se os limites de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o nesse trabalho (<a href="#tab4">Tabela 4</a>), n&atilde;o se pode afirmar que os cogumelos avaliados estejam livres da contamina&ccedil;&atilde;o por Pb e Cr.  Trabalhos subsequentes devem considerar limites de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o mais baixos para esses elementos, assim como a avalia&Aacute;&ccedil;&atilde;o da presen&ccedil;a de Hg.</P> <B>    <P>CONCLUS&Atilde;O</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Considerando os resultados obtidos nessa avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o explorat&oacute;ria pode-se concluir que os cogumelos avaliados s&atilde;o boa fonte de pot&aacute;ssio e cobre; os cogumelos conhecidos como hiratake e shimeji s&atilde;o tamb&eacute;m boa fonte de f&oacute;sforo; o cogumelo italiano apresentou-se como alimento com alto teor de ferro, contudo essa afirma&ccedil;&atilde;o depende de maiores estudos embasados numa amostragem maior, na identifica&ccedil;&atilde;o da esp&eacute;cie/linhagem e na biodisponibilidade do elemento. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Os cogumelos avaliados podem ser classificados como alimentos que «n&atilde;o cont&eacute;m s&oacute;dio» e podem ser indicados como um alimento ou condimento no realce do sabor para pacientes com hipertens&atilde;o ou outras doen&ccedil;as card&iacute;acas, onde h&aacute; restri&ccedil;&atilde;o de s&oacute;dio. </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Com rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aos metais t&oacute;xicos recomenda-se que trabalhos subsequentes investiguem a presen&ccedil;a de chumbo e cromo pois, os limites de detec&ccedil;&atilde;o do m&eacute;todo anal&iacute;tico adotado neste trabalho estiveram acima do limite m&aacute;ximo permitido como contaminante inorg&acirc;nico para esses elementos. Recomenda- se a monitora&ccedil;&atilde;o do merc&uacute;rio, n&atilde;o avaliado nesse trabalho. </P> <B>    <P>AGRADECIMENTOS</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &Agrave; Secretaria de Ci&ecirc;ncia, Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento Econ&ocirc;mico do Estado de S&atilde;o Paulo pelo suporte financeiro. </P> <B>    <P>REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS</P> </B>     <!-- ref --><p>1. Chang ST. Worldwide specialty mushrooms production. 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