<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0004-0622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ALAN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0004-0622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0004-06222000000400005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Dietas à base de arroz e feijão aumentam a atividade plasmática e hepática da gama-glutamiltranspeptidadase em ratos jovens]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vianna de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ida Maria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujimori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luciana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Enfermagem em Saude Coletiva Escola de Enfermagem]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>346</fpage>
<lpage>352</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[O efeito de dietas à base de arroz-feijão sobre a atividade plasmática e hepática da gama-glutamiltranspeptidase-GGT foi avaliado em ratos jovens (Experimento A) e adultos (Experimento B). Os animais receberam dietas isocalóricas contendo três níveis de proteína de Arroz, Feijão, Arroz-Feijão ou Caseína, durante 28 dias. Com os menores níveis distintos de proteína dietética, a atividade plasmática e hepática da GGT mostrou-se significativamente elevada em relação ao grupo controle de Caseína a 25%, assemelhando-se àquela do grupo aprotéico. Essa elevação foi mais efetiva com dietas de Feijão e Arroz-feijão em ratos jovens, evidenciando que o efeito da restrição protéica é exacerbado pela baixa disponibilidade de aminoácidos sulfurados, além de um efeito diferencial com a idade. As alterações observadas sugerem uma adaptação metabólica da GGT aos níveis inadequados de proteína e sobretudo de aminoácidos sulfurados e subsidiam a hipótese de redução no nível de glutátion com dietas à base de leguminosas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Rice and bean diets increase hepatic and plasmatic activity of gammaglutamyltranspeptidase in growing rats. The effect of feeding rice and bean diets in both hepatic and plasmatic activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-(GGT-EC 2.3.2.2) activity was evaluated in growing-rats (Experiment A) and mature rats (Experiment B). During 28 days, the animals were fed with isocaloric-diets composed by tree levels of rice, bean or rice-and-bean protein. Similarly with the aproteic group, a significant increase on both the hepatic and plasmatic GGT activity were showed with the lowest leves of protein, when compared with 25% casein control group. This rise was more effective in growing-rats fed on legume-based diets (as bean or rice-and-bean diets), making evident a differential effect of age and an exacerbated effect of the protein restriction with the lowest sulfur amino acids disposal. These alterations suggest a metabolic adaptation of GGT to both the inadequate protein and sulfur-amino acid levels, thus supporting the hypothesis that the Glutathione levels may be reduced by these legume-based diets.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gama-glutamiltranspeptidase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[deficiência protéica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[dietas de arroz-feijão]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ratos jovens]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ratos adultos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[protein deficiency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rice-bean diets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[growing-rats]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mature rats]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Dietas &agrave; base de arroz e feij&atilde;o aumentam a atividade plasm&aacute;tica e hep&aacute;tica da gama-glutamiltranspeptidadase em ratos jovens</font></P> </B><I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Ida Maria Vianna de Oliveira, Elizabeth Fujimori, Luciana da Silva</font></P> </I>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Departamento de Enfermagem em Sa&uacute;de Coletiva&nbsp;-&nbsp;Laborat&oacute;rio de Nutri&ccedil;&atilde;o, Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo, Brasil</font></P> <B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">RESUMO.&nbsp;</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">O efeito de dietas &agrave; base de arroz-feij&atilde;o sobre a atividade plasm&aacute;tica e hep&aacute;tica da gama-glutamiltranspeptidase-GGT foi avaliado em ratos jovens (<I>Experimento A</I>) e adultos (<I>Experimento B</I>).&nbsp;Os animais receberam dietas isocal&oacute;ricas contendo tr&ecirc;s n&iacute;veis de prote&iacute;na de Arroz, Feij&atilde;o, Arroz-Feij&atilde;o ou Case&iacute;na, durante 28 dias.&nbsp;Com os menores n&iacute;veis distintos de prote&iacute;na diet&eacute;tica, a atividade plasm&aacute;tica e hep&aacute;tica da GGT mostrou-se significativamente elevada em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao grupo controle de Case&iacute;na a 25%, assemelhando-se &agrave;quela do grupo aprot&eacute;ico. Essa eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o foi mais efetiva com dietas de Feij&atilde;o e Arroz-feij&atilde;o em ratos jovens, evidenciando que o efeito da restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica &eacute; exacerbado pela baixa disponibilidade de amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados, al&eacute;m de um efeito diferencial com a idade.&nbsp;As altera&ccedil;&otilde;es observadas sugerem uma adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o metab&oacute;lica da GGT aos n&iacute;veis inadequados de prote&iacute;na e sobretudo de amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados e subsidiam a hip&oacute;tese de redu&ccedil;&atilde;o no n&iacute;vel de glut&aacute;tion com dietas &agrave; base de leguminosas.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palavras chave: </font> </B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">gama-glutamiltranspeptidase; defici&ecirc;ncia prot&eacute;ica; dietas de arroz-feij&atilde;o; ratos jovens; ratos adultos.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">SUMMARY.&nbsp;</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"> </B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> Rice and bean diets increase hepatic and plasmatic activity of gammaglutamyltranspeptidase in growing rats. <B> </B></font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The effect of feeding rice and bean diets in both hepatic and plasmatic activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-(GGT-EC&nbsp;2.3.2.2) activity was evaluated in growing-rats (<I>Experiment A</I>) and mature rats (<I>Experiment B</I>). During 28 days, the animals were fed with isocaloric-diets composed by tree levels of rice, bean or rice-and-bean protein. Similarly with the aproteic group, a significant increase on both the hepatic and plasmatic GGT activity were showed with the lowest leves of protein, when compared with 25% casein control group. This rise was more effective in growing-rats fed on legume-based diets (as bean or rice-and-bean diets), making evident a differential effect of age and an exacerbated effect of the protein restriction with the lowest sulfur amino acids disposal.&nbsp; These alterations suggest a metabolic adaptation of GGT to both the inadequate protein and sulfur-amino acid levels, thus supporting the hypothesis that the Glutathione levels may be reduced by these legume-based diets.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Key words:</font></B> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; protein deficiency; rice-bean diets; growing-rats; mature rats.</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Recibido:12-09-1998</font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Aceptado:13-10-2000</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">INTRODU&Ccedil;&Atilde;O</font></P> </B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A gama-glutamiltranspeptidase ou gama-gluta-miltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2&nbsp;-&nbsp;GGT) &eacute; uma glico-prote&iacute;na, ligada &agrave; membrana, encontrada em v&aacute;rias c&eacute;lulas epiteliais, tendo sido observada pela primeira vez em 1950, por Hanes et al. (1) em extratos de rins, p&acirc;ncreas e gl&acirc;ndulas mam&aacute;rias de carneiro e purificada por Szewczuk &amp; BaranowskI (2), em 1963, a partir de homogenato de rim de boi.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Desde ent&atilde;o, muito se tem discutido sobre a fun&ccedil;&atilde;o fisiol&oacute;gica da GGT.&nbsp;&nbsp;Sabe-se que a enzima tem um papel crucial n&atilde;o s&oacute; na absor&ccedil;&atilde;o de amino&aacute;cidos de fluidos, como o filtrado glomerular, mas tamb&eacute;m no transporte intracelular de amino&aacute;cidos de fluidos extracelulares em geral (3, 4 ).&nbsp;&nbsp;Sua fun&ccedil;&atilde;o est&aacute; integrada &agrave; de outra enzimas, formando um ciclo de eventos qu&iacute;micos, que envolve todos os amino&aacute;cidos de prote&iacute;nas, chamado por Meister et al (3) de "ciclo &#103; -glutamil".</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A GGT cataliza a rea&ccedil;&atilde;o de grupos glutamil (que servem de carregadores), entre os quais o glut&aacute;tion (g&nbsp;glutamil- cisteinil-glicina&nbsp;-&nbsp;GSH), com qualquer dos in&uacute;meros amino&aacute;cidos, possibilitando seu transporte atrav&eacute;s da membrana celular (3, 5).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Est&aacute;, ainda, envolvida na degrada&ccedil;&atilde;o de glut&aacute;tion podendo torn&aacute;-lo dispon&iacute;vel como fonte de cisteina para a s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica (3, 6) sobretudo de albumina (7).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Uma r&aacute;pida diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o do GSH hep&aacute;tico de ratos durante per&iacute;odos de jejum e sua eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o ap&oacute;s a realimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o, tem sido descritos (8).&nbsp;&nbsp;A altera&ccedil;&atilde;o no n&iacute;vel de glut&aacute;tion, usualmente precede a da atividade da GGT.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tateishi et al (8) relatam que na recupera&ccedil;&atilde;o de ratos ap&oacute;s jejum, o aumento do glut&aacute;tion foi acompanhado por uma diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o na atividade da GGT e o decl&iacute;nio por uma subsequente eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o na atividade enzim&aacute;tica.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Evid&ecirc;ncias do papel desempenhado pela GGT na mobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o de cisteina do "pool" l&aacute;bil (de menor meia-vida) de glut&aacute;tion no f&iacute;gado foram obtidas por Tateishi et al (8, 9).&nbsp;&nbsp;Tais evid&ecirc;ncias justificam o significativo aumento na atividade de GGT plasm&aacute;tica e hep&aacute;tica de ratos em crescimento, submetidos &agrave; restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica por n&oacute;s encontrado (10).&nbsp;&nbsp;As mudan&ccedil;as constatadas na atividade da enzima refletem sua participa&ccedil;&atilde;o em mecanismos fisiol&oacute;gicos de adapta&ccedil;&atilde;o ao baixo suprimento ex&oacute;geno de prote&iacute;na, talvez mantendo os n&iacute;veis de prote&iacute;nas plasm&aacute;ticas e prevenindo a hipoalbuminemia.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Resultados de Antener et al, tamb&eacute;m mostram maior atividade da GGT em crian&ccedil;as e adultos desnutridos em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aos normais ou aos recuperados (11- 13).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Entretanto, o significado nutricional e o contexto metab&oacute;lico do envolvimento da GGT, sobretudo em rea&ccedil;&otilde;es adaptativas do organismo &agrave; situa&ccedil;&otilde;es diversas, tal como desnutri&ccedil;&atilde;o, n&atilde;o est&atilde;o claramente estabelecidos.</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Tamb&eacute;m se desconhece o grau de comprometimento na atividade da GGT em conseq&uuml;&ecirc;ncia da inadequa&ccedil;&atilde;o de consumo, sobretudo de dietas a base de leguminosas, como o feij&atilde;o.&nbsp;&nbsp;Considerando que o arroz e o feij&atilde;o constituem a alimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o b&aacute;sica do brasileiro (14), inclusive das crian&ccedil;as maiores de um ano, pretendeu-se atrav&eacute;s deste trabalho verificar em ratos albinos quais as altera&ccedil;&otilde;es na atividade da GGT com a desnutri&ccedil;&atilde;o cal&oacute;rico-prot&eacute;ica induzida por dietas a base de feij&atilde;o e arroz durante o processo de crescimento e durante a maturidade.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">MATERIAL E M&Eacute;TODOS</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Animais e tratamento</font></B> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Para os experimentos foram utilizados um total de 224 ratos (Rattus Norvegicus var. albinus, Rodentia, Mammalia), da linhagem Wistar, obtidos a partir de col&ocirc;nias mantidas no biot&eacute;rio do Laborat&oacute;rio de Nutri&ccedil;&atilde;o, do Departamento de Enfermagem em Sa&uacute;de Coletiva da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de S&atilde;o Paulo.</font> </P> <B><I>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Experimento A&nbsp;</font></I></B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-&nbsp;&nbsp;Foram utilizados 112 animais desmamados com 21 dias de idade e pesando 42,8 ± 1,93&nbsp;g no in&iacute;cio da experi&ecirc;ncia.</font> </P> <B><I>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Experimento B&nbsp;</font></I></B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-&nbsp;&nbsp;Cerca de 130 animais rec&eacute;m-desmamados e de mesma idade foram mantidos durante 8 meses nas mesmas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es de dieta e ambientais at&eacute; atingirem a faixa et&aacute;ria requerida &agrave; experimenta&ccedil;&atilde;o (80-100% de maturidade).&nbsp;&nbsp;No in&iacute;cio da experi&ecirc;ncia o peso m&eacute;dio dos animais selecionados foi de 321,0 ± 23,83&nbsp;g e a idade m&eacute;dia foi de 275 dias (aproximadamente 9 meses).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Em cada experimento, os animais foram distribu&iacute;dos aleatoriamente em cinco lotes correspondendo &agrave;s diferentes dietas e constituindo um total de doze grupos experimentais e dois controles, com 8 ratos em cada, em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o das diferentes concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es prot&eacute;icas na dieta: Arroz a 3%, 5% e 7%; Feij&atilde;o a 5%, 7% e 9%; Arroz-Feij&atilde;o a 3%, 5% e 7%; Case&iacute;na a 3%, 5% e 7% (para ratos jovens) e a 1%, 3% e 5% para os adultos e Controles incluindo dieta aprot&eacute;ica mais dieta de Case&iacute;na a 25%.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Todos os animais foram alojados individualmente, em gaiolas metab&oacute;licas de zinco galvanizado, com acesso &agrave; &aacute;gua e alimento "ad libitum" em ambiente com umidade (60%) e temperatura (23-25°C) e ciclo claro-escuro (12h) controlados.&nbsp;&nbsp;Durante o per&iacute;odo experimental, o consumo de ra&ccedil;&atilde;o foi determinado a cada dois dias, sendo o controle de peso de cada animal feito semanalmente.</font> </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Composi&ccedil;&atilde;o e preparo das dietas&nbsp;</font></B> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">As diferentes dietas experimentais utilizadas foram preparadas a partir de farinhas obtidas dos gr&atilde;os ap&oacute;s macera&ccedil;&atilde;o (Arroz 1:2 P/V por 50min; Feij&atilde;o 1:3 P/V por 16h), autoclavagem (121°C, a 1 atm, por 15min e 30min, respectivamente para o Arroz e o Feij&atilde;o), secagem (60°C at&eacute; peso constante) e moagem (tamiz 0,297mm de abertura).&nbsp;&nbsp;A mistura de Arroz e Feij&atilde;o foi baseada na propor&ccedil;&atilde;o usualmente consumida na regi&atilde;o nordeste do Brasil, 45 e 55% respectivamente (14).&nbsp;&nbsp;Todas as farinhas foram analisadas quanto ao teor de nitrog&ecirc;nio.&nbsp;&nbsp;Na dieta Controle a prote&iacute;na padr&atilde;o usada foi a case&iacute;na.</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">As dietas isocal&oacute;ricas foram preparadas a partir de uma dieta basal aprot&eacute;ica cujos constituintes foram: 8% de l&iacute;pides (&oacute;leo de soja); 4% de minerais (15); 1% de vitaminas (15); 1% de fibra; e glic&iacute;dios, representantados por 10% de sacarose e amido (q.sp).&nbsp;&nbsp;A adi&ccedil;&atilde;o de prote&iacute;na em quantidade adequada para obten&ccedil;&atilde;o das concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es planejadas, foi feita substituindo o amido na dieta.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">As formula&ccedil;&otilde;es granuladas foram conservadas em embalagem de polietileno a 3ºC durante o decorrer do per&iacute;odo experimental e submetidas &agrave; an&aacute;lise de nitrog&ecirc;nio.</font> </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Obten&ccedil;&atilde;o do material de ensaio&nbsp;</font></B> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Decorridos 28 dias do in&iacute;cio da experi&ecirc;ncia e ap&oacute;s jejum de 12 horas, os animais foram sacrificados (entre 10:00-12:00 h.AM), por decapita&ccedil;&atilde;o, sob suave anestesia com &eacute;ter et&iacute;lico.&nbsp;&nbsp;Imediatamente ap&oacute;s o sacrif&iacute;cio, foi feita a remo&ccedil;&atilde;o dos f&iacute;gados seguida de lavagem em solu&ccedil;&atilde;o fisiol&oacute;gica, pesagem e transfer&ecirc;ncia para nitrog&ecirc;nio l&iacute;quido.&nbsp;&nbsp;A m&eacute;dia de tempo, entre a laparotomia e o congelamento, foi de aproximadamente 2 minutos.&nbsp;&nbsp;O congelamento foi prolongado at&eacute; as an&aacute;lises (temperatura m&eacute;dia de -18º C).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">O sangue foi coletado em tubos heparinizados, e centrifugado, sob refrigera&ccedil;&atilde;o, por 20 minutos a 2.000 rpm.&nbsp;&nbsp;No plasma, mantido a 4ºC, procedeu-se no prazo de 24 horas, &agrave;s an&aacute;lises enzim&aacute;ticas.&nbsp;&nbsp;Foi, posteriormente, armazenado a -18ºC.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">An&aacute;lises Bioqu&iacute;micas</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">O total de prote&iacute;na foi dosado, pelo m&eacute;todo de Lowry et al (16), com soro-albumina de boi cristalizada como padr&atilde;o, no plasma dilu&iacute;do (1v/v%) e no homogenato integral de f&iacute;gado (20 mg/ml de sacarose 0,3 M).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A determina&ccedil;&atilde;o da albumina plasm&aacute;tica foi feita atrav&eacute;s da t&eacute;cnica sugerida por Debro et al (17).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A atividade da gama-glutamiltranspeptidase foi medida, diretamente no plasma e no homogenato de f&iacute;gado, atrav&eacute;s da libera&ccedil;&atilde;o de p-nitroanilina, na presen&ccedil;a de glicilglicina como aceptor do grupo glutamil, conforme o indicado por Szasz et al (18).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">O plasma (0,1 ml) ou a solu&ccedil;&atilde;o de enzima (0,1 ml de homogenato a 1,7 ou 3,3 g%) foram adicionados &agrave; solu&ccedil;&atilde;o de substrato (1,0 ml) consistindo de: 50 nmol de tamp&atilde;o tris/pH 8,25; 2 nmol de L-g-glutamil-3-carboxi-4-nitroanilida; 50 nmol de glicilglicina na mistura de ensaio.&nbsp;&nbsp;Utilizou-se "Kits" Merck para obten&ccedil;&atilde;o do substrato nas condi&ccedil;&otilde;es referidas.</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Para o plasma, a atividade foi dada em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da varia&ccedil;&atilde;o na absorb&acirc;ncia por minuto (durante 5 minutos), ap&oacute;s incuba&ccedil;&atilde;o por 2 minutos.&nbsp;&nbsp;As leituras foram efetuadas em espectrofot&ocirc;metro acoplado &agrave; banho de incuba&ccedil;&atilde;o regulado &agrave; 37ºc (</font><font face="Symbol" size="3">l</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">= 405 nm).&nbsp;&nbsp;Os dados foram corrigidos considerando-se a hidr&oacute;lise espont&acirc;nea do substrato que foi 0,5 U/L no <I>Experimento A</I> e de 0,3 U/L no <I>Experimento B.</I> </font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Para as an&aacute;lises nos f&iacute;gados a incuba&ccedil;&atilde;o foi feita a 37ºC, durante 45 minutos, sendo o t&eacute;rmino da rea&ccedil;&atilde;o obtido pela adi&ccedil;&atilde;o de 4 ml de &aacute;cido ac&eacute;tico 1,1 N.&nbsp;&nbsp;A mistura foi centrifugada a 2.000 rpm por 10 minutos, determinando- se a quantidade de p- nitroanilina formada, espectrofotome-tricamente &agrave; 405 nm, de acordo com a metodologia proposta por por Persijn et al (19).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">An&aacute;lise estat&iacute;stica&nbsp;</font></B> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e Regress&atilde;o Linear, sendo a signific&acirc;ncia dos Teste <I>F</I> e de <I>Tukey </I>verificada ao n&iacute;vel de 5%.</font> </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">RESULTADOS</font></P> </B>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Conforme o esperado, a varia&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal observada na <a href="#tab1">Tabela 1</a>, sobretudo para animais em crescimento, foi determinada por mudan&ccedil;as tanto qualitativas quanto quantitativas da prote&iacute;na ingerida, uma vez que o peso inicial dos animais dos diferentes lotes e grupos se apresentou homog&ecirc;neo (<I>P</I>&gt;0,05).&nbsp;&nbsp;O aumento do peso foi proporcional ao teor prot&eacute;ico da dieta para todos os grupos.&nbsp;&nbsp;No entanto, s&oacute; se mostrou significativo, entre os 3 n&iacute;veis de prote&iacute;na utilizados, para animais em crescimento consumindo prote&iacute;nas com maior efici&ecirc;ncia de utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o (Caseina e Arroz).&nbsp;&nbsp;Para o grupo alimentado com Arroz-Feij&atilde;o encontrou-se diferen&ccedil;a significativa apenas entre n&iacute;veis extremos de consumo, e para o alimentado com Feij&atilde;o n&atilde;o houve diferen&ccedil;a significativa entre os n&iacute;veis.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="tab1"></a><b>TABELA&nbsp;1</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Varia&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal e consumo de alimento e prote&iacute;na de ratos jovens e adultos*</font></P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=528> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=9>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">                                                                    <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">                                                                    Consumo (g/dia)</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Dieta</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Varia&ccedil;&atilde;o Ponderal</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">(g/dia)†</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="30%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=3>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Alimento</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Prote&iacute;na</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">%</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">adultos</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">adultos</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Adultos</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,06 <U>+</U> 0,06 <SUP>ef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,18 <U>+</U> 0,26<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,4 <U>+</U> 0,9<SUP> fg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">15,8 <U>+</U> 1,0<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,15 <U>+</U> 0,03<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,56 <U>+</U> 0,07</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> b</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,38 <U>+</U> 0,04 <SUP>d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,26 <U>+</U> 0,44<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,7 <U>+</U> 0,2<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,7 <U>+</U> 1,1<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,32 <U>+</U> 0,01<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,73 <U>+</U> 0,11<SUP> bd</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,03 <U>+</U> 0,12<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,44 <U>+</U> 0,17<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,2 <U>+</U> 1,1<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">15,0 <U>+</U> 0,7<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,60 <U>+</U> 0,08<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,05 <U>+</U> 0,09<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,14 <U>+</U> 0,06<SUP> ef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-1,40 <U>+</U> 0,57<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,7 <U>+</U> 0,3<SUP> fg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12,9 <U>+</U> 0,8<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,27 <U>+</U> 0,02<SUP> e</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,70 <U>+</U> 0,07<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,06 <U>+</U> 0,09<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,36 <U>+</U> 0,20<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,6 <U>+</U> 1,2<SUP> fg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,5 <U>+</U> 1,2<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,37 <U>+</U> 0,09<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,05 <U>+</U> 1,17<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,23 <U>+</U> 0,22<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,28 <U>+</U> 0,17<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,9 <U>+</U> 1,2<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">13,3 <U>+</U> 0,6<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,58 <U>+</U> 0,11<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,24 <U>+</U> 0,09 <SUP>c</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,16 <U>+</U> 0,07<SUP> ef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,75 <U>+</U> 0,22<SUP> cde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,0 <U>+</U> 0,3<SUP> fg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">15,4 <U>+</U> 2,2<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,15 <U>+</U> 0,01<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,51 <U>+</U> 0,12<SUP> bf</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz-Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,14 <U>+</U> 0,17<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,12 <U>+</U> 0,23<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,4 <U>+</U> 0,4<SUP> defg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">15,2 <U>+</U> 0,6<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,33 <U>+</U> 0,02<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,93 <U>+</U> 0,06</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> d</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,01 <U>+</U> 0,10<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,16 <U>+</U> 0,14<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,8 <U>+</U> 0,6<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,7 <U>+</U> 0,9<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,66 <U>+</U> 0,05<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,23 <U>+</U> 0,13<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3/1</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,08 <U>+</U> 0,07<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-1,39 <U>+ </U>0,12<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,2 <U>+</U> 1,0<SUP> efg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">11,9 <U>+</U> 1,0<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,19 <U>+ </U>0,04<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,21 <U>+</U> 0,03<SUP> e</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5/3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,90 <U>+</U> 0,24<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,61 <U>+</U> 0,18<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,1 <U>+</U> 0,8<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,0 <U>+</U> 1,1<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,39 <U>+ </U>0,04<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,50 <U>+</U> 0,06<SUP> f</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7/5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,84 <U>+</U> 0,28<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,10 <U>+</U> 0,27<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,5 <U>+</U> 0,5<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,3 <U>+</U> 1,4<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,60 <U>+</U> 0,04<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,64 <U>+</U> 0,10</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> bf</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">25</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,63 <U>+</U> 0,39<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,76 <U>+</U> 0,18<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9,7 <U>+</U> 0,8<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,3 <U>+</U> 0,3<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,70 <U>+</U> 0,24<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,00 <U>+</U> 0,35</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> a</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="10%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Aprot&eacute;ica</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="6%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-0,38 <U>+</U> 0,07<SUP> f</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="16%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-1,81 <U>+</U> 0,18<SUP> e</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,8 <U>+</U> 0,3<SUP> g</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12,3 <U>+</U> 1,3<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,05 <U>+</U> 0,00<SUP> f</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="14%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,07 <U>+</U> 0,01</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> g</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">*&nbsp;M&eacute;dia ± Desvio Padr&atilde;o (n=8). M&eacute;dias, na mesma coluna, seguidas de letras iguais, n&atilde;o diferem significativamente (<I>P&nbsp;</I>&gt;&nbsp;0,05).</font> </P> <SUP>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">†</font></font></SUP><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; Peso inicial dos animais: jovens 42,8 ± 1,93&nbsp;g/ adultos 321,0 ± 23,83&nbsp;g.</font> </P> </DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Nos animais adultos, o efeito do teor prot&eacute;ico s&oacute; foi significativo entre os grupos consumindo Caseina em n&iacute;veis extremos.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">O maior aumento ponderal foi obtido com o consumo de Caseina a 25%, que foi significativo em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o aos demais grupos, tanto para jovens como adultos.&nbsp;&nbsp;As maiores perdas de peso foram determinadas, principalmente, pelo consumo dos n&iacute;veis mais baixos de dietas a base de Feij&atilde;o (5% e 7%) e Arroz-Feij&atilde;o (3%) apresentando-se semelhantes &agrave; perda ocasionada pela ingest&atilde;o de dieta aprot&eacute;ica.&nbsp;&nbsp;Tamb&eacute;m, os animais adultos submetidos a dietas de Case&iacute;na a 1% e a 3%, perderam tanto peso quanto os do grupo sem prote&iacute;na, mas sem diferen&ccedil;as significativas (<I>P</I>&gt;0,05).</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A ingest&atilde;o de prote&iacute;na, associada diretamente ao consumo de alimento, se mostrou, tanto quanto este, proporcional &agrave; concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de prote&iacute;na na dieta nos animais em crescimento (<I>r&nbsp;</I>=&nbsp;0,781 ± 0,12).&nbsp;&nbsp;Os animais adultos n&atilde;o apresentaram diferen&ccedil;as no consumo de alimento mas apenas no consumo prot&eacute;ico.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Os resultados de prote&iacute;na e albumina plasm&aacute;ticas (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>) acompanharam os relatados para a varia&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal ou seja, nos animais em crescimento a restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica (n&iacute;veis mais baixos de prote&iacute;na) diminuiu significativamente esses par&acirc;metros bioqu&iacute;micos (50% e 90% respectivamente).&nbsp; &nbsp;Entretanto, mesmo nos n&iacute;veis mais altos de prote&iacute;na a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o foi de apenas 30-50% da albumina e 60-80% da prote&iacute;na do grupo controle (Case&iacute;na 25%).&nbsp;&nbsp;Avaliando o efeito da qualidade prot&eacute;ica em n&iacute;veis diet&eacute;ticos em torno de 7%, observou-se teores significativamente mais elevados de albumina para a Case&iacute;na quando comparada &agrave;s demais fontes.&nbsp;&nbsp;Verificou-se uma menor diferencia&ccedil;&atilde;o qualitativa das prote&iacute;nas conforme se reduziu a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o na dieta, possivelmente em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da maior variabilidade das respostas nos n&iacute;veis mais baixos.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="tab2"></a><b>TABELA&nbsp;2</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Prote&iacute;na total, albumina e atividade da GGT no plasma de ratos jovens e adultos*</font></P>     <div align="center">       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=523> <TR><TD WIDTH="115" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Dieta</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="164" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Prote&iacute;na total (mg/ml)†</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="131" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Albumina (mg/ml)</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="120" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">GGT (mu/ml)</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">%</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">adultos</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">adultos</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Adultos</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=1>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"></P> </FONT>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">48,55 ± 8,04<SUP>f</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">115,52 ± 11,77<SUP> ghi</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,39 ± 1,40<SUP> h</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">35,65 ± 9,38<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,76 ± 0,67<SUP> abcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,78 ± 0,75<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">69,14 ± 17,20<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">119,97 ± 20,97<SUP> fgh</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">10,33 ± 3,41<SUP> cde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">58,43 ± 9,26<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,40 ± 0,35<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,52 ± 0,96<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">96,60 ± 32,41<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">129,42 ± 16,71<SUP> efgh</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">13,12 ± 4,17<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">61,29 ± 16,67<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,56 ± 0,72<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,06 ± 0,60<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">59,98 ± 12,19<SUP> def</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">164,42 ± 8,87<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,24 ± 1,89 <SUP>gh</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">33,03 ± 6,95<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,18 ± 1,40<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,40 ± 0,68 <SUP>bc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">68,48 ± 20,62<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">208,76 ± 13,74<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">11,38 ± 5,55<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">29,55 ± 7,20<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,15 ± 1,74<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,30 ± 0,74</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> abc</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">71,53 ± 7,71<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">195,69 ± 19,55<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">13,35 ± 2,48<SUP> cd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">32,63 ± 7,31<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,45 ± 1,16<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,81 ± 0,60<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">55,03 ± 5,41<SUP> ef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">143,71 ± 6,36<SUP> cdef</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,00 ± 1,85<SUP> fgh</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">16,53 ± 5,76<SUP> e</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,12 ± 0,99<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,97 ± 0,74<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz-Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">63,62 ± 9,87<SUP> def</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">169,96 ± 16,54<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,12 ± 2,16<SUP> efgh</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">20,54 ± 7,34<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,85 ± 0,96<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,21 ± 0,64<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">78,15 ± 7,46<SUP> bcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">138,99 ± 16,73<SUP> defg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,34 ± 1,73<SUP> defg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">22,27 ± 3,23<SUP> cde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,83 ± 0,95<SUP> abcd</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,02 ± 0,88<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3/1</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">59,87 ± 4,46<SUP> def</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">113,85 ± 8,87<SUP> fghi</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,22 ± 3,57<SUP> defg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">29,93 ± 5,12<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,87 ± 0,64<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,01 ± 0,58<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5/3</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">75,47 ± 5,75<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">135,36 ± 19,38<SUP> defg</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14,43 ± 1,48<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">37,18 ± 9,62<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,79 ± 0,67<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,89 ± 0,80<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7/5</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">87,62 ± 16,00<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">158,11 ± 14,88<SUP> cde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">22,44 ± 4,03<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">39,32 ± 10,00<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,07 ± 0,67<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,37 ± 1,49<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">25</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">115,62 ± 9,45<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">84,03 ± 37,64<SUP> i</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">38,44 ± 6,98<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">27,84 ± 8,30<SUP> bcde</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,60 ± 0,50<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,76 ± 0,50</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> abc</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="80" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Aprot&eacute;ica</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-</font></B></TD> <TD WIDTH="79" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">21,93 ± 2,85<SUP> g</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="73" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">103,63 ± 12,71<SUP> hi</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,24 ± 1,01<SUP> h</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="60" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">18,70 ± 4,54<SUP> de</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="59" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,83 ±1,39<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="49" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,90 ± 0,38<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> </TR> </TABLE>    </center> </div>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">*&nbsp;M&eacute;dia ± Desvio Padr&atilde;o (n=8). M&eacute;dias, na mesma coluna, seguidas de letras iguais, n&atilde;o diferem significativamente (<I>P&nbsp;</I>&gt;&nbsp;0,05).</font> </P> <SUP>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman">†</font></font></SUP><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp; mU/ml = mmoles de p-nitroanilina liberada/min/ml de plasma</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Ratos adultos mostraram respostas menos acentuadas que os mais jovens, quando alimentados com as mesmas fontes prot&eacute;icas.&nbsp;&nbsp;A concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de albumina plasm&aacute;tica s&oacute; se apresentou significativa entre os n&iacute;veis extremos de prote&iacute;na para os grupos que consumiram Arroz, que tamb&eacute;m mostraram os valores mais elevados, e juntamente com os grupos submetidos &agrave; Case&iacute;na a 3% e a 5%, diferiram do grupo aprot&eacute;ico (<I>P</I>&lt;0,05).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; prote&iacute;na hep&aacute;tica de ratos em crescimento (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>), embora tenha ocorrido redu&ccedil;&otilde;es proporcionais aos n&iacute;veis de ingest&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica, elas n&atilde;o foram significativas.&nbsp;&nbsp;Nos animais adultos a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de prote&iacute;na hep&aacute;tica se apresentou significativamente reduzida em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; Case&iacute;na 25% para os que se alimentaram com dietas de Arroz-Feij&atilde;o a 3% e Case&iacute;na a 1%.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Nesse estudo, o efeito mais evidente da qualidade inferior de dietas deficientes em amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados, como aquelas &agrave; base de Feij&atilde;o e Arroz-Feij&atilde;o, foi observado na atividade da GGT de ratos em crescimento.&nbsp;&nbsp;Pelos resultados, se constata um aumento significativo na atividade da enzima, tanto no plasma (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>) como no f&iacute;gado (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>) de animais jovens alimentados com Feij&atilde;o em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;s outras dietas.&nbsp;&nbsp;Todos os grupos de ratos jovens sob dieta de Feij&atilde;o (5%, 7% e 9%) e os grupos consumindo Arroz-feij&atilde;o a 3% e a 5% apresentaram significativa eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o na GGT em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o ao grupo controle (<I>P</I>&lt;0,05), se assemelhando ao grupo aprot&eacute;ico.&nbsp;&nbsp;Foi, ainda, significativamente mais elevada em ratos consumindo Feij&atilde;o 5% e 7% do que nos submetidos a Arroz em qualquer n&iacute;vel, a Case&iacute;na 5% e 7%, e at&eacute; nos submetidos a dietas de Arroz-feij&atilde;o 7%.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="tab3"></a><b>TABELA&nbsp;3</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Peso e prote&iacute;na total do f&iacute;gado de ratos jovens e adultos*</font></P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=480> <TR><TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Dieta</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="35%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Peso total (g)</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="43%" VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Prote&iacute;na total (mg/g de f&iacute;gado)</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">%</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">adultos</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">jovens</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Adultos</font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,36 ± 0,17<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,15 ± 0,28<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">268, 76 ± 24,44<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">196,31 ± 18,54<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,22 ± 0,36<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,18 ± 1,36<SUP> ac</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">276,96 ± 76,19<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">201,88 ± 20,06<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,94 ± 0,45<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,50 ± 0,26<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">282,30 ± 56,86<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">222,82 ± 10,38<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,64 ± 0,55<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,90 ± 0,96<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">336,52 ± 24,93<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">217,70 ± 12,34<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,85 ± 0,50 <SUP>b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,18 ± 0,81<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">314,68 ± 49,21<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">231,79 ± 19,93</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> a</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,25 ± 0,63<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,35 ± 1,02<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">368,38 ± 37,78<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">232,65 ± 13,50</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> a</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,56 ± 0,16<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,12 ± 0,84<SUP> b</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">301,91 ± 31,26<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">166,41 ± 14,93<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Arroz-Feij&atilde;o</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1,98 ± 0,51<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,69 ± 0,71<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">292,00 ± 16,77<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">203,16 ± 18,27<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,57 ± 0,49<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,09 ±1,37<SUP> ac</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">326,39 ± 26,80<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">215,55 ± 35,44<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3/1</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,00 ± 0,30<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,14 ± 1,62<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">238,99 ± 41,89<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">162,57 ± 24,04<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5/3</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2,58 ± 0,34<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,93 ± 0,82<SUP> ab</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">247,97 ± 38,67<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">213,85 ± 11,04<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7/5</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3,18 ± 0,39<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,97 ± 0,98<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">253,56 ± 8,53<SUP> bc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">233,93 ± 16,12</font><SUP> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> a</font> </SUP></P>   </TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Caseina</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">25</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,77 ± 0,93<SUP> d</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9,33 ± 1,40<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">323,94 ± 37,61<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">243,76 ± 30,41<SUP> a</SUP></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="15%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Aprot&eacute;ica</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="8%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">-</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">0,93 ± 0,16<SUP> e</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="18%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7,15 ± 0,77<SUP> abc</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="20%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">223,56 ± 55,95<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">158,18 ± 17,52<SUP> c</SUP></font></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER>      <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">* M&eacute;dia ± Desvio Padr&atilde;o (n=8). M&eacute;dias, na mesma coluna, seguidas de letras iguais, n&atilde;o diferem significativamente (<I>P&nbsp;</I>&gt;&nbsp;0,05).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b><a name="fig1"></a>FIGURA 1</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Efeito da prote&iacute;na na atividade hep&aacute;tica</font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">da gama-glutamiltranspeptidase em f&iacute;gado</font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">de ratos jovens e adultos</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/alan/v50n4/art05img1.gif" align="center" width="521" height="598"></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">*Considerando, separadamente, ratos jovens e adultos, m&eacute;dias seguidas de letras iguais, n&atilde;o diferem significativamente (<I>P&nbsp;</I>&gt;&nbsp;0,05).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">** mU/ml = mmoles de p-nitroanilina liberada/min/ml de plasma.</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A atividade da GGT foi menos sens&iacute;vel a varia&ccedil;&otilde;es diet&eacute;ticas nos grupos de ratos adultos notando-se diferen&ccedil;a significativa da atividade enzim&aacute;tica apenas no f&iacute;gado dos ratos que consumiram Feij&atilde;o a 9% em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave;queles que se alimentaram com Case&iacute;na 3% e 25% (<I>P</I>&lt;0,05).&nbsp;&nbsp;Nos animais adultos, submetidos a dietas com os menores n&iacute;veis de prote&iacute;na (Arroz-Feij&atilde;o 3%, Case&iacute;na 1%, Arroz 5% ou mesmo Feij&atilde;o 5%) a atividade plasm&aacute;tica da enzima - embora semelhante a dos animais que receberam dieta aprot&eacute;ica - n&atilde;o diferiu significativamente da apresentada pelo grupo controle, alimentado com Case&iacute;na 25%.&nbsp;&nbsp;As altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hep&aacute;ticas mostraram que entre os animais adultos, somente o grupo alimentado com dieta de Feij&atilde;o a 9% mostrou eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o significativa na GGT, similar a do grupo aprot&eacute;ico e maior que a do grupo controle.&nbsp;&nbsp;Assim, em ratos adultos, o estresse da restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica produziu menores altera&ccedil;&otilde;es na atividade tanto plasm&aacute;tica quanto hep&aacute;tica da enzima.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Portanto, parece haver um efeito aditivo da baixa qualidade (representada pela limita&ccedil;&atilde;o da prote&iacute;na em amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados) e da restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica, j&aacute; que apenas a restri&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica, representada pelo consumo de Arroz 3%, 5% e 7% e mesmo Case&iacute;na 3%, 5% e 7% n&atilde;o resultou em diferen&ccedil;as significativas na enzima em f&iacute;gado de ratos jovens em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o &agrave; Caseina 25%.&nbsp;</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">DISCUSS&Atilde;O</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Os resultados evidenciaram, assim, n&atilde;o s&oacute; a capacidade de modula&ccedil;&atilde;o da GGT ao responder a dietas limitantes em amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados, mas tamb&eacute;m o efeito diferencial dessas dietas sobre a atividade da enzima, em fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da idade do animal.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">As altera&ccedil;&otilde;es observadas parecem justificar-se quando se considera o papel que a GGT desempenha no metabolismo do GSH, n&atilde;o s&oacute; pelo seu envolvimento na s&iacute;ntese e degrada&ccedil;&atilde;o do tripept&iacute;deo, mas sobretudo por ser a &uacute;nica enzima a torn&aacute;-lo dispon&iacute;vel como fonte de ciste&iacute;na para a s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica (6, 7, 20), sobretudo de albumina (7).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Os resultados obtidos por Tateishi et al (6-8) levaram os autores a pressupor que, tanto a quantidade como a qualidade da prote&iacute;na, podem determinar o n&iacute;vel necess&aacute;rio de mobiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o de ciste&iacute;na, e assim a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de GSH e a atividade da GGT.&nbsp;&nbsp;Pode-se inferir desses resultados que prote&iacute;nas nutricionalmente completas&nbsp;-&nbsp;n&atilde;o requerendo ciste&iacute;na end&oacute;gena para s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica&nbsp;-&nbsp;manteriam os n&iacute;veis normais de GSH e a atividade da GGT;&nbsp;&nbsp;a inadequa&ccedil;&atilde;o prot&eacute;ica quali e/ou quantitativa, ao contr&aacute;rio poderia induzir ao catabolismo do GSH pela GGT, para prover a ciste&iacute;na adicional necess&aacute;ria.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Com a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o de amino&aacute;cidos sulfurados, os n&iacute;veis hep&aacute;ticos de GSH podem ser normalizados ou at&eacute; mesmo superar os obtidos com dietas qualitativamente adequadas (case&iacute;na), conforme o constatado com ratos em jejum (6) ou submetidos a dietas &agrave; base de arroz-feij&atilde;o (21).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Adicionalmente, tem-se demonstrado que a defici&ecirc;ncia de sulfurados na dieta pode induzir &agrave; infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o gordurosa no f&iacute;gado (22) e aumentar os n&iacute;veis de l&iacute;pides concomitantemente a altera&ccedil;&otilde;es do GSH (23) ou, ainda, resultar em eleva&ccedil;&atilde;o na atividade hep&aacute;tica da gama-glutamiltranspeptidase (21).&nbsp;&nbsp;</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Est&aacute; estabelecido h&aacute; d&eacute;cadas, que o padr&atilde;o de s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica no f&iacute;gado (incluindo a s&iacute;ntese de albumina) e a extens&atilde;o com que a disponibilidade de prote&iacute;na e amino&aacute;cidos o afetam depende do est&aacute;gio de desenvolvimento do animal (24), sendo os requisitos de amino&aacute;cidos uma fun&ccedil;&atilde;o da idade (25).&nbsp;&nbsp;Tais desigualdades na s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica, e portanto na necessidade de substrato, poderiam justificar o diferente comportamento da GGT verificado em ratos jovens e adultos e sugerem um efeito diferencial no conte&uacute;do de GSH.&nbsp;&nbsp;Richie et al (26) observaram maiores aumentos (164%) nos n&iacute;veis s&eacute;ricos de GSH, com simult&acirc;nea redu&ccedil;&atilde;o no n&iacute;vel do tiol hep&aacute;tico, em ratos velhos submetidos &agrave; restri&ccedil;&atilde;o cr&ocirc;nica de metionina em rela&ccedil;&atilde;o a ratos maduros mais jovens (81%).&nbsp;&nbsp;Os autores consideraram esse aumento do GSH o respons&aacute;vel pela maior longevidade constatada nos animais.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">A verdade &eacute; que, maximizando a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de GSH poder-se-ia aumentar a capacidade de defesa do organismo contra muitas drogas e outros compostos estranhos ao organismo.&nbsp;&nbsp;A deple&ccedil;&atilde;o do GSH com dietil maleato aumenta a toxicidade de v&aacute;rios xenobi&oacute;ticos (27,28), enquanto um pr&eacute;-tratamento com metionina, N-acetilciste&iacute;na or ciste&iacute;na, precursores para a s&iacute;ntese GSH, reduz sua toxicidade (29).</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Uma menor altera&ccedil;&atilde;o na atividade da GGT em animais mais velhos, como a observada no presente estudo, poderia ser uma das hip&oacute;tese explicativas para a manuten&ccedil;&atilde;o de n&iacute;veis mais elevados de GSH em ratos velhos conforme os verificados por Richie et al (26).&nbsp;&nbsp;A maior disponibilidade de GSH, poderia resultar em menor susceptibilidade ao estresse oxidativo e aos danos a ele associados como peroxida&ccedil;&atilde;o lip&iacute;dica e toxicidade de xenobi&oacute;ticos, o que certamente se relaciona a aumento na vida m&eacute;dia.&nbsp;&nbsp;Ao contr&aacute;rio, dietas restritas em sulfurados levando &agrave; deple&ccedil;&atilde;o de GSH, poderiam determinar nos animais jovens, maior vulnerabilidade ao estresse oxidativo e ao desgaste representado por xenobi&oacute;ticos, processos inflamat&oacute;rios (30), carcinog&ecirc;nicos e aterog&ecirc;nicos (31,32).&nbsp;&nbsp;Estas hip&oacute;teses, entretanto, necessitam ser testadas.</font> </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">REFER&Ecirc;NCIAS</font></P> </B>      <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1. <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Hanes CS, Hird FJR. 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