<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0004-0622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch Latinoam Nutr]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0004-0622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0004-06222023000600047</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37527/2023.73.s2.006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ultra-processed food consumption and nutritional status in Uruguayan and Brazilian children between three to five years]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y estado nutricional en niños de tres a cinco años uruguayos y brasileños]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereyra-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buffarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Romina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farías-Antúnez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simone]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fletcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Mary]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garbero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lucía Gómez]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umpiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Augusto Ferreira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domingues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marlos Rodrigues]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freitas da Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariângela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Catholic University of Uruguay Faculty of Health Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Uruguay</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Catholic University of Maule Faculty of Health Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Federal University of Pelotas Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cuenca Faculty of Medicine Kaleidos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontifical Catholic University of Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>73</volume>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>57</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0004-06222023000600047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-06222023000600047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0004-06222023000600047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  There is growing consensus globally that the consumption of ultra- processed food (UPF) can negatively affect the nutritional status of children.  Objective:  The present study aims to evaluate associations between the consumption of UPF and the nutritional status in a sample of Uruguayan and Brazilian preschoolers belonging to two studies: the ENDIS Study and the Pelotas 2015 Birth Cohort.  Materials and methods:  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis. The main outcome measure was obesity defined as BMI for age and sex &#8805; +3 z-scores. The score of UPF consumption was the main exposure measured. Each positive answer of habitual intake was added up to create a UPF score ranging from zero to six or more UPF. Crude and adjusted logistic regressions were performed for the associations between UPF consumption and nutritional status in preschoolers.  Results:  The final sample consisted of 8,687 preschool children, 50.8% belonging to the Uruguayan study, while the remaining 49.2% belonged to the Brazilian study. Nearly 5% of the sample of young children were obese. We didn&#8217;t observe a relationship between the score of UPF consumption and obesity, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00-1.09). Adjustments resulted in modest attenuation of the relationship and a lack of statistical significance. However, in children under 48 months, the score of UPF consumption was directly associated with childhood obesity.  Conclusions:  Results suggest that higher consumption of UPF is associated with obesity in Uruguayan and Brazilian preschool children under 4 years of age. These findings suggest that actions to reduce ultra- processed food consumption could lead to diminish obesity patterns and bring important public health benefits.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  Existe creciente consenso a nivel mundial de que el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados puede afectar negativamente el estado nutricional de los niños.  Objetivo:  El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar asociaciones entre el consumo de ultraprocesados y el estado nutricional en una muestra de preescolares uruguayos y brasileños pertenecientes a dos estudios: el Estudio ENDIS y la Cohorte de Nacimiento de Pelotas 2015.  Materiales y métodos:  Se realizó un análisis transversal. La principal medida de resultado fue la obesidad definida como el IMC/edad y sexo &#8805; +3 puntuaciones z. La puntuación del consumo de ultraprocesados fue la principal exposición. Cada respuesta positiva de la ingesta habitual se sumó para crear una puntuación de ultraprocesados que oscilaba entre cero y seis o más. Se realizaron regresiones logísticas crudas y ajustadas.  Resultados:  La muestra final estuvo constituida por 8.687 niños, de los cuales el 50,8% pertenecía al estudio uruguayo, mientras que el 49,2% restante pertenecía al estudio brasileño. Casi el 5% de la muestra de niños pequeños eran obesos. No observamos relación entre la puntuación del consumo de ultraprocesados y la obesidad, el odds ratio (OR) fue de 1,04 (IC 95%, 1,00-1,09). Los ajustes dieron lugar a modesta atenuación de la relación y falta de significación estadística. Sin embargo, en menores de 48 meses la puntuación de consumo de ultraprocesados se asoció directamente con la obesidad infantil.  Conclusiones:  Los resultados sugieren que un mayor consumo de ultraprocesados se asocia con obesidad en prescolares uruguayos y brasileños menores de 4 años. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las acciones para reducir el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados podrían conducir a una disminución de los patrones de obesidad y traer importantes beneficios para la salud pública.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[child]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[childhood obesity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[eating behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultra-processed foods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[body mass index.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[niño]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[obesidad infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conducta alimentaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alimentos procesados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de masa corporal.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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