<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3503</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gen]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gen]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3503</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroentereología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-35032025000100029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61155/gen.v79i1.729</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Disbiosis intestinal y su asociación con niveles de calprotectina y zonulina fecal en niños con trastornos del espectro autista]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intestinal dysbiosis and its association with fecal calprotectin and zonulin levels in children with autism spectrum disorders]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fátima]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jefferson]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Xiomara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bustamante]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yacelli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Bioanálisis]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Bioanálisis]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caracas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Caracas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela Facultad de Medicina Escuela de Bioanálisis]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-35032025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-35032025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-35032025000100029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  La disbiosis en niños con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA), puede inducir inflamación intestinal y alteraciones en la permeabilidad intestinal favoreciendo la presencia de manifestaciones gastrointestinales y neuroconductuales.  Objetivo:  Evaluar la relación que existe entre la disbiosis y los niveles fecales de zonulina y calprotectina en niños con TEA.  Métodos:  Los niveles de zonulina fueron evaluados mediante la técnica de inmunoensayo enzimático ligado a enzima (ELISA), calprotectina fecal por Turbidimetria y la disbiosis por el método de cultivo, en una cohorte de 40 niños con TEA y 18 niños normotípicos.  Resultados:  El 95% de los pacientes con TEA estudiados presentaron disbiosis intestinal. Un 65 % de los pacientes con disbiosis tenían niveles elevados de zonulina y/o calprotectina fecal. Se encontraron niveles elevados de zonulina fecal en 15% de los pacientes con TEA obteniendo un valor mediano de 44,5 (IQR=43,0) ng/mL en el grupo TEA y de 42,0 (IQR=19,0) ng/mL en el grupo control, sin diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos. Se encontraron niveles elevados de calprotectina fecal en el 60 % de los pacientes con TEA, obteniendo un valor mediano de 75,0 (IQR= 127,3) &#956;g/g y en el grupo control de 21,0 (IQR=23,5) &#956;g/g, siendo significativamente mayor la distribución de calprotectina en los pacientes con TEA que en el grupo control (W = 116,5, p&lt;0,001).  Conclusión:  Se observó una relación entre la disbiosis, los síntomas gastrointestinales y los niveles elevados de calprotectina fecal en pacientes con TEA.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  Dysbiosis in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can lead to intestinal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability, which may contribute to gastrointestinal and neurobehavioral manifestations.  Objective:  To assess the relationship between dysbiosis and fecal levels of zonulin and calprotectin in children with ASD.  Methods:  Zonulin levels were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, fecal calprotectin levels via turbidimetry, and dysbiosis was assessed through culture methods in a cohort of 40 children with ASD and 18 neurotypical children.  Results:  Intestinal dysbiosis was identified in 95% of the ASD patients studied. Among these, 65% exhibited elevated levels of zonulin and/or fecal calprotectin. High levels of fecal zonulin were observed in 15% of children with ASD, with a median value of 44.5 ng/mL (IQR = 43.0) in the ASD group and 42.0 ng/mL (IQR = 19.0) in the control group, with no significant differences between groups. Elevated fecal calprotectin levels were found in 60% of children with ASD, with a median value of 75.0 &#956;g/g (IQR = 127.3), compared to 21.0 &#956;g/g (IQR = 23.5) in the control group. Calprotectin levels were significantly higher in the ASD group compared to controls (W = 116.5, p &lt; 0.001).  Conclusion:  A relationship was observed between dysbiosis, gastrointestinal symptoms, and elevated fecal calprotectin levels in children with ASD.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastorno del Espectro Autista]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Zonulina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Calprotectina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inflamación intestinal crónica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[permeabilidad intestinal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Autism Spectrum Disorder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Zonulin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Calprotectin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chronic intestinal inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intestinal permeability]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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