<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0535-5133</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación Clínica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. clín]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0535-5133</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0535-51332023000300296</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54817/ic.v64n3a03</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phenotypic and genotypic study of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a wastewater treatment plant in Zulia state, Venezuela.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudio fenotípico y genotípico de aislados de Escherichia coli resistentes a antibióticos de una planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales del estado Zulia, Venezuela.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elba]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caraballo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takiff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Howard]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marynes]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular Laboratorio de Genética Molecular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Centro de Investigación del Agua ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Facultad Experimental de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>296</fpage>
<lpage>307</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300296&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300296&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300296&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Antibiotic-resistance in bacteria is a global health problem, and wastewater treatment plants can play a role in their dissemination. In this work, we used PCR and plasmid transformation to characterize antibiotic-resistance and the phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from a treatment plant in Zulia, a state in western Venezuela. Thirty-six bacteria isolates were analyzed, of which 27 resulted resistant by disc diffusion primarily to tetracycline and sulfisoxazole but also to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin. The tetA, sul2, floR, and blaTEM resistance genes were frequently present and, in most cases, transferable. dfrA12, tetB, sul3, sul1, and aadA2 genes also were detected. The integrase gene intI1 was common in multidrug-resistant isolates. These results suggest that E. coli from the treatment plant is a reservoir of antibiotic-resistance genes, which signify a potential health threat. Additionally, the phylogroup C was predominant, which is unusual and may represent an adaptation of this group to environmental conditions or perhaps the most frequent phylogroup entering from the influent.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos es un problema de salud global y las plantas de tratamiento pueden jugar un papel en su diseminación. En este trabajo caracterizamos, mediante PCR y transformación de plásmidos, la resistencia a antibióticos y los grupos filogenéticos de Escherichia coli aislada de una planta de tratamiento en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se analizaron 36 aislados bacterianos, de los cuales 27 resultaron resistentes por difusión en disco principalmente a tetraciclina y sulfisoxazol, pero también a trimetoprim, cloranfenicol y ampicilina. Los genes tetA, sul2, floR y blaTEM se encontraron comúnmente en los aislados resistentes y fueron en la mayoría de los casos transferibles; adicionalmente se detectaron los genes dfrA12, tetB, sul3, sul1 y aadA2. El gen de integrasa intI1 se detectó en la mayoría de los aislados multi-resistentes. Estos resultados sugieren que E. coli en la planta de tratamiento es un reservorio de genes de resistencia a antibióticos, lo que significa una amenaza potencial para la salud. Adicionalmente predominó el filogrupo C, lo que es inusual y podría deberse a una adaptación de este a las condiciones ambientales o podría ser el mayoritario en el influente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotic resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[E. coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wastewater]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phylogroups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genes de resistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[E. coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aguas residuales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[filogrupos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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