<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0535-5133</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación Clínica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Invest. clín]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0535-5133</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas "Dr. Américo Negrette", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0535-51332023000300405</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54817/ic.v64n3a011</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aspirin in primary cardiovascular prevention: the two faces of the coin and the importance of the Number Needed to Treat: a systematic review and metaanalysis.]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspirina en prevención cardiovascular primaria. Las dos caras de la moneda y la importancia del número necesario a tratar. Revisión sistemática y metanálisis.]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vizcaino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weir Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Zulia Facultad de Medicina Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas &#8220;Dr. Américo Negrette&#8221;]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Banco de Sangre del Estado Zulia Instituto Hematológico de Occidente ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracaibo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>405</fpage>
<lpage>423</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0535-51332023000300405&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Aspirin has been an essential treatment for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several randomized controlled studies do not support the routine use of aspirin, mainly due to its association with bleeding risk. This systematic review aims to advocate aspirin prescription based on the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and the Number Needed to Harm (NNH). This combination provides a good measure of the effort to avoid an unfavorable outcome, weighed against possible associated risks. A search of randomized studies on aspirin treatment was conducted in two separate periods. Four studies from 1988-1998 and six from 2001-2018 were included in the analysis (157,060 participants). The primary endpoint was a composite outcome of Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction (NFMI), Non-fatal Ischemic Stroke (NFIS), and CV mortality. Major bleeding was a safety endpoint. We calculated the Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR%), NNT, and NNH, alongside the Relative Risk (RR) and 95% CI of each primary endpoint. The results of all included studies (10) showed a net benefit with aspirin treatment for NFMI (NNT= 259) and the composite outcome (NNT=292) with a significant relative risk reduction of 20% (p=0.003; I2= 0%) and 10% (p&lt;0.001; I2= 0%), respectively. There was a relevant 60% increase in the bleeding risk (p&lt;0.0001, NNH=208; I2= 3%). The NNT and NNH may constitute measures of efficacy and risk in clinical shared decision-making. However, it is essential to consistently establish that patients&#8217; benefit-risk should be individualized and not represent a clinical guide for everyone.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La aspirina ha sido un tratamiento esencial para la prevención primaria de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Varios estudios controlados aleatorizados no apoyan el uso rutinario de la aspirina principalmente debido a su asociación con el riesgo de sangrado. Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo evaluar la prescripción de aspirina basada en el Número Necesario para Tratar (NNT) y el Número Necesario para Dañar (NNH). Esta combinación proporciona una buena medida del esfuerzo para evitar un resultado desfavorable, sopesado frente a los posibles riesgos asociados. Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios aleatorios sobre el tratamiento con aspirina en dos períodos separados. En el análisis se incluyeron cuatro estudios de 1988 a 1998 y seis de 2001 a 2018 (157 060 participantes). El criterio principal de valoración fue un resultado compuesto de infarto de miocardio no mortal (NFMI), accidente cerebrovascular isquémico no mortal (NFIS) y mortalidad cardiovascular. La hemorragia mayor fue el punto final de seguridad. Se calculó la reducción del riesgo absoluto (RAR), el NNT y el NNH, junto con el riesgo relativo (RR) y el IC del 95% de cada criterio principal de valoración. Los resultados de todos los estudios incluidos (10) mostraron un beneficio neto con el tratamiento con aspirina para NFMI (NNT= 383) y el resultado compuesto (NNT=445) con una reducción significativa del riesgo relativo del 20% (p=0,003; I2= 0%) y 10% (p&lt;0,001; I2= 0%), respectivamente. Hubo un incremento relevante del 60% en el riesgo de sangrado (p&lt;0,0001, NNH=208; I2= 3%). El NNT y el NNH pueden constituir medidas de eficacia y riesgo en la toma de decisiones clínicas compartidas. Sin embargo, es importante establecer consistentemente que el riesgo-beneficio de los pacientes debe ser individualizado, y no una guía clínica para todos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aspirin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cardiovascular disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[primary prevention]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bleeding risk]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[number needed to treat]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aspirina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfermedad cardiovascular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prevención primaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgo hemorrágico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[número necesario a tratar]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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