<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0798-0469</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RFM]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0798-0469</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Medicina. Comisión de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0798-04692004000200015</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Gastrectomía total con reconstrucción esófago-yeyuno anastomosis término-lateral por cáncer gástrico con máquina autosuturadora]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[París]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obregón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scorzza Q]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A05"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakhal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A06"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A05">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A06">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad de Medicina Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio de Cirugia III]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>169</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000200015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presentan los casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico de trece años de cirugía, a los cuales se les realizó gastrectomía total con esófago-yeyuno anastomosis término-lateral en Y de Roux con el uso de máquina autosuturadora, como técnica simplificada, segura y efectiva en el manejo de esta patología. Entre 1991 y 2004 se operaron 13 casos. Diez pacientes masculinos (76,9%) y tres pacientes femeninos (23,1%), con una edad promedio de 65,07 años. Diez (10) pacientes presentaron adenocarcinoma gástrico (ADC) del tercio superior (76,92%), uno (1) del tercio medio (7,69%), una (1) paciente con linfoma gástrico (7,69%) y un (1) paciente tuvo ADC de esófago secundario a esófago de Barrett (7,69%). La mortalidad en el postoperatorio tardío ocurrió en dos pacientes (15,38%) por complicaciones respiratorias. La sobrevida osciló entre 22 días y 13 años, siendo en promedio de 24,13 meses. La sobrevida a los 2 años fue de 46,15 % y de 7,69% a los 5 años.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to present thirteen years of gastric surgery in patients with diagnosis of gastric cancer. Operated by total gastrectomy with terminal-side esophagojejunostomy Y Roux using circular stapler as simplify, secure and effective technique for management of this pathology. Between 1991 and 2001 thirteen patients were operated. Ten male (76,9%) and three female patients (23,1%). The median age was 65,07 years. Ten patients (10) had adenocarcinoma (ADC) of fundus (76,92%), one (1) of gastric body (7,69%), one patient (1) with gastric lymphoma (7,69%) and one patient with Barrett’s esophagus (7,69%). Postoperative late mortality happened in two patients (15,38%) for respiratory complications. The range of survival was 22 days - 13 years, the mean was 24,13 months. The two years survival was 46,15% and five years 7,69%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gastrectomía total]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esófago-yeyunostomía en Y de Roux]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resección transhiatal (RT)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Total gastrectomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Esophagojejunostomy Y Roux]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Transhiatal resection (TH)]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p ALIGN="center"><b><font SIZE="4">Gastrectomía total con reconstrucción esófago-yeyuno anastomosis término-lateral por cáncer gástrico con máquina autosuturadora</font></b></p>     <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>G Ben&iacute;tez<sup>1</sup>, A Par&iacute;s<sup>2</sup>, R Saade<sup>3</sup>, F Obreg&oacute;n<sup>4</sup>, E Garc&iacute;a<sup>4</sup>, R Scorzza Q<sup>5</sup> y E Nakhal<sup>6</sup>.</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><sup>1</sup> Profesor Agregado, Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III.&nbsp;</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> <sup>2</sup> Profesor Titular, Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><sup>3</sup> Profesor Instructor Interino , Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><sup>4</sup> Residente de tercer a&ntilde;o Cirug&iacute;a General. Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti Servicio Cirugia III.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><sup>5</sup> Profesor Instructor Interino, Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><sup> 6</sup> Profesor Instructor, Facultad de Medicina. Escuela Luis Razetti. Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RESUMEN: </b> Se presentan los casos de pacientes con diagn&oacute;stico de c&aacute;ncer g&aacute;strico de trece a&ntilde;os de cirug&iacute;a, a los cuales se les realiz&oacute; gastrectom&iacute;a total con es&oacute;fago-yeyuno anastomosis t&eacute;rmino-lateral en Y de Roux con el uso de m&aacute;quina autosuturadora, como t&eacute;cnica simplificada, segura y efectiva en el manejo de esta patolog&iacute;a. Entre 1991 y 2004 se operaron 13 casos. Diez pacientes masculinos (76,9%) y tres pacientes femeninos (23,1%), con una edad promedio de 65,07 a&ntilde;os. Diez (10) pacientes presentaron adenocarcinoma g&aacute;strico (ADC) del tercio superior (76,92%), uno (1) del tercio medio (7,69%), una (1) paciente con linfoma g&aacute;strico (7,69%) y un (1) paciente tuvo ADC de es&oacute;fago secundario a es&oacute;fago de Barrett (7,69%). La mortalidad en el postoperatorio tard&iacute;o ocurri&oacute; en dos pacientes (15,38%) por complicaciones respiratorias. La sobrevida oscil&oacute; entre 22 d&iacute;as y 13 a&ntilde;os, siendo en promedio de 24,13 meses. La sobrevida a los 2 a&ntilde;os fue de 46,15 % y de 7,69% a los 5 a&ntilde;os.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palabras Clave: Gastrectom&iacute;a total, es&oacute;fago–yeyunostom&iacute;a en Y de Roux, resecci&oacute;n transhiatal (RT).</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ABSTRACT:</b> The aim of this study is to present thirteen years of gastric surgery in patients with diagnosis of gastric cancer. Operated by total gastrectomy with terminal-side esophagojejunostomy Y Roux using circular stapler as simplify, secure and effective technique for management of this pathology. Between 1991 and 2001 thirteen patients were operated. Ten male (76,9%) and three female patients (23,1%). The median age was 65,07 years. Ten patients (10) had adenocarcinoma (ADC) of fundus (76,92%), one (1) of gastric body (7,69%), one patient (1) with gastric lymphoma (7,69%) and one patient with Barrett’s esophagus (7,69%). Postoperative late mortality happened in two patients (15,38%) for respiratory complications. The range of survival was 22 days – 13 years, the mean was 24,13 months. The two years survival was 46,15% and five years 7,69%.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Key Words: Total gastrectomy, Esophagojejunostomy Y Roux, Transhiatal resection (TH).</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Fecha de Recepci&oacute;n: 15/04/2004 Fecha de Aprobaci&oacute;n: 12/07/2004</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>INTRODUCCI&Oacute;N</b></font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La tendencia de complicaciones por la dehiscencia de la es&oacute;fago-yeyuno anastomosis es temida, a pesar de haber disminuido notablemente en los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os<sup>(1,2,3)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se reporta un descenso en la mortalidad postoperatoria en las series m&aacute;s grandes publicadas<sup>(4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11)</sup>, en donde los cirujanos asi&aacute;ticos, son aquellos con mayor n&uacute;mero de casos.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El seguimiento de estos pacientes a largo plazo ha reportado datos importantes acerca de la evoluci&oacute;n postoperatoria, como lo expresa Siewert y Bailey<sup>(12,13)</sup>, este &uacute;ltimo con una serie prospectiva a 10 a&ntilde;os con 50% de morbilidad y 10% de mortalidad. La interposici&oacute;n de yeyuno a manera de bast&oacute;n en la anastomosis, se comporta en el tiempo como un peque&ntilde;os reservorio, retardando el paso del bolo alimentario, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes como lo reporta Stier y Feith<sup>(14)</sup>. Estos &uacute;ltimos resultados aportan relevancia a nuestro trabajo.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>PACIENTES Y T&Eacute;CNICA QUIR&Uacute;RGICA</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Pacientes hospitalizados en el Servicio de Cirug&iacute;a III y en el Instituto Cl&iacute;nico La Florida, del a&ntilde;o 1991 al 2004 con diagn&oacute;stico de adenocarcinoma g&aacute;strico confirmado en est&oacute;mago, en la uni&oacute;n es&oacute;fago-g&aacute;strica y en es&oacute;fago de Barrett, sin evidencia de enfermedad loco-regional evidente o met&aacute;stasis a distancia, en estadios I y II de la enfermedad, seg&uacute;n la AJCC<sup>(15)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Todos los pacientes fueron evaluados por especialistas en nutrici&oacute;n y se encontraban en condiciones cl&iacute;nicas estables al momento de la cirug&iacute;a.</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La rutina preoperatorio consisti&oacute; en:</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.Estudio endosc&oacute;pico superior con toma de muestra para biopsia de la o las lesiones sospechosas.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.Estudio de tr&aacute;nsito radiol&oacute;gico contrastado de es&oacute;fago-est&oacute;mago-duodeno.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.Ecosonograma abdominal.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.Tomograf&iacute;a t&oacute;raco-abdominal con contraste.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.Radiograf&iacute;a de t&oacute;rax.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se realiz&oacute; en todos los casos abordaje de la cavidad abdominal a trav&eacute;s de incisi&oacute;n media supra e infraumbilical y se utiliz&oacute; la v&iacute;a transhiatal para la resecci&oacute;n esof&aacute;gica<sup>(9,10,11)</sup>. Se realiz&oacute; es&oacute;fago-yeyuno anastomosis en &quot;Y&quot; de Roux t&eacute;rmino-lateral con m&aacute;quina de autosutura circular cortante, de 25 mm, en 11 casos, de 28 mm, en 1 caso y de 29 mm, en 1 caso (Marcas U.S. Surgical Corp.<sup>&reg;</sup> y Ethicon<sup>&reg;</sup>), (<b><a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a> </b> y <b> <a href="#fig2"> Figura 2</a></b>).<a name="fig1"></a></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Figura 1</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b> <span style="text-transform: uppercase"> M&aacute;quina circular cortante</span></b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art15fig1.jpg" width="501" height="377"></P> <B><FONT FACE="Times" SIZE=2>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center"><a name="fig2"></a></P> </FONT> </B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Figura 2</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase">Detalle del cabezal y el yunque</span></b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art05img12.jpg" width="501" height="375"></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>T&Eacute;CNICA QUIR&Uacute;RGICA</b></font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La rutina quir&uacute;rgica fue:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.Laparotom&iacute;a media supra e infraumbilical con exploraci&oacute;n de la cavidad abdominal.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.Colocaci&oacute;n de dilatador esof&aacute;gico de mercurio N° 40 HURST.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.Gastrectom&iacute;a total con resecci&oacute;n N1 con cierre del mu&ntilde;&oacute;n duodenal en dos planos.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.Disecci&oacute;n y dilataci&oacute;n del hiato esof&aacute;gico v&iacute;a transhiatal (TH).</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.Realizaci&oacute;n de yeyunoanastomosis en &quot;Y&quot; de Roux t&eacute;rmino-lateral en dos planos, antec&oacute;lica a 60-70 cm, del &aacute;ngulo de Treitz.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6.Corte congelado de la pieza resecada para verificar m&aacute;rgenes libres de lesi&oacute;n.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7.Colocaci&oacute;n cuidadosa del yunque de la m&aacute;quina de autosutura en extremo esof&aacute;gico, anudado con jareta de sutura prolene 2-0.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8.Se coloca la m&aacute;quina autosuturadora a trav&eacute;s de la luz del yeyuno que asciende y se atraviesa con la punta giratoria (<b><a href="#fig3">Figura 3</a></b>). Revisando en todo momento la adecuada vascularizaci&oacute;n del yeyuno y se acopla con el yunque esof&aacute;gico, hasta afrontar estos dos &oacute;rganos, realizando la transecci&oacute;n. Se verifican los anillos de tejido cortados por la m&aacute;quina y se comprueba su integridad, grosor y simetr&iacute;a.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9.Se cierra el extremo abierto del bast&oacute;n de yeyuno de forma manual o con m&aacute;quina lineal cortante y se fija con puntos de sutura al diafragma.<a name="fig3"></a></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Figura 3</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b><span style="text-transform: uppercase">Colocaci&oacute;n de m&aacute;quina a trav&eacute;s de yeyuno</span></b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art15fig3.jpg" width="500" height="372"></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>RESULTADOS</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se operaron 13 casos entre los a&ntilde;os 1991 y 2004, 10 pacientes masculinos y 3 pacientes femeninos (<b><a href="#graf1">Gr&aacute;fico 1</a></b>), diez (10) pacientes presentaron adenocarcinoma g&aacute;strico (ADC) del tercio superior (76,92%), uno (1) del tercio medio (7,69%), una (1) paciente con linfoma g&aacute;strico (7,69%) y un (1) paciente ten&iacute;a ADC de es&oacute;fago secundario a es&oacute;fago de Barrett (7,69%), (<b><a href="#graf2">Gr&aacute;fico 2</a></b>). En el caso del paciente de es&oacute;fago de Barrett hubo necesidad de realizar toracotom&iacute;a izquierda debido a que la lesi&oacute;n se encontraba a 6 cm por encima de la uni&oacute;n cardioesof&aacute;gica, una vez que los bordes de resecci&oacute;n fueron positivos para tumor al corte congelado, siendo la anastomosis v&iacute;a transhiatal (TH) t&eacute;cnicamente dif&iacute;cil y riesgosa.<a name="graf1"></a></font></P> <FONT SIZE=2> </FONT>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Gr&aacute;fico 1</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>DISTRIBUCI&Oacute;N POR SEXO DE PACIENTES INTERVENIDOS EN EL HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO DE CARACAS Y EN EL INSTITUTO CL&Iacute;NICO LA FLORIDA ENTRE 1991 Y 2004</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art15graf1.jpg" width="296" height="143"></P> <FONT SIZE=2>     
<P ALIGN="center">&nbsp;</P>     <P ALIGN="center"><a name="graf2"></a></P> </FONT>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Gr&aacute;fico 2</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>DISTRIBUCI&Oacute;N DE LAS PATOLOG&Iacute;AS DE BASE DE ACUERDO AL TIPO HISTOL&Oacute;GICO</b></font></P> <FONT SIZE=2> </FONT>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art15graf2.jpg" width="296" height="152"></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Se reportan 3 complicaciones inherentes a la anastomosis es&oacute;fago-yeyuno (23,07%):</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1. Desgarro longitudinal del es&oacute;fago al momento de usar la m&aacute;quina circular cortante de 28 mm, suturado en la misma direcci&oacute;n del desgarro, sin complicaciones posteriores.</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2. Dehiscencia parcial de la anastomosis es&oacute;fago-yeyuno en dos pacientes evidenciado por cl&iacute;nica y radiolog&iacute;a con contraste al 5to y 7mo d&iacute;a de evoluci&oacute;n postoperatoria tratados m&eacute;dicamente con evoluci&oacute;n satisfactoria, (<b><a href="#graf3">Gr&aacute;fico 3</a></b>).<a name="graf3"></a></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Gr&aacute;fico 3</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>DISTRIBUCI&Oacute;N DE PACIENTES SEG&Uacute;N LAS COMPLICACIONES POSTOPERATORIAS</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n2/art15graf3.jpg" width="296" height="187"></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Las complicaciones m&eacute;dicas postoperatorias fueron  (23,07%):</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.Infecci&oacute;n de piel en sitio de colocaci&oacute;n de v&iacute;a central al 2do, d&iacute;a.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.Neumon&iacute;a severa en dos pacientes, uno de ellos complicado con sepsis de punto de partida respiratorio.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.Ambos ingresaron a unidad de terapia intensiva, falleciendo a los d&iacute;as 22 y 30 del postoperatorio, (<b><a href="#graf3">Gr&aacute;fico 3</a></b>).</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La mortalidad en el postoperatorio tard&iacute;o ocurri&oacute; en dos pacientes (15,38%) por complicaciones respiratorias. Despu&eacute;s de un seguimiento de 13 a&ntilde;os, la sobrevida oscil&oacute; entre 22 d&iacute;as y 13 a&ntilde;os, siendo en promedio de 24,13 meses. La sobrevida a los 2 a&ntilde;os fue de 46,15% y de 7,69% a los 5 a&ntilde;os. Uno de los pacientes falleci&oacute; por causa no relacionada con el c&aacute;ncer a los tres a&ntilde;os del postoperatorio.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>DISCUSI&Oacute;N</b></font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A pesar de que el carcinoma de es&oacute;fago es poco frecuente en el hemisferio occidental, ha habido un incremento en la incidencia del adenocarcinoma en la uni&oacute;n es&oacute;fago-g&aacute;strica, en el es&oacute;fago distal y en el tercio superior del est&oacute;mago<sup>(17)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Existe un incremento en la incidencia de adenocarcinoma relacionado a metaplasia intestinal y es&oacute;fago de Barrett en comparaci&oacute;n con el carcinoma de c&eacute;lulas escamosas<sup>(18)</sup>. Nuestros resultados se comparan con otras series publicadas en relaci&oacute;n a la proporci&oacute;n de hombres y mujeres afectados<sup>(19,20)</sup>, con una media de edad algo superior a las de estas series.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dentro de las dos variantes de resecci&oacute;n es&oacute;fago-g&aacute;strica, la transhiatal (TH) y transtor&aacute;cica (TT)<sup>(16,19,22)</sup>, se realiz&oacute; la anastomosis t&eacute;rmino-lateral con un bast&oacute;n de yeyuno, lo cual es m&aacute;s r&aacute;pida y f&aacute;cil con el uso de m&aacute;quinas de autosutura circular cortante, con lo cual se disminuye las complicaciones quir&uacute;rgicas postoperatorias inmediatas<sup>(23)</sup>. Se ha demostrado en trabajos con series grandes de pacientes, que la interposici&oacute;n yeyunal es viable<sup>(24)</sup>, en contraposici&oacute;n con una serie venezolana que se acompa&ntilde;o de elevada mortalidad<sup>(25)</sup>. Otros autores como Takeshita<sup>(7)</sup>, han demostrado que el uso de m&aacute;quinas autosuturadoras es confiable y reduce la mortalidad, como en nuestro caso, sin embargo hay que recalcar que este tipo cirug&iacute;a siempre se asocia a una elevada morbilidad operatoria<sup>(9,16)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La sobrevida reportada en nuestra serie es comparable a la reportada por Siewert<sup>(11)</sup>, siendo menor en aquellos pacientes de estadios avanzados.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La realizaci&oacute;n de la gastrectom&iacute;a total es fundamental en el control local de la enfermedad y es de suma importancia el seguimiento de estos pacientes, al igual que el uso de terapia adyuvante radiante o farmacol&oacute;gica para mejorar la sobrevida de los mismos.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR&Aacute;FICAS</b></font></P>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1.Bardini R, Asolafi M, Rulo A, Bonavina L, Basseggio S, Peracchia A. 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<back>
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