<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0798-1406</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuestiones Políticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuest. Pol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0798-1406</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Zulia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0798-14062024000200165</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.14927703</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Natalidad, materialismo y sociedad. ¿Cómo entender el declive? Análisis comparado de los casos de España, Noruega, Turquía, Irlanda, Islandia, Dinamarca y Alemania 2013-2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Natality, materialism, and society. How to understand the decline? Comparative analysis of the cases of Spain, Norway, Turkey, Ireland, Iceland, Denmark, and Germany 2013-2021]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz Coronel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Hemisferios Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Hemisferios Facultad de Derecho ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<fpage>165</fpage>
<lpage>185</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0798-14062024000200165&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0798-14062024000200165&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0798-14062024000200165&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar las condiciones necesarias y suficientes que han influido en el descenso de la tasa de natalidad en Europa durante el periodo: 2013 al 2021. De este modo, se busca estudiar cuáles han sido aquellos factores de mayor incidencia sobre la problemática, para lo cual se utilizó una propuesta metodológica comparada basada en un qualitative comparative anlysis con sets de variables dicotómicas (crispy data sets) a fin de identificar las causas de mayor repercusión sobre las variaciones de la tasa de natalidad entre las planteadas como variables independientes; índice de desarrollo humano (IDH); semanas de permiso de maternidad, y tasas de fertilidad en los casos de: España, Noruega, Islandia, Turquía, Irlanda, Dinamarca y Alemania. Se concluye que los factores socio-estructurales que se han ido consolidando a medida que la población sustituye valores prioritarios materiales por otros posts materialistas han favorecido la relegación de aquellos relacionados con la familia a un segundo o tercer plano. Es decir, el descenso de la tasa de natalidad en los países estudiados es el producto de las tres variables independientes planteadas en conjunto, haciendo que este sea un fenómeno multicausal y coyuntural.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyze the necessary and sufficient conditions that have influenced the decline in the birth rate in Europe during the period from 2013 to 2021. In this way, it seeks to study which have been those factors of greater incidence on the problem, for which a comparative methodological proposal was used based on a qualitative comparative anlysis with sets of dichotomous variables (crispy data sets) in order to identify the causes of greater impact on the variations of the birth rate among those raised as independent variables; human development index (HDI); weeks of maternity leave, and fertility rates in the cases of: Spain, Norway, Iceland, Turkey, Ireland, Denmark and Germany. It is concluded that the socio-structural factors that have been consolidating as the population replaces materialistic priority values with other post-materialistic ones have favored the relegation of those related to the family to a second or third plane. In other words, the decline in the birth rate in the countries studied is the product of the three independent variables considered together, making this a multicausal and conjunctural phenomenon.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de natalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[índice de desarrollo humano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incentivos de maternidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tasa de fertilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis comparado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[birth rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human development index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[childbearing incentives]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fertility rate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comparative analysis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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