<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0798-1406</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Cuestiones Políticas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Cuest. Pol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0798-1406</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Zulia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0798-14062025000200097</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.17757052</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Validez y confiabilidad en investigaciones en ciencias sociales y políticas. Análisis comparativo en los enfoques cuantitativo, cualitativo y mixto]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Validity and reliability in social and political science research. Comparative analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venegas-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valia Luz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel-Grados]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales-Benites]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Tomás]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altamirano-Julca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yamandú]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad César Vallejo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>83</numero>
<fpage>97</fpage>
<lpage>121</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0798-14062025000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0798-14062025000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0798-14062025000200097&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El rigor científico constituye una exigencia fundamental en toda investigación, especialmente en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales y políticas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los criterios de validez, confiabilidad y otros indicadores asociados al rigor científico en investigaciones de enfoque cuantitativo, cualitativo y mixto, destacando su importancia para el análisis de los fenómenos sociales y políticos contemporáneos. Se desarrolló una investigación documental basada en la revisión analítica de fuentes teóricas y metodológicas especializadas. Los resultados evidencian que la exigencia de rigor científico está estrechamente vinculada con la validez y la confiabilidad, pero también con la consistencia y la neutralidad, rasgos esenciales de toda metodología científica. En el enfoque mixto, sin embargo, se observa una integración que combina la rigurosidad del método cuantitativo con la profundidad interpretativa del cualitativo, proporcionando respuestas más completas a problemas complejos y posibilitando una comprensión más amplia y profunda de los fenómenos sociales y políticos. Estas conclusiones confirman que la búsqueda de legitimidad y transparencia en la investigación pública depende directamente del grado de rigor aplicado en el proceso científico.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Scientific rigor is a fundamental requirement in all research, especially in the field of social and political sciences. The objective of this study is to analyze the criteria of validity, reliability, and other indicators associated with scientific rigor in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method research, highlighting its importance for the analysis of contemporary social and political phenomena. A documentary investigation was developed based on an analytical review of specialized theoretical and methodological sources. The results show that the requirement for scientific rigor is closely linked to validity and reliability, but also to consistency and neutrality, which are essential features of any scientific methodology. In the mixed approach, however, there is an integration that combines the rigor of the quantitative method with the interpretive depth of the qualitative method, providing more complete answers to complex problems and enabling a broader and deeper understanding of social and political phenomena. These conclusions confirm that the search for legitimacy and transparency in public research depends directly on the degree of rigor applied in the scientific process.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciencias sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[legitimidad política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[objetividad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tipos de investigación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rigor científico y validez]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social sciences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political legitimacy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[objectivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[types of research]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[scientific rigor and validity]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ARIAS VALENCIA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GIRALDO MORA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clara Viviana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El rigor científico en la investigación cualitativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación y Educación en Enfermería]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>500-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BORJAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GARCÍA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enrique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validez y confiabilidad en la recolección y análisis de datos bajo un enfoque cualitativo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trascender, Contabilidad y Gestión]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>79-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAMPOS DE OLIVEIRA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jancilene Lisott]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MULLER DE MAGALHÃES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica Mota]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MISUE MASTUDA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUEDES SANTOS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jansen Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[QUEIROGA SOUTO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DE OLIVEIRA RIBOLDI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cynthia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROSS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rose]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mixed methods appraisal tool: Strengthening the methodological rigor of mixed methods research studies in nursing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Texto &amp; Contexto Enfermagem]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CASADEVALL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FANG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ferric C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rigorous science: A how-to guide]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MBio]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[COLLINS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Creative Research: The Theory and Practice of Research for the Creative Industries]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AVA Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CORONADO LISBOA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigación cualitativa: Fundamentos epistemológicos, teóricos y metodológicos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vivat Academia]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<page-range>69-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRESWELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John William]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRESWELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jody Dawn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CRESWELL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John William]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PLANO CLARK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicki Lynn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Designing and conducting mixed methods research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<edition>3ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DE HARO GARCÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[IRANZO ACOSTA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelos de Probabilidad e Inferencia Estadística]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Pirámide]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DELLINGER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amy B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LEECH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nanci L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toward a unified validation framework in mixed methods research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Mixed Methods Research]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>309-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DENZIN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norman K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Methods]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ECKHARDT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DEVON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Holli A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The MIXED framework: A novel approach to evaluating mixed-methods rigor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nursing Inquiry]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLICK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Uwe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La gestión de la calidad en la investigación cualitativa]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Morata]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[FLYVBJERG]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bent]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Making social science matter: Why social inquiry fails and how it can succeed again]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Reino Unido ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUBA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Egon G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LINCOLN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonna S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Effective evaluation: Improving the usefulness of evaluation result through responsive and naturalistic approaches]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Francisco, Estados Unidos ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Jossey-Bass Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HAMUI-SUTTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un acercamiento a los métodos mixtos de investigación en educación médica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación en Educación Médica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>211-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HERNÁNDEZ-SAMPIERI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MENDOZA TORRES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian Paulina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la Investigación. Las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<edition>2ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JANESICK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valerie J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dance of qualitative research design: Metaphor, methodolatry, and meaning]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Denzin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norman K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lincoln]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonna S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Strategies of qualitative inquiry]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>35-85</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[KOCH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tonia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estableciendo rigor en la investigación cualitativa: El proceso de decisión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Advanced Nursing]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-100</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LINCOLN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonna S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUBA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Egon G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indagación Naturalista]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Beverly Hills, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Age Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LINCOLN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yvonna S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GUBA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Egon G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Directions for Program Evaluation]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>73-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LORENZINI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisabetta]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OSORIO GALEANO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHMIDT]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cândida Raquel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CAÑÓN-MONTAÑEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practical guide to achieve rigor and data integration in mixed methods research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación y Educación en Enfermería]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MADILL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JORDAN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SHIRLEY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christine]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Objectivity and reliability in qualitative analysis: Realist, contextualist and radical constructionist epistemologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<page-range>1-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MARTÍNEZ MIGUÉLEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia y arte en la metodología cualitativa]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México DF., México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Trillas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEDINA ROMERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[HURTADO TIZA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dunia Roxanna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MUÑOZ MORILLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OCHOA CERVANTEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana Oralya]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[IZÚNDEGUI ORDÓÑEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ginebra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Método Mixto de Investigación Cuantitativo y Cualitativo]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Universitario de Innovación, Ciencia y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MERTENS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donna M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<edition>5ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NEMOYER]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ashley]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ÁLVAREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MUKTHINENI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramakrishna]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TENDULKAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sachin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALEGRÍA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Margarita]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abordando preguntas de investigación centradas en la juventud en un contexto comunitario: Recopilación e integración de datos de métodos mixtos en múltiples niveles ecológicos con el proyecto PhotoStories]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación de Métodos Mixtos]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>507-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[NOREÑA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amparo Ligia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALCARAZ-MORENO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norma]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROJAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jhonathan Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REBOLLEDO-MALPICA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dennise]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applicability of the criteria of rigor and ethics in qualitative research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquichan]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>263-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[OLMSTED]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Janice]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Confiabilidad y validez de la investigación: ¿Por qué son importantes?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Dental Hygienists&#8250; Association]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>53-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PATTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael Quinn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[HSR: Health Services Research]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1189-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PATTON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael Quinn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<edition>2ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Thousand Oaks, California ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PÉREZ VARGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RAMÍREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jainer Jair]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ROJAS MESA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La investigación documental como sustento de la investigación social y educativa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nieto-Bravo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Aquiles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflexiones metodológicas de investigación educativa: Perspectivas sociales]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>1-25</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[USTA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PIÑERO MARTÍN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Lourdes]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RIVERA MACHADO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación cualitativa: Orientaciones procedimentales]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas, Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PLANO-CLARK]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vicki Lynn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Meaningful integration within mixed methods studies: Identifying why, what, when, and how]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contemporary Educational Psychology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>106-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[RODRÍGUEZ GÓMEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gregorio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GIL FLORES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GARCÍA JIMÉNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la Investigación Cualitativa]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<edition>2ª</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Málaga, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Aljibe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SÁNCHEZ CARLESSI]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[REYES ROMERO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEJÍA SÁENZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual de términos en investigación científica, tecnológica y humanística]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lima, Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Ricardo Palma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SCHOONENBOOM]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judith]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[JOHNSON]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>107-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SOLEDAD MANRIQUE]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DI MATTEO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Fernanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SÁNCHEZ TROUSSEL]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liliana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la implicación: Construcción del sujeto y del objeto de investigación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cadernos de Pesquisa]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>162</numero>
<issue>162</issue>
<page-range>984-1008</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TARRILLO SALDAÑA]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MEJÍA HUAMÁN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DÁVILA MEGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Samuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PINTADO CASTILLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[TAPIA IDROGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CHILÓN CAMACHO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilber Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VÉLEZ ESCOBAR]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Silvia Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología de la investigación: Una mirada global. Ejemplos prácticos]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
