<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1856-9560</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta Técnica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Téc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1856-9560</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1856-95602025000200064</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51372/gacetatecnica262.6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[INCORPORACIÓN DE CENIZA DE CÁSCARA DE HUEVO EN LA ESTABILIZACIÓN DE SUBRASANTE ARCILLOSA EN APURÍMAC, PERÚ]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[INCORPORATION OF EGGSHELL ASH IN THE STABILIZATION OF CLAYEY SUBGRADE IN APURIMAC, PERU]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquise Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rudy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso Oscanoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad César Vallejo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad César Vallejo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>64</fpage>
<lpage>80</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1856-95602025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1856-95602025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1856-95602025000200064&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La estabilización de suelos arcillosos es un desafío persistente en la ingeniería civil, particularmente en regiones con proyectos de infraestructura en áreas de suelos expansivos. Este estudio evalúa la efectividad de incorporar ceniza de cáscara de huevo (CCH) para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de subrasantes arcillosas en la Av. Alisos, Anccohayllo, Apurímac, Perú. La investigación incluyó muestreo de campo y pruebas de laboratorio para analizar la relación de soporte de California (CBR), las características de compactación y la plasticidad de muestras de suelo con porcentajes variables de CCE de 10%, 15% y 20%. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en los valores de CBR, con un aumento del 71,79% usando 20% de CCE, lo que indica un aumento sustancial en la capacidad de carga del suelo. Además, la Densidad Seca Máxima (DSM) aumentó y el Contenido Óptimo de Humedad (COH) disminuyó, lo que sugiere una mejor compactación y estabilidad del suelo. Aunque el efecto sobre la plasticidad no fue estadísticamente significativo, se observó una ligera reducción. Este estudio concluye que la CCE es un aditivo viable y sostenible para estabilizar subrasantes arcillosas, ofreciendo una alternativa respetuosa con el medio ambiente mediante la reutilización de residuos agrícolas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The stabilization of clayey soils is a persistent challenge in civil engineering, particularly in regions with infrastructure projects in expansive soil areas. This study evaluates the effectiveness of incorporating eggshell ash (CCH) to improve the mechanical properties of clayey subgrades on Av. Alisos, Anccohayllo, Apurímac, Peru. The research included field sampling and laboratory tests to analyze the California Bearing Ratio (CBR), compaction characteristics, and plasticity of soil samples with varying CCH percentages of 10%, 15%, and 20%. Results showed significant improvement in CBR values, with a 71,79% increase using 20% CCH, indicating a substantial increase in soil bearing capacity. Additionally, the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) increased and the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) decreased, suggesting better soil compaction and stability. Although the effect on plasticity was not statistically significant, a slight reduction was observed. This study concludes that CCH is a viable and sustainable additive for stabilizing clayey subgrades, offering an environmentally friendly alternative through the reuse of agricultural waste.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[materiales reutilizables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cenizas de cáscara de huevo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[subrasante]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estabilización de suelos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[construcciones sustentables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reusable materials]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[eggshell ash]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[subgrade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[soil stabilization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable construction]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzaidy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental study for stabilizing clayey soil with eggshell powder and plastic wastes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>518</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>022008</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veerabrahmam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prasad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review on the effect of eggshell powder on engineering properties of expansive soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J. Sci. Technol.,]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>415-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teferra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assefa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assefa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of Eggshell Ash and Stone Powder on the Properties of Expansive Soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Adv. Civ. Eng]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syamsul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Optimum Utilization of Silica Fume and Eggshell Ash on Soil Stabilization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mater. Res. Technol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>2021</volume>
<page-range>1023-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sathiparan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utilization prospects of eggshell powder in sustainable construction material-A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Constr. Build. Mater]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>293</volume>
<page-range>123465</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haleem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Re-utilization of stone industry waste materials for stabilization of expansive soils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NUST J. Eng. Sci.,]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>61-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Egg Shell Powder and Periwinkle Shell Ash for the Stabilization of Clayey Soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian Scientific Journal Of Research In Engineering And Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>2023</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>45-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. d. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aserrín de pino como sustrato hidropónico. I: Variación en características físicas durante cinco ciclos de cultivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chapingo Serie Horticultura]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>95-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourakbar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. B. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stabilization of clayey soil using ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and cement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transp. Geotech.,]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>24-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R. C. Seminario</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Variabilidad de las propiedades de los ladrillos industriales de 18 huecos en la, Piura]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Perú ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Repositorio Institucional PIRHUA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syamsul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of Silica Fume Eggshell Ash and Kaolinite Clay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Eng. Technol. Innov.,]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>2023</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>123-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syamsul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khalid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of utilizing silica fume and eggshell ash on the geotechnical properties of soft kaolin clay]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Teknol.,]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>159-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Standard Specification for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AASHTO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ASTM International</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Unified Soil Classification System (SUCS)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[PA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[West Conshohocken]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Freire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cerâmica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>240</numero>
<issue>240</issue>
<page-range>240-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apriyanti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahriani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of addition of bagasse ash and eggshell powder on CBR value of clay soil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>926</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>012102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Creswell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<edition>4th</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SAGE Publications]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrika]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>591-611</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robust tests for equality of variances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<page-range>278-92</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stanford, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Stanford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snedecor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cochran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical Methods]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<edition>8th</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ames, IA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Iowa State University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tukey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrics]]></source>
<year>1949</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>99-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
