<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2665-0398</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2665-0398</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Aula Virtual]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2665-03982026000102061</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.20271248</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[HACIA UNA GESTIÓN CIRCULAR DE RESIDUOS TECNOLÓGICOS MEDIANTE IA, IOT Y BLOCKCHAIN: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[TOWARDS A CIRCULAR MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL WASTE THROUGH IA, IOT Y BLOCKCHAIN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasquez Salis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yermmy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio Guardia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondragon Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilder]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pajares Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán de Huánuco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Hermilio Valdizán de Huánuco  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Trujillo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela de Posgrado Newman  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Perú</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000102061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000102061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000102061&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La gestión de residuos tecnológicos representa un desafío ambiental creciente debido al aumento del consumo de aparatos eléctricos y electrónicos, la rápida obsolescencia de dispositivos y la necesidad de recuperar materiales bajo criterios de economía circular. En este contexto, resulta relevante examinar cómo las tecnologías emergentes pueden fortalecer los procesos de gestión de RAEE y reducir las limitaciones de los modelos tradicionales. El objetivo del artículo fue analizar las sinergias, barreras y oportunidades reportadas en la literatura para la integración conjunta de inteligencia artificial, Internet de las Cosas y blockchain en los procesos de recolección, clasificación, trazabilidad y reciclaje de residuos tecnológicos. Se desarrolló un artículo de revisión sistemática siguiendo criterios de búsqueda, selección y análisis de estudios científicos recientes indexados en Scopus, organizando la evidencia mediante una matriz de extracción orientada por preguntas de investigación. Los resultados evidenciaron que el IoT facilita la captura de datos y el monitoreo en tiempo real, la inteligencia artificial optimiza la clasificación y la toma de decisiones, mientras que blockchain fortalece la trazabilidad, transparencia e integridad de la información. Sin embargo, persisten barreras asociadas con infraestructura, interoperabilidad, costos, capacidades técnicas y regulación. Se concluye que la convergencia IA-IoT-blockchain ofrece un modelo prometedor para una gestión de RAEE más eficiente, trazable y sostenible.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Technological waste management represents a growing environmental challenge due to the increased consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, the rapid obsolescence of devices, and the need to recover materials under circular economy principles. In this context, it is relevant to examine how emerging technologies can strengthen WEEE management processes and reduce the limitations of traditional models. The objective of this article was to analyze the synergies, barriers, and opportunities reported in the literature for the joint integration of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and blockchain in the processes of collection, classification, traceability, and recycling of technological waste. A systematic review article was developed following search, selection, and analysis criteria for recent scientific studies indexed in Scopus, organizing the evidence using an extraction matrix guided by research questions. The results showed that IoT facilitates data capture and real-time monitoring, artificial intelligence optimizes classification and decision-making, while blockchain strengthens traceability, transparency, and data integrity. However, barriers related to infrastructure, interoperability, costs, technical capabilities, and regulation remain. It is concluded that the AI-IoT-blockchain convergence offers a promising model for more efficient, traceable, and sustainable WEEE management.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inteligencia artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[internet de las cosas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[blockchain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[residuos tecnológicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[economía circular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[internet of things]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blockchain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[e-waste]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[circular economy]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alabdali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain based solid waste classification with AI powered tracking and IoT integration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaoui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belhiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ziti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[IoT-enabled waste management in smart cities: A systematic literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>131-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aragão]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. I. de O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internet das coisas na gestão de resíduos sólidos: revisão sistemática com análise bibliométrica da literatura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental Analysis and Progress]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>194-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atofarati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adogbeji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enweremadu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustainable smart waste management solutions for rapidly urbanizing African cities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Utilities Policy]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>101961</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borandag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A blockchain-based recycling platform using image processing, QR codes, and IoT system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>6116</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrazco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hermida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavala-Tobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bibliometric analysis of the applicability of artificial intelligence in the integrated management of medical waste]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Data &amp; Metadata]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>3</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Industry 4.0 technologies in support of circular economy: A 10R-based integration framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>201</volume>
<page-range>110867</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gulyamov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intelligent waste management using IoT, blockchain technology and data analytics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[E3s Web of Conferences]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>501</volume>
<page-range>01010</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleme&#353;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blockchain technology applications in waste management: Overview, challenges and opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cleaner Production]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>421</volume>
<page-range>138466</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Leveraging digital capabilities toward a circular economy: Reinforcing sustainable supply chain management with Industry 4.0 technologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>178</volume>
<page-range>109113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenzie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossuyt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boutron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoffmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mulrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>372</volume>
<page-range>n71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodrigues]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. de C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G. de F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baierle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A framework for leveraging digital technologies in reverse logistics actions: A systematic literature review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Logistics]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jamwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrawal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pratap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review on digital transformation in healthcare waste management: Applications, research trends and implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Waste Management &amp; Research the Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>828-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential of Advanced Technologies for Environmental Management Systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Management Systems in Production Engineering]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>33-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A smart AI-IoT-blockchain framework for sustainable coal gangue waste systems and circular resource recovery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cleaner Waste Systems]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>100497</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szpilko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. de la T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naharro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rzepka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remiszewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Waste Management in the Smart City: Current Practices and Future Directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resources]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vesma&#537;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.-M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dragomir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayraktar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morari Bayraktar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrating PAYT and emerging technologies for smart waste management: Towards a circular economy framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>3510</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yafeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shevchenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Exploring Digital Technologies and Smart Systems Used in E-Waste Management in China: Seminal Research Themes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>3 (95)</numero>
<issue>3 (95)</issue>
<page-range>3-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
