<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2665-0398</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2665-0398</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Aula Virtual]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2665-03982026000202017</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.21648761</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[AVANCES EN EL USO DE PROCESOS ELECTROQUÍMICOS PARA LA REMEDIACIÓN DE AGUAS CONTAMINADAS CON METALES PESADOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ADVANCES IN THE USE OF ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR THE REMEDIATION OF WATER CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce Altamirano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darwin Rolando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000202017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000202017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2665-03982026000202017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La contaminación de las aguas con metales pesados es consecuencia de actividades humanas como la minería, agricultura y explotación de hidrocarburo, que ocasiona la acumulación de contaminantes como, metales pesados como Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, que requieren acciones de remediación dado el riesgo que representan para la salud humana, por eso el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la eficiencia del uso de métodos electroquímicos para la eliminación de metales pesados en agua. Para ello se hizo un análisis de los avances de la remediación electroquímica mediante una revisión sistemática de 140 artículos científicos en bases de datos científicas como Scopus, SciELO, Latindex y Google académico, de los cuales se seleccionaron 24 artículos que están relacionados con los avances en el uso de procesos electroquímicos para la remediación de aguas contaminadas con metales pesados. Los resultados revelan evidencia en un alarmante aumento de los niveles de contaminación de fuentes de agua, ríos y lagos por la metales pesados, lo que trae como consecuencia una menor disponibilidad de agua potable, y el incremento de los riesgos de problemas de salud pública, por la presencia de estos, sin embargo los hallazgos muestran que los procesos electroquímicos son más eficientes que la fitorremediación y biorremediación , para la eliminación del mismo, porque se sugiere como una alternativa viable para la descontaminación y monitoreo de aguas bajo riesgos de contaminación, procurando reducir los costos y asegurando la capacitación del personal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Water pollution with heavy metals is a consequence of human activities such as mining, agriculture, and hydrocarbon exploitation, which causes the accumulation of contaminants such as heavy metals like Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni, requiring remediation actions given the risk they represent to human health. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of using electrochemical methods for the removal of heavy metals from water. To this end, an analysis of the progress in electrochemical remediation was conducted through a systematic review of 140 scientific articles in scientific databases such as Scopus, SciELO, Latindex, and Google Scholar. From these, 24 articles related to advances in the use of electrochemical processes for the remediation of water contaminated with heavy metals were selected. The results reveal an alarming increase in the levels of contamination of water sources, rivers, and lakes by heavy metals, resulting in reduced availability of potable water and increased risks of public health problems due to their presence. However, the findings show that electrochemical processes are more efficient than phytoremediation and bioremediation for their removal. Therefore, they are suggested as a viable alternative for the decontamination and monitoring of waters at risk of contamination, aiming to reduce costs and ensure personnel training.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[electroquímica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[remediación ríos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contamination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electrochemistry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[river remediation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aneke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in landfills from e-waste disposal and its potential as a pollution source for surface water bodies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Results in Engineering]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>104431</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contaminación por metales pesados en el sistema de riego Latacunga-Salcedo-Ambato: revisión sistemática de riesgos ambientales y sanitario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Selva Andina Biosphere]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>68-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ángeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. D. J. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baptista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quimioremediación de metales pesados en agua mediante síntesis de polímeros basados en química click]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Interdisciplinares de Economía, Empresa y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>31-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benguennouna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benabdelmoumene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahmouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bengharbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamezah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mediani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eco-phytoremediation using Azolla microphylla enhances heavy metal removal, water quality, and biomass valorization in semi-arid wastewater treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Desalination and Water Treatment]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<page-range>101437</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biedunkova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuznietsov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integration of water management in the assessment of the impact of heavy metals discharge from the power plant with mitigation strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Indicators]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>175</volume>
<page-range>113618</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contaminación hídrica por metales pesados en un contexto de cambio climático mediante análisis bibliométrico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Esprint Investigación]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>59-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pancho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis contaminación de suelos por metales pesados en áreas mineras]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ASCE MAGAZINE]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>1009-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. U. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biorremediación de agua contaminada con metales pesados utilizando plumas de pollo en humedales de Ite, Tacna, Perú]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agroindustrial Science]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>35-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambe Caceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biorremediación de agua contaminada con metales pesados utilizando plumas de pollo en humedales de Ite, Tacna, Perú]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Covalent bond modulation of charge transfer for sensitive heavy metal ion analysis in a self-powered electrochemical sensing platform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<page-range>100144</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chuquimbalqui-Marina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azabache-Aliaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordóñez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bardalez-Tuesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tratamiento de aguas residuales mediante electrocoagulación: Análisis bibliométrico de publicaciones científicas y revisión de resultados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Amazónica de Ciencias Ambientales y Ecológicas]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>e802</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon-induced multiscale coupling mechanisms of chlorine release and heavy metal migration during thermal treatment of MSWI fly ash]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<page-range>142101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nanomaterials for the removal and detection of heavy metals: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science: Nano]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>2154-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egbueri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agbasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ElKashouty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing the environmental, health, and food security implications of heavy metals in irrigation water: a multi-index analytical framework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analytical Letters]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>373-408</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orellana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinación de contaminación por metales pesados en muestras de agua superficial y de profundidad del lago de Ilopango, El Salvador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Minerva]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>31-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quispe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contenido de metales pesados en los peces en el Perú: una revisión sistémica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>131-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bharath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlMohamadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M. A. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incorporation of transition metal-oxide on 3D porous carbon network for electrochemical water desalination and heavy-metals removal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electrochimica Acta]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>528</volume>
<page-range>146337</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Javed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mushtaq]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A critical review of electrocoagulation and other electrochemical methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int. J. Chem. Biochem. Sci]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>98-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of electrochemical reactors for the efficient removal of heavy metals from wastewater]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khorasani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review on different electroanalytical techniques used in the development of heavy metal ions electrochemical sensors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of New Chemistry]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>149-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kyabutwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alyamni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zestos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent trends in electrochemical methods for real-time detection of heavy metals in water and soil: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current Opinion in Electrochemistry]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<page-range>101749</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olagbemide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogunnusi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akpor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heavy metal contamination: Sources, health impacts, and sustainable mitigation strategies with insights from nigerian case studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[F1000Research]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>134</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent advances in bioelectrochemical approaches for sustainable environmental remediation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Electrochemical Science]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>101077</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Removal of Cu and Pb in Contaminated Loess by Electrokinetic Remediation Using Novel Hydrogel Electrodes Coupled with Focusing Position Adjustment and Exchange Electrode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Processes]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>2915</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Madjar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasile Sc&#259;e&#539;eanu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview of heavy metal contamination in water from agriculture: origins, monitoring, risks, and control measures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>7368</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mourdikoudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dominguez&#8208;Benetton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physicochemical vs electrochemical technologies for metal recovery-main insights, comparison, complementarity and challenges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemistry&#8208;Methods]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>5</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oladimeji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oyedemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emetere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agboola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adeoye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odunlami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review on the impact of heavy metals from industrial wastewater effluent and removal technologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heliyon]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>10</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ondrasek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shepherd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathod]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dharavath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brtnicky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rengel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metal contamination-a global environmental issue: sources, implications &amp; advances in mitigation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RSC advances]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>3904-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J. J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacto de la contaminación del agua por la producción pecuaria: consecuencias ambientales y riesgos para la salud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación LOGIKÉ]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>38-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Sciences Europe]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco-Marchán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vergara-Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ordinola-Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revisión sistemática sobre la contaminación por metales pesados de suelos agrícolas del Perú]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>146-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rafique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tahir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gillani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irshad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review on sources of heavy metals, their toxicity and removal technique using physico-chemical processes from wastewater]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Science and Pollution Research]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>16772-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. D. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Traslaviña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disonancias entre percepción psicoambiental y contaminación hídrica por metales pesados en zonas agroganaderas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agroecología Global. Revista Electrónica de Ciencias del Agro y Mar]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>16-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero-Sáez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Eliminación de complejos antibiótico-metal en aguas residuales mediante métodos electroquímicos: una revisión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[TecnoLógicas]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>28</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naithani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panwar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Behera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated water: conventional vs. advanced methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Water]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>1749800</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Amino-enriched Zn-MOFs with self-reduction for energy-free simultaneous removal and electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in the aquatic environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analytica Chimica Acta]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>1333</volume>
<page-range>343408</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent developments in heavy metals detection: Modified electrodes, pretreatment methods, prediction models and algorithms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Metals]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shofia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vickram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deivayanai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaashikaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustainable separation technologies for heavy metal removal from wastewater: An upgraded review of physicochemical methods and its advancements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>100264</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulthana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iqbal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suseela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anbazhagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinthaginjala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chitathuru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electrochemical sensors for heavy metal ion detection in aqueous medium: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ACS omega]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>25493-512</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. I. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La química "Clic" como actor clave en los procesos de monitoreo y remediación ambiental]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Interdisciplinares de Economía, Empresa y Gobierno]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>25-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzaluz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peláez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nanotecnología al rescate del agua]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contactos, Revista de Educación en Ciencias e Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2026</year>
<numero>145</numero>
<issue>145</issue>
<page-range>95-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Direct current electrochemical method for removal and recovery of heavy metals from water using straw biochar electrode]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cleaner Production]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>339</volume>
<page-range>130746</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yadav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaitanya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heavy metals contamination and their phytoremediation in soil and water for sustainable environmental restoration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Discover Environment]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Graphitic carbon nitride nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensing interfaces for monitoring heavy metal ions in aqueous environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanomaterials]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>564</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nugroho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global trends and prospects in research on heavy metal pollution at contaminated sites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Environmental Management]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>383</volume>
<page-range>125402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent advances in designable nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors for environmental heavy-metal detection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanoscale]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>2386-407</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
