<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2737-6419</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Athenea]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Athenea]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2737-6419</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AutanaBooks, con el apoyo institucional de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre", Vicerrectorado Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2737-64192025000100007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47460/athenea.v6i19.87</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mathematical model to evaluate the stresses and strains of oil strings in transient state]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelo matemático para evaluar las tensiones y deformaciones de las sartas petroleras en estado transitorio]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franyelit]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosales-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de las Américas Departamento de Matemáticas y Ciencias Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre" Vice Rectorado Puerto Ordaz ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puerto Ordaz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre" Vice Rectorado Puerto Ordaz ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puerto Ordaz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>19</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. This study presents the development of a mathematical model to assess the performance of oil strings during the drilling process of a reservoir, considering the dynamic conditions and operational characteristics of the equipment during its functions, and taking into account the mechanical properties of API K55 steel. The research resulted in a set of equations that model the behavior of stresses and deformations experienced by the oil tools when transmitting torque, facilitating the opening of the reservoir. A finite element analysis was conducted to evaluate the structural behavior of the strings and to estimate the time required to reach permanent deformations, as well as the time before failure occurs.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este estudio presenta el desarrollo de un modelo matemático para evaluar el desempeño de las sartas petroleras durante el proceso de perforación de un reservorio, considerando las condiciones dinámicas y características operacionales del equipo durante sus funciones, y teniendo en cuenta las propiedades mecánicas del acero API K55. La investigación dio como resultado un conjunto de ecuaciones que modelan el comportamiento de las tensiones y deformaciones experimentadas por las herramientas petrolíferas al transmitir el par de torsión, facilitando la apertura del yacimiento. Se realizó un análisis de elementos finitos para evaluar el comportamiento estructural de las sartas y estimar el tiempo necesario para alcanzar deformaciones permanentes, así como el tiempo antes de que se produzca el fallo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil string]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[deformation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stresses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lifespan]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sarta petrolera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[deformación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tensiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vida útil]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review of Present Knowledge Regarding the Petroleum Resources of South America]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the AIME]]></source>
<year>1917</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>01</numero>
<issue>01</issue>
<page-range>914-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Franco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montalván]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velastegui-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caicedo-Potosí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vulnerability in a Populated Coastal Zone and Its Influence by Oil Wells in Santa Elena, Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resources]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maddela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scalvenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venkateswarlu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microbial degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in crude oil: a field-scale study at the low-land rainforest of Ecuador]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Technology]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>2543-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lukawski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cost analysis of oil, gas, and geothermal well drilling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<page-range>1-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Assaad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Surface Geophysical Petroleum Exploration Methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Field Methods for Petroleum Geologists]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>21-3</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin, Hei-delberg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vafidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanasewich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wave propagation in heterogeneous, porous media: A velocity&#8208;stress, finite&#8208;difference method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GEOPHYSICS]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>327-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ram&#305;rez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrazabal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Imagenología sísmica 3D post-apilamiento en exploración petrolera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Conference CIMENICS]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borregales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buitrago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Generación de mallas de cuadriláteros para yacimientos bidimensionales con fronteras internas complejas]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calvete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo de un modelo computacional para flujo bifásico en tres dimensiones usando el método de volúmenes finitos]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simulación computacional en la industria del gas y petróleo. Casos de aplicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Atenea]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>8-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis y simulación numérica por MEF de los esfuerzos y deformaciones sometidas a cargas y temperaturas en ductos terrestres para transporte de petróleo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Insausti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis y Modelado de los Esfuerzos en una Sección de Cemento de un Pozo Petrolero Utilizando el Método de Elementos de Contorno (MEC)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mecánica Computacional]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>XXXI</volume>
<page-range>1065-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Simulación numérica por el Método de los Elementos de Contorno. Utilización de elementos isoparamétricos parabólicos]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 1erSimposium Nacional sobre Modelado y Simulación en la Industria y Servicios Públicos]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Sevilla </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Del Toro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pimienta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biblioteca Digital Personalizada sobre Simulación Numérica en la Industria petrolera]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cuba ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de las Ciencias Informáticas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Efendiev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Generalized Multiscale Finite-Element Method (GMsFEM) for elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous, anisotropic media]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Computational Physics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>295</volume>
<page-range>161-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcondes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepehrnoori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An element-based finite-volume method approach for heterogeneous and anisotropic compositional reservoir simulation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>99-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blondel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer-assisted interpretation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Handbook of Sidescan Sonar]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>249-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin, Heidelberg ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acoustic wave and eikonal equations in a transformed metric space for various types of anisotropy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Heliyon]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mellor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Dirac Delta Function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medium]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Stability Analysis and Switching Criteria for Adaptive Implicit Methods Based on the CFL Condition]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ SPE Symposium on Reservoir Simulation]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Houston, Texas </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
