<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0004-0622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ALAN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0004-0622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0004-06222000000300003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeitos farmacológicos da suplementação dietética com arginina em ratos com tumor sólido de Walker 256]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novaes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.R.C.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribeiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.E.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maga/hães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morhy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Brasília Centro Brasileiro de Sequenciamento de Proteinas Departamento de Biologia Celular]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Brasilia D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2000</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>230</fpage>
<lpage>236</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0004-06222000000300003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Os efeitos da suplementação com arginina na dieta de portadores de câncer são controversos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética com arginina no cresciemnto tumoral, disserninação metastática, metabolismo de aminoácidos, alterações hematológicas, tempo de sobrevida e peso corporal de ratos Wistar com tumor sólido de Walker 256. Foram administradas soluções por via gástrica, contendo arginina nas concentrações de 4%, 6% e dieta padrão (controle). A suplementação com arginina inibiu a disseminação de células tumorais no modelo experimental, embora o crescimento tumoral não tenha sido afetado significantemente. O tempo de sobrevida dos animais com tumor sólido não foi afetado de forma significativa. Foi observado diminuição significativa do peso corpóreo após a administração da arginina a 6% (p<0.05). O metabolismo dos aminoácidos foi estimulado após ingestão de suplementos com arginina, evidenciado pelos aumentos significativos dos níveis sanguíneos de arginina, ornitina, citrulina, prolina e histidina quando comparados ao grupo controle (p<0.001). O grau de anemia no tumor sólido foi menos severo nos grupos que receberam suplementação com arginina, evidenciado através do hemograma (p<0.001) e da análise citológica. Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação dietética com arginina a 6% apresentou algum efeito benéfico no tumor sólido de Walker 256 que ultrapassa o efeito nutricional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Pharmacological effects of arginine supplementation in rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. The effects of diet arginine supplementation for those with cancer are controversial. We evaluate the effects of dietetic supplementation with arginine over body weight, growth of tumor, metastatic dissemination, surviving time, amino acid metabolism, haematological changes of the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. Intragastrical solutions with arginine at 4% and 6%, a standard diet (control) were administered to the animals. The supplementation with arginine was associated with a lower weight gain during the study period (p<0.05). Surviving time of the rats with solid tumor did not vary significantly between the groups. The rate of metastase was lower in animals with Walker 256 solid tumor supplemented with arginine. The amino acid metabolism was estimulate in the animals after arginin supplementation at 4% and 6%, demonstrated by significant increases in blood levels of arginine, ornitine, citruline, proline and histidin when compared to the control group. Anaemia was less severe in the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor that received arginine supplementation. The results suggest that arginine 6% supplementation may have pharmacologic effect in rats with Walker 256 solid beyon the nutritional one.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Suplementação com arginina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tumor de Walker 256]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[metástase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[metabolismo de aminoácidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[tempo de sobrevida]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Arginine supplementation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Walker 256 tumor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surviving time]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[metastases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amino acids metabolism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <B><FONT SIZE=4>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Efeitos farmacol&oacute;gicos da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o</FONT></B> <FONT SIZE=4> <B>diet&eacute;tica com arginina em ratos com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256</P> </B></FONT><I>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">M.R.C.G. Novaes, L.A.M. Lima, J.E.G. Ribeiro, A. V. Maga/h&atilde;es, M. V. Sousa, L. Morhy</P> </I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Universidade de Bras&iacute;lia (UnB), Centro Brasileiro de Sequenciamento de Prote&iacute;nas, Departamento de Biologia Celular. Brasilia, D.F. Brasil</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">RESUMO</B>. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os efeitos da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina na dieta de portadores de c&acirc;ncer s&atilde;o controversos. O objetivo deste trabalho &eacute; avaliar os efeitos da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina no cresciemnto tumoral, dissernina&ccedil;&atilde;o metast&aacute;tica, metabolismo de amino&aacute;cidos, altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hematol&oacute;gicas, tempo de sobrevida e peso corporal de ratos Wistar com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256. Foram administradas solu&ccedil;&otilde;es por via g&aacute;strica, contendo arginina nas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es de 4%, 6% e dieta padr&atilde;o (controle). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina inibiu a dissemina&ccedil;&atilde;o de c&eacute;lulas tumorais no modelo experimental, embora o crescimento tumoral n&atilde;o tenha sido afetado significantemente. O tempo de sobrevida dos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido n&atilde;o foi afetado de forma significativa. Foi observado diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o significativa do peso corp&oacute;reo ap&oacute;s a administra&ccedil;&atilde;o da arginina a 6% (p&lt;0.05). O metabolismo dos amino&aacute;cidos foi estimulado ap&oacute;s ingest&atilde;o de suplementos com arginina, evidenciado pelos aumentos significativos dos n&iacute;veis sangu&iacute;neos de arginina, ornitina, citrulina, prolina e histidina quando comparados ao grupo controle (p&lt;0.001). O grau de anemia no tumor s&oacute;lido foi menos severo nos grupos que receberam suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina, evidenciado atrav&eacute;s do hemograma (p&lt;0.001) e da an&aacute;lise citol&oacute;gica. Os resultados sugerem que a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina a 6% apresentou algum efeito ben&eacute;fico no tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 que ultrapassa o efeito nutricional. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Palavras-chaves</B>: Suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina, tumor de Walker 256, met&aacute;stase, metabolismo de amino&aacute;cidos, tempo de sobrevida. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">SUMMARY. </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Pharmacological effects of arginine supplementation in rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. The effects of diet arginine supplementation for those with cancer are controversial. We evaluate the effects of dietetic supplementation with arginine over body weight, growth of tumor, metastatic dissemination, surviving time, amino acid metabolism, haematological changes of the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor. Intragastrical solutions with arginine at 4% and 6%, a standard diet (control) were administered to the animals. The supplementation with arginine was associated with a lower weight gain during the study period (p&lt;0.05). Surviving time of the rats with solid tumor did not vary significantly between the groups. The rate of metastase was lower in animals with Walker 256 solid tumor supplemented with arginine. The amino acid metabolism was estimulate in the animals after arginin supplementation at 4% and 6%, demonstrated by significant increases in blood levels of arginine, ornitine, citruline, proline and histidin when compared to the control group. Anaemia was less severe in the rats with Walker 256 solid tumor that received arginine supplementation. The results suggest that arginine 6% supplementation may have pharmacologic effect in rats with Walker 256 solid beyon the nutritional one. </P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Key words</B>: Arginine supplementation, Walker 256 tumor, surviving time, metastases, amino acids metabolism.</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Recibido: 17-08-1999 <FONT SIZE=2>Aceptado:26-06- 2000 </P> </FONT><B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">INTRODU&Ccedil;&Atilde;O</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A influ&ecirc;ncia da arginina sobre o crescimento tumoral e nutri&ccedil;&atilde;o do hospedeiro tem sido investigada por mais de 60 anos (1-4). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A proposi&ccedil;&atilde;o para o uso de quantidades suplementares de arginina no suporte nutricional do portador de c&acirc;ncer tem sido avaliada como aporte de substrato nitrogenado e por seus efeitos farmacol&oacute;gicos, que possivelmente, ampliam os mecanismos de defesa imunol&oacute;gicos envolvidos e, consequentemente, possibilitam a melhora do progn&oacute;stico do paciente. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Este amino&aacute;cido tem apresentado m&uacute;ltiplas a&ccedil;&otilde;es fisiol&oacute;gicas e farmacol&oacute;gicas. &Eacute; precursor metab&oacute;lico da creatina, da creatinina, de poliaminas e do &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico, e tem impar tan te participa&ccedil;&atilde;o no ciclo da ur&eacute;ia. &Eacute; descrito tamb&eacute;m como estimulador do horm&ocirc;nio de crescimento hipofis&aacute;rio, e tem sido relacionado ao aumento da atividade das c&eacute;lulas <I>killer e T-helper. </I>ao est&iacute;mulo da produ&ccedil;&atilde;o das citocinas interleucina 1 (IL-l), interleucina-2 (IL-2), receptor para IL-2, interleucina 6 (IL-6) e ao fator alfa de necrose do tumor (TNF-alfa) que s&atilde;o importantes mediadores na g&ecirc;nese da caquexia (5).</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Apesar de serem descritas na literatura muitas a&ccedil;&otilde;es da arginina, os resultados em portadores de c&acirc;ncer ainda s&atilde;o insuficientes e controversos. <I>In vitro, </I>L-arginina pode inibir estimular linhagens celulares de c&acirc;ncer (7). <I>In vivo, </I>estudos experimentais demonstraram tamb&eacute;m estimula&ccedil;&atilde;o (4.6.8) inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento tumoral (1,3,9,10). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Neste estudo utilizamos o tumor de Walker 256, s&oacute;lido, para avaliar os efeitos da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina no crescimento tumoral, dissemina&ccedil;&atilde;o metast&aacute;tica, tempo de sobrevida, peso corporal, metabolismo dos amino&aacute;cidos e altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hematol&oacute;gicas. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">MATERIAIS E METODOS</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Prepara&ccedil;&atilde;o dos animais </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Ratos Wistar machos e jovens (42-48 dias), pesando, 142.34±19.36g, foram distribu&iacute;dos em gaiolas contendo em m&eacute;dia cinco ratos e mantidos durante dois dias, sob id&ecirc;nticas , condi&ccedil;&otilde;es ambientais, com ciclos de luz de l2h/dia, ra&ccedil;&atilde;o e &aacute;gua <I>ad libitum. </P> </I><B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Proced&ecirc;ncia, manuten&ccedil;&atilde;o e inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o do tumor de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A linhagem A do Tumor de Walker 256 (origem: <I>The Christ Hospital Line, National Cancer lnstitute Bank, Cambridge, Mass., USA), </I>foi obtida junto &agrave; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) e conservada em nitrog&ecirc;nio l&iacute;quidoa-160°C. A t&eacute;cnica de inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o utilizada nos animais foi multifocal e subcut&acirc;nea na regi&atilde;o dorso-lombar, totalizando 4 inocula&ccedil;&otilde;es por animal, com aproximadamente 4 milh&otilde;es de c&eacute;lulas por inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o (11). </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dieta dos animais e posologia da arginina</B> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A ra&ccedil;&atilde;o utilizada no estudo (Labina, Agribrands Purina do Brasil Ltda), continha em sua composi&ccedil;&atilde;o arginina (1.5%), prote&iacute;na (23.0%), minerais (8.0%), fibras (9.0%) e vitaminas (tra&ccedil;os). A arginina, foi obtida na forma de cloridrato de arginina (Laborat&oacute;rio Ajinomoto do Brasil) e administrada pura, dilu&iacute;da em &aacute;gua destilada, nas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es de 4% e 6% das calorias totais estimadas do valor cal&oacute;rico (VCT) de um rato jovem. Um rato jovem consome cerca de 15g/ dia de ra&ccedil;&atilde;o o que corresponde aproximadamente 47.3 kcal/dia. A dieta padr&atilde;o n&atilde;o continha a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o de arginina. Todas as solu&ccedil;&otilde;es foram introduzidas no animal atrav&eacute;s de entuba&ccedil;&atilde;o g&aacute;strica, iniciadas doze horas ap&oacute;s a inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o das c&eacute;lulas tumorais, mantendo-se esta periodicidade de administra&ccedil;&atilde;o (12/12 horas).</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Alterac&atilde;o ponderal e peso da carca&ccedil;a </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A altera&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o no peso corp&oacute;reo foi calculada pela subtra&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o entre a m&eacute;dia do peso final (animal morto) e o peso inicial. O peso da carca&ccedil;a dos animais correspondeu ao &uacute;ltimo peso do animal subtraindo-se o peso dos tumores.</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Exame anatomo-patol&oacute;gico dos animais</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A necr&oacute;psia dos animais foi realizada com eviscera&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o total em monoblocos, os quais foram fixados em formalde&iacute;do a 10%. O material selecionado foi inclu&iacute;do em parafina, seccionado em micr&oacute;tomo rotativo com 5 micr&ocirc;metros de espessura e corado pelo m&eacute;todo da hematoxilina-eosina, para an&aacute;lise histopatol&oacute;gica. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Pesagem e determina&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o do volume dos tumores </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os tumores foram pesados em balan&ccedil;a anal&iacute;tica. O peso final refere-se a m&eacute;dia dos quatro tumores de cada rato, conforme validado previamente (11). O vo1ume do tumor Coi estimado utilizando-se a f&oacute;rmula: V=L.W.D./6, onde: L &eacute; o comprimento, W &eacute; a largura e D &eacute; a espessura. As medi&ccedil;&otilde;es foram fe&iacute;tas com paqu&iacute;metro, com precis<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;o</FONT> de duas casas decimais e aferido pela Associa&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o Brasileira de Normas T&eacute;cnicas (ABNT) (4, 12). </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dosagem dos amino&aacute;cidos plasm&aacute;ticos </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A an&aacute;lise dos amino&aacute;cidos Coi realizada no analisador Hitachi L-8500, por cromatografia de troca i&ocirc;nica com coluna de alta resolu&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o, seguida da detec&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o com ninhidrina na fase p&oacute;s-coluna. O coeficiente de varia&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o do analisador apresentou- se inferior a 0.8%.</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dosagem de creatinina, ur&eacute;ia e glicose no soro </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Para a determina&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o da creatinina Coi utilizado o m&eacute;todo cin&eacute;tico (LABORLAB, Brasil). Para a determina&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o de ur&eacute;ia foi utilizado o m&eacute;todo cin&eacute;tico UV (urease-GLDH, CELM, Brasil). A determina&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o da glicose foi realizada pelo m&eacute;todo enzim&aacute;tico (LABORLAB, Brasil). Os valores obtidos foram expressos em mg/dl. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">An&aacute;lise hematol&oacute;gica </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Foram colhidos 3ml de sangue venosocom anticoagulante (EDT A a 10%) por pun&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o card&iacute;aca e realizado o hemograma, utilizando-se o Contador diferencial de c&eacute;lulas (Mod. CDI.) </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">An&aacute;lise estat&iacute;stica </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A an&aacute;lise estat&iacute;stica foi desenvolvida no software SAS (Statistical Analysis System), vers<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o 6.12. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se os procedimentos de an&aacute;lise de vari&acirc;ncia (ANOVA) e, posteriormente, os testes de Duncan e Student- Newman-Keuls. A signific&acirc;ncia estat&iacute;stica aceita foi p&lt;0.05. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">RESULTADOS</P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Efeito da suplementa&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o com arginina no desenvolvimento do tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 e no tempo de sobrevida dos animais </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A arginina n<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o afetou a incid&ecirc;ncia nem o per&iacute;odo de lat&ecirc;ncia, sendo que os tumores tornaram-se palp&aacute;veis entre 3 a 4 d&iacute;as ap&oacute;s inocula&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A suplementa&ccedil;<FONT SIZE=2>&atilde;</FONT>o com arginina a 6% tendeu a reduzir o volume do tumor (3.35±0.56 cm3), quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu a suplementa~ao com arginina a 4% (3.51±0.58 cm3) e ao grupo simplesmente tratado com dieta padr&atilde;o (3.85±0.32 cm3), n&atilde;o atingindo diferen&ccedil;a estat&iacute;stica (p&lt;0.06). O peso do tumor tamb&eacute;m tendeu a apresentar-se menor ap&oacute;s a administra&ccedil;&atilde;o de arginina a 6% (4.85±1.51g), quando comparado &agrave;s administra&ccedil;&otilde;es de arginina a 4% (5.01±1.62g) e com dieta padr&atilde;o (5.20±1.58g), n&atilde;o sendo entretanto esta diferen&ccedil;a estat&iacute;sticamente significativa (p0.06) (<a href="#tab1">Tabela 1</a>).</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O tempo de sobrevida dos animais n&atilde;o apresentou diferen&ccedil;a significativa entre grupos (P&lt;0.06), (<a href="#tab1">Tabela 1</a>).</P> <B><a name="tab1"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">TABELA 1</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Efeito da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina em ratos com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256</P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=535> <TR><TD WIDTH="31%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P>&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="left">Diestas </P>     <P ALIGN="left">Arginina 6%</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="left">&nbsp;     <P ALIGN="left">Arginina 4%</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="left">&nbsp;     <P ALIGN="left">Dieta padr&atilde;o</TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="31%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Peso do tumor (g) *</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Volume do tomor (cm<SUP>3</SUP>)+</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Tempo sobrevida (h)++</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>     <P ALIGN="right">4.85±1.51</P>     <P ALIGN="right">3.35±0.56</P>     <P ALIGN="right">153.71±67.86</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="right">5.01±1.62</P>     <P ALIGN="right">3.51±0.58</P>     <P ALIGN="right">148.31±62.40</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="right">5.20±1.58</P>     <P ALIGN="right">3.85±0.52</P>     <P ALIGN="right">107.73±64.10</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3">An&aacute;lise de vari&acirc;ncia (ANOVA). Testes aplicados: Ducan, Student- Newman-Keuls. *P&lt;0.06, NS: <SUP>+</SUP>PO.06, NS: ++P&lt;0.06, NS. Os valores representam a m&eacute;dia ±DP (n=52) em cada grupo.</font></P> </DIR>  <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Efeito da suplementa&ccedil;ao com arginina no desenvolvimento metast&aacute;tico do tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Nos animais inoculados com tumor s&oacute;lido, as c&eacute;lulas apresentaram-se como uma neoplasia homog&ecirc;nea e mon&oacute;to-na, com caracter&iacute;sticas poligonais ou irregulares, isoladas ou em pequenos grupos, com limites citoplasm&aacute;ticos imprecisos. O citoplasma apresentou-se escasso, basof&iacute;lico; os n&uacute;cleos volumosos, de tamanhos variados, com nucl&eacute;olos proeminentes e alto &iacute;ndice mit&oacute;tico. O tumor infiltrou os feixes musculares e a pele por contiguidade. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No grupo que recebeu simplesmente a dieta padr&atilde;o, foi observado comprometimento visceral do pulm&atilde;o e f&iacute;gado, de intensidade moderada a acentuada, com caracter&iacute;sticas histopatol&oacute;gicas semelhantes, em 100% dos animais necropsiados. No pulm&atilde;o foi observada met&aacute;stase nodular volumosa peri-br&ocirc;nquica e infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o nos septos interlobares de intensidade moderada a acentuada, caracterizando provavelmente uma dissemina&ccedil;&atilde;o metast&aacute;sica de origem linf&aacute;tica. No f&iacute;gado destes animais, foi encontrada hepatoesplenomegalia com infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o de c&eacute;lulas neopl&aacute;sicas, intra, extra-lobular e sinosoidal, de intensidade moderada.</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Na an&aacute;lise histopatol&oacute;gica dos animais com tumor de Walker 256, que receberam suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 4%, foi observado comprometimento pulmonar e hep&aacute;tico de intensidade moderada. No pulm&atilde;o foi observada met&aacute;stase nodular de intensidade discreta. Os animais apresentaram esplenomegalia, com infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o de c&eacute;lulas neopl&aacute;sicas intra e extra-lobulares, de intensidade discreta, em 100% dos animais do grupo. No rim foram observadas discretas altera&ccedil;&otilde;es degenerativas das c&eacute;lulas tubulares renais, por&eacute;m com aus&ecirc;ncia de c&eacute;lulas turnarais.</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O comprometimento pulmonar e hep&aacute;tico tamb&eacute;m foi encontrado no grupo que recebeu a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 6%. No pulm&atilde;o foi observada infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o neopl&aacute;sica peri vascular (&uacute;nico n&oacute;dulo) em 80% dos animais necropsiados, de intensidade discreta. No f&iacute;gado destes animais, foi encontrada infiltra&ccedil;&atilde;o neopl&aacute;sica inter e extra-lobulares, em 80% dos animais necropsiados, de intensidade discreta. No rim, foram notadaas as discretas altera&ccedil;&otilde;es degenerativas das c&eacute;lulas tubulares renais, descritas anteriormente no grupo que recebeu arginina a 4%. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Efeito da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina no peso corp&oacute;reo e peso da carca&ccedil;a dos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Todos os ratos machos e jovens inoculados com o tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256, apresentaram ganho ponderal, independente da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica, todavia a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina esteve associada a um menor ganho ponderal, durante o per&iacute;odo de estudo quando comparado aos animais do grupo que recebeu somente a dieta padr&atilde;o (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A an&aacute;lise da altera&ccedil;&atilde;o no peso dos animais possibilitou verificar que um menor ganho ponderal esteve relacionada &agrave; dosagem de arginina a 6%, sendo obtida uma pequena altera&ccedil;&atilde;o corp&oacute;rea (3.55±16.69g), quando comparado aos grupos suplementados com a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o a 4% (8.64±16.50g) e com dieta padr&atilde;o (15.28±20.50g), sendo esta diferen&ccedil;a estat&iacute;sticamente significativa apenas entre os grupos arg 6% x dieta padr&atilde;o (p&lt;0.05), (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O peso m&eacute;dio da carca&ccedil;a decresceu nos animais que receberam a sup1ementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 6% (140.55±20.50g), quando comparado aos animais que receberam a arginina a 4% (145.49 ±19.40g) e a dieta padr&atilde;o (152.87±22.68g), sendo a diferen&ccedil;a estat&iacute;sticamente significativa apenas entre os grupos que receberam a arginina 6% e a dieta padr&atilde;o (p&lt;0.05), (<a href="#tab2">Tabela 2</a>). </P> <B><a name="tab2"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">TABELA 2</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Altera&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal corp&oacute;rea nos animais inoculados com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256, ap&oacute;s suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina</P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=535> <TR><TD WIDTH="31%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Peso (g)</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Diestas </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Arginina 6%</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Arginina 4%</TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dieta padr&atilde;o</TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="31%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Peso inicial</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Peso final</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Altera&ccedil;&atilde;o no peso <SUP>+</P> </SUP>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Peso da carca&ccedil;a<SUP>+</SUP></FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">141.85±16.41</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">145.40±20.50</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">3.55±16.69</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">140.55±20.50</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">141.86±16.24</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">150.50±19.40</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">8.64±16.50</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">145.49±19.40</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="23%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">142.79±22.40</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">158.07±22.68</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">15.28±20.50</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">152.87±22.68</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3">An&aacute;lise de vari&acirc;ncia (ANOVA). Testes aplicados: Duncan, Student- Newman-Keuls. + arg 6% x dieta padr&atilde;o, p&lt;0.05. Demais rela&ccedil;&otilde;es NS. Os valores representam a media ± DP (n=52) em cada grupo</font></P></DIR>  <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Efeito da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina nas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es plasm&aacute;ticas dos amino&aacute;cidos nos animais con tumor de Walker 256</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Foi observado um aumento significativo nas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es plasm&aacute;ticas de arginina, citrulina, ornitina, prolina e histidina (arg 6% arg 4% x dieta padr&atilde;o, p&lt;0.001), (<a href="#tab3">Tabela 3</a>).</P> <B><a name="tab3"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">TABELA 3</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Altera&ccedil;&otilde;es na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o plasm&aacute;tica dos amino&aacute;cidos (AA) plasm&aacute;ticos ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina, em ratos con tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256</P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=472> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=4>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Dieta</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">AA (nmol/l)</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Arginina 6%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">Argininia 4%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Dieta Padr&atilde;o</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Arginina*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">157.68±15.39</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">123.70±11.91</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">101.50±13.38</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Ornitina*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">156.00±10.77</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">107.40±12.79</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">80.07±14.35</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Citrulina*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">78.96±17.55</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">66.69±14.99</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">53.80±11.46</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Lisina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">174.18±10.51</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">159.83±11.29</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">143.35±12.64</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Histidina*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">79.00±16.47</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">57.98±17.16</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">41.20±10.08</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Prolina*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">163.90±14.86</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">157.00±15.20</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">114.11±15.71</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Valina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">181.24±13.28</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">160.63±18.71</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">151.73±12.91</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Metionina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">67.27±21.18</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">50.86±11.00</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">48.26±18.51</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Isoleucina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">72.57±17.77</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">64.47±26.99</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">60.60±11.74</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Leucina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">151.80±12.49</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">120.42±20.47</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">132.64±25.49</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Feniletilamina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">77.62±26.42</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">68.58±19.28</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">65.12±13.87</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Treonina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">151.71±14.54</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">148.19±26.62</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">133.69±20.51</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Glicina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">339.20±17.67</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">322.97±13.18</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">318.68±12.48</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Alanina</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">229.57±23.34</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">217.40±21.91</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">209.70±22.48</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3">An&aacute;lise univariada (ANOVA). Testes aplicados: Duncan, Student- Newman-Keuls. *Arg 6% x dieta padr&atilde;o (P&lt;0.001); *arg 6% x arg 4% (P&lt;0.001); *arg 4% x dieta padr&atilde;o (P&lt;0.001). Demais rela&ccedil;&otilde;es NS. Os valores representam a m&eacute;dia ± DP (n=20) em cada grupo.</font> </P></DIR> </DIR>  <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Dosagem de ur&eacute;ia, creatinina e glicose nos animais com tumor de Walker 256 </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Naoforam encontradas altera&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas nos n&iacute;veis de ur&eacute;ia (P&lt;0.09) e creatinina (P&lt;0.12) e glicose (P&lt;0.16) nos animais suplementados com arginina, quando comparados ao grupo que recebeu apenas a dieta padr&atilde;o (<a href="#tab4">Tabela 4</a>). </P> <B><a name="tab4"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">TABELA 4</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de ur&eacute;ia, creatinina e glicose ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina em ratos com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256</P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=472> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=4>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Dieta</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P>&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Arginina 6%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Argininia 4%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Dieta Padr&atilde;o</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Ur&eacute;ia*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">119.00±8.9</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">113.00±7.1</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">110.00±9.0</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Creatinina+</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">71.00±21.0</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">67.00±25.0</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">64.00±19.0</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Glicose++</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">181.00±11.0</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">175.00±16.0</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">170.00±14.0</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3">An&aacute;lise univariada (ANOVA). Testes aplicados: Duncan, Student-Newman-Keuls. *P&lt;0.09, NS; <SUP>+</SUP>P&lt;0.12, NS; <SUP>++</SUP>P&lt;0.16, NS. Os valores representam a m&eacute;dia ±DP (n=20) em cada grupo. Unidade de refer&ecirc;ncia: mg/dl.</font> </P></DIR> </DIR>  <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hematol&oacute;gicas obtidas ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina nos animais inoculados com tumor de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O grupo de animais que recebeu dieta padr&atilde;o apresentou menores &iacute;ndices hematim&eacute;tricos quando comparados aos grupos que receberam arginina (p&lt;0.001). O n&uacute;mero de leuc&oacute;citos n&atilde;o apresentou diferen&ccedil;a estat&iacute;sticamente significativa entre os grupos estudados (P&lt;0.06), (<a href="#tab5">Tabela 5</a>). </P> <B><a name="tab5"></a>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">TABELA 5</P> </B>     <P ALIGN="CENTER">Altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hematol&oacute;gicas ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o con arginina em ratos com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256</P>     <CENTER><TABLE BORDER CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=472> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=4>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><B>Dieta</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P>&nbsp;</TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Arginina 6%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">Argininia 4%</B></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">Dieta Padr&atilde;o</B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Eritr&oacute;citos*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">3.02±0.21</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">2.77±0.17</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">2.47±0.17</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Hemoglobinas*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">6.77±0.34</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">6.06±0.18</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">5.75±0.18</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P>Hematocrito*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">24.25±0.51</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">23.75±0.21</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">23.20±0.64</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Leucocitos*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">5.65±0.58</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">5.57±0.48</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">5.50±0.40</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Neutr&oacute;filos*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">6.00±0.83</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER">4.90±0.95</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">4.00±0.80</FONT></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="27%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P>Linf&oacute;citos*</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="22%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">4.10±0.26</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="26%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">2.70±0.45</FONT></TD> <TD WIDTH="25%" VALIGN="TOP"> <FONT SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="CENTER">2.40±0.32</FONT></TD> </TR> </TABLE> </CENTER> <DIR> <DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font size="3">An&aacute;lise univariada (ANOVA). Testes aplicados: Duncan, Student- Newman-Keuls. *Arg6% x arg 4%, P&lt;0.001; arg 6% x dieta padr&atilde;o, P&lt;0.001 e arg 4% x dieta padr&atilde;o, P&lt;0.001. Demais rela&ccedil;&otilde;es NS. Os resultados representam a m&eacute;dia±DP (n=20) em cada grupo.</font> </P></DIR> </DIR>      <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No hemograma do grupo suplementado com arginina a 6% a citomorfologia dos eritr&oacute;citos indicou policromasia (52.6%±0.30) e eritroblastose (40.0%±0.44) em quantidade que tendeu a ser superior a observada no grupo suplementado com arginina a 4% (46.0%±0.63 e 34.0%±0.62) e que recebeu somente a dieta padr&atilde;o (39.0%±0.30 e 31.0%±0.52). </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">DISCUSS&Atilde;O</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Desenvolvimento do tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 e tempo de sobrevida dos animais </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O tumor de Walker 256 apresenta efeitos sist&ecirc;micos variados, como anorexia, altera&ccedil;&otilde;es imunol&oacute;gicas e hidroeletrol&iacute;ticas. Buscando obter maior sincronismo no desenvolvimento tumoral entre os animais do mesmo grupo, foi utilizada a t&eacute;cnica de inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o multifocal, validada anteriormente (11). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No presente estudo, a arginina n&atilde;o afetou o per&iacute;odo de lat&ecirc;ncia (4 a 5 dias) ou a incidencia do tumor (100%) nos grupos estudados, sugerindo que a arginina n&atilde;o previniu a inicia&ccedil;&atilde;o do tumor ap&oacute;s a inocula&ccedil;&atilde;o das c&eacute;lulas tumorais. Esta observa&ccedil;&atilde;o apresentou-se semelhante a relatada previamente (3). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A influ&ecirc;ncia da arginina tamb&eacute;m n&atilde;o foi notada no desenvolvimento inicial do tumor de Walker 256, o qual apresentou um padr&atilde;o de desenvolvimento id&ecirc;ntico nos grupos. O crescimento tumoral seguiu um padr&atilde;o de evolu&ccedil;&atilde;o t&iacute;pico, com um per&iacute;odo inicial livre de efeitos sist&ecirc;micos detect&aacute;veis (per&iacute;odo subcl&iacute;nico), seguido por um per&iacute;odo sintom&aacute;tico (per&iacute;odo cl&iacute;nico), caracterizado por uma fase de sintomas moderados e uma fase grave, com diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o da ingesta de ra&ccedil;&atilde;o, pouca rea&ccedil;&atilde;o ao est&iacute;mulo externo e ao manuseio, depress&atilde;o, seguida da morte do animal. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 6%, possivelmente, prolongou a dura&ccedil;&atilde;o das fases finais de desenvolvimento tumoral, sendo constatado aumento no tempo de sobreviv&ecirc;ncia m&eacute;dio neste grupo quando comparado aos demais grupos, por&eacute;m sem significado estat&iacute;stico (P&lt;0.06). O aumento da sobre vida dos animais com c&acirc;ncer, ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina, Coi relatado anteriormente (7,13). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No presente estudo, houve uma tend&ecirc;ncia a diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o no peso e volume do tumor ap&oacute;s utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o da arginina, por&eacute;m as diferen&ccedil;as n&ccedil;o se apresentaram estat&iacute;sticamente significativas, quando foram comparados os grupos suplementados com arginina (6% e 4%) e que recebeu simplesmente a dieta padr&atilde;o. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Embora as a&ccedil;&otilde;es farmacol&oacute;gicas deste amino&aacute;cido n&atilde;o tenham sido ainda totalmente elucidadas, os efeitos observados podem ser explicados por v&aacute;rias hip&oacute;teses, entre elas, pelo conceito, que o crescimento tumoral &eacute; um processo din&acirc;mico envolvendo uma competi&ccedil;&atilde;o entre c&eacute;lulas imunocompetentes e c&eacute;lulas neopl&aacute;sicas, nas quais o crescimento &eacute; a soma da destrui&ccedil;&atilde;o e prolifera&ccedil;&atilde;o celular. Neste modelo, &eacute; sugerido que a progress&atilde;o do tumor depende da capacidade do sistema imune em reconhecer e destruir as c&eacute;lulas neopl&aacute;sicas, senda que esta capacidade pode estar relacionada ao grau de imunogenicidade do tumor (9, 14).</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Tem sido sugerido tamb&eacute;m que se o tumor for fracamente imunog&ecirc;nico, a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com L-arginina pode estimular o crescimento tumoral devido &agrave; falta de reconhecimento do sistema imune, relatado em certos tumores humanos. Por outro lado, descreveu-se tamb&eacute;m que se o tumor for fortemente imunog&ecirc;nico, como tumores transplant&aacute;veis em animais, ap&oacute;s a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina, as defesas do organismo podem predominar, resultando em inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento tumoral (9). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Complementando o mecanismo de a&ccedil;&atilde;o sugerido, a arginina &eacute; precursora do &oacute;xido n&iacute;trico (ON), cujas a&ccedil;&otilde;es farmacol&oacute;gicas t&ecirc;m sido relacionadas &agrave; inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento de c&eacute;lulas tumorais <I>in vitro </I>(5,14,15), citotoxidade dos macr&oacute;fagos ativados e inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o da agrega&ccedil;&atilde;o dos neutr&oacute;filos (5), al&eacute;m de participar em v&aacute;rios fen&ocirc;menos fisiol&oacute;gicos incluindo a regula&ccedil;&atilde;o da press&atilde;o arterial, neuro-transmiss&atilde;o e imunidade celular (16). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Muitos mecanismos tentam explicar a a&ccedil;&atilde;o do ON na inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento tumoral <I>in vitro. </I>Entre estes, que o ON interage com prote&iacute;nas que cont&ecirc;m ferro necess&aacute;rias a respira&ccedil;&atilde;o e replica&ccedil;&atilde;o celulares, incluindo a enzima do ciclo do &aacute;cido c&iacute;trico: aconitase e a enzima da s&iacute;ntese do DNA: ribonucleot&iacute;deo redutase, exercendo efeito inibit&oacute;rio sobre o crescimento tumoral. Al&eacute;m disso, o ON ex&oacute;geno produzido por macr&oacute;fagos, como tamb&eacute;m o end&oacute;geno produzido por c&eacute;lulas tumorais, tem capacidade de induzir a apoptose ou morte celular programada em tumores (5). </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Histopatologia do tumor e desenvolvimento de met&aacute;stases no tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A origem e determina&ccedil;&atilde;o histopatol&oacute;gica deste tumor n&atilde;o &eacute; consensual na literatura sendo defendida as caracter&iacute;sticas carcinomatosa, adenomatosa, linf&oacute;ide e at&eacute; hematopo&eacute;tica por diferentes autores (17). No presente estudo, foi constatado em todos os grupos estudados, que o tumor pode ter se originado como um tumor misto, sugerindo ser semelhante a um <I>stem-cell </I>multipotencial capaz de dar origem a diversos tipos de tumores malignos. Ao exame microsc&oacute;pico, os padr&otilde;es de um carcinoma ou sarcoma mostram-se como entidades individuais e independentes. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Na presente investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o, foi observado que nos animais que receberam a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 6% apresentaram comprometimento discreto das v&iacute;sceras necropsiadas, quando comparado aos grupos que receberam a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o a 4% ou a dieta padr&atilde;o (controles), sugerindo desta forma, que a utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica da arginina apresentou- se ben&eacute;fica na preven&ccedil;&atilde;o de met&aacute;stases, no tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256, corroborando com dados obtidos anteriormente, (10,18), embora o relato de literatura n&atilde;o seja consensual (5,13). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Na presente investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o, foram observadas altera&ccedil;&otilde;es degenerativas das c&eacute;lulas tubulares renais, com aus&ecirc;ncia de c&eacute;lulas tumorais, em todos os animais que receberam suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina. Este fato poderia estar relacionado, eventualmente, a toxicidade da arginina em grau n&atilde;o estabelecido at&eacute; o presente.</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Altera&ccedil;&otilde;es ponderais nos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A literatura n&atilde;o se apresenta concensual quanto aos efeitos ben&eacute;ficos da arginina na varia&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal dos animais. O efeito catab&oacute;lico da arginina no portador de c&acirc;ncer tem sido defendido por alguns autores (19, 20) e refutado por outros (12,21). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Foi observado na presente investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o, que todos o animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 apresentaram ganho ponderal, independentemente da suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica. Este fato ocorreu possivelmente devido aos animais serem jovens, em fase de crescimento. Foi notado tamb&eacute;m que a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o de 6% proporcionou um menor ganho ponderal, quando comparada aos demais grupos. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A explica&ccedil;&atilde;o dos efeitos observados ainda n&atilde;o foi elucidada, e desta forma especulamos que a arginina esteve associada ao menor desenvolvimento tumoral nos grupos com tumor s&oacute;lido refletindo menor altera&ccedil;&atilde;o ponderal, ou ainda, a arginina em altas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es, pode ocasionar toxicidade e inibi&ccedil;&atilde;o do crescimento celular dos animais jovens, proporcionando diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o do ganho ponderal. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Em animais jovens, incluindo roedores, a arginina juntamente a outros nove amino&aacute;cidos (leucina, isoleucina, lisina, cistina, treonina, triptofano, tirosina e valina) s&atilde;o considerados essenciais (22). Em muitos casos, &eacute; sugerido a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica destes amino&aacute;cidos para que o animal exiba melhor desempenho no crescimento, embora n&atilde;o tenha sido estabelecido a concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o ideal (22,23). Foi sugerido apenas que a administra&ccedil;&atilde;o de altas concentra&ccedil;&otilde;es de amino&aacute;cidos proporcionou efeitos t&oacute;xicos em roedores (24). </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Metabolismo dos amino&aacute;cidos nos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os amino&aacute;cidos circulantes servem como substrato para a s&iacute;ntese de prote&iacute;nas, gluconeog&ecirc;nese, ureag&ecirc;nese e catabolismo oxidativo, os quais constituem processos metab&oacute;licos que podem estar significantemente alterados no c&acirc;ncer (25-27). Mudan&ccedil;as no metabolismo dos amino&aacute;cidos t&ecirc;m sido descritas nos tumores (28,29), como tamb&eacute;m no hospedeiro (25,30). </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Apesar dos trabalhos revistos utilizarem amostragens pequenas e falta de detalhes metodol&oacute;gicos, os estudos realizados utilizando como modelo experimental o tumor de Walker 256, indicaram dirninui&ccedil;&atilde;o na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o plasm&aacute;tica dos amino&aacute;cidos, especialmente amino&aacute;cidos essenciais (13,31). Este decr&eacute;scimo na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o plasm&aacute;tica observado nos animais com tumor de Walker 256, sem a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica, deve-se, possivelmente, &agrave; utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o dos amino&aacute;cidos pelos tumores mal&iacute;gnos, uma vez que os tumores precisam de amino&aacute;cidos como fonte de nitrog&ecirc;nio para a s&iacute;ntese prot&eacute;ica e fonte de energia para o metabolismo atrav&eacute;s da gluconeog&ecirc;nese (13,25,30,32). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Foi observado na presente investiga&ccedil;&atilde;o que a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina a 6% resultou em uma tend&ecirc;ncia de aumento na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o plasm&aacute;tica de todos os amino&aacute;cidos, nos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256. Por&eacute;m, foram obtidas altera&ccedil;&otilde;es significativas nos quantitativos da arginina, histidina, prolina ornitina e citrulina (P&lt;0.00l). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Entre os amino&aacute;cidos que sofreram altera&ccedil;&atilde;o, a arginina, histidina e prolina s&atilde;o classificados como glicog&ecirc;nicos, ou seja, s&atilde;o amino&aacute;cidos cujo catabolismo origina piruvato ou um dos intermedi&aacute;rios do ciclo de Krebs. Estes intermedi&aacute;rios s&atilde;o substratos importantes para a gliconeog&ecirc;nese e respons&aacute;veis por estimular a forma&ccedil;&atilde;o de glicog&ecirc;nio no f&iacute;gado e m&uacute;sculo dos animais (23). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os aumentos na concentra&ccedil;&atilde;o dos amino&aacute;cidos citrulina, ornitina e arginina devem-se, provavelmente, &agrave;s rela&ccedil;&otilde;es metab&oacute;licas que estes amino&aacute;cidos possuem entre si no organismo dos animais. A arginina al&eacute;m de ser derivada da dieta, &eacute; tamb&eacute;m formada atrav&eacute;s da citrulina como resultado de v&aacute;rias rea&ccedil;&otilde;es inter-&oacute;rgaos (20). A citrulina sintetizada no f&iacute;gado dos animais &eacute; parcialmente convertida em ornitina, a qual &eacute; transformada em arginina e ur&eacute;ia, atrav&eacute;s da enzima ornitina carbamoiltransferase. A citrulina excedente &eacute; absorvida pelo rim. O rim converte a citrulina em arginina. Parte da arginina &eacute; utilizada na s&iacute;ntese de prote&iacute;na e parte &eacute; distribu&iacute;da a outros tecidos do organismo. Na literatura, o aumento destes amino&aacute;cidos tem sido relacionado ao aumento na atividade das enzimas ornitina carbamoiltransferase e arginina sintetase no rim de ratos submetidos a altas dietas prot&eacute;icas (22).</P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">An&aacute;lise hematol&oacute;gica nos animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256 </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A anemia &eacute; uma complica&ccedil;&atilde;o comumente observada em pacientes oncol&oacute;gicos (33-35). Os mecanismos respons&aacute;veis pela anemia no portador de c&acirc;ncer s&atilde;o normalmente extr&iacute;nsicos ao tumor e devidos a v&aacute;rios mecanismos. No paciente caqu&eacute;tico com c&acirc;ncer &eacute; observada uma inefici&ecirc;ncia na utiliza&ccedil;&atilde;o dos nutrientes pelo organismo, al&eacute;m de altera&ccedil;&otilde;es na ingest&atilde;o, digest&atilde;o e absor&ccedil;&atilde;o dos alimentos, podendo tamb&eacute;m contribuir no estado anemico dos animais (34). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">No presente estudo, foi notado que todos os animais com tumor s&oacute;lido de Walker 256, em est&aacute;gio avan&ccedil;ado, apresentaram ao exame palidez acentuada das mucosas e orelhas, pelos opacos e sem brilho, movimentos lentos ao toque ou aproxima&ccedil;&atilde;o, diminui&ccedil;&atilde;o na ingest&atilde;o da ra&ccedil;&atilde;o e elimina&ccedil;&atilde;o das fezes.</P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">O n&uacute;mero de eritr&oacute;citos, a quantidade de hemoglobina, o hemat&oacute;crito e os n&uacute;meros absolutos de leuc&oacute;citos, neutr&oacute;filos e linf&oacute;citos, aumentaram com a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o com arginina a 6% quando comparado ao grupo que recebeu apenas a dieta padr&atilde;o, sendo este aumento dose-dependente (p&lt;0.001). </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">A citologia demonstrou no grupo suplementado com arginina a 6% que cerca de 39.0% dos ratos apresentaram policromasia e aproximadamente 31.0% dos animais apresentaram eritroblastose, indicando possivelmente efeito da arginina na regenera&ccedil;&atilde;o das c&eacute;lulas do sistema hematopo&eacute;tico. A leucocito se, com a presen&ccedil;a de c&eacute;lulas mais jovens da linhagem neutrof&iacute;lica (miel&oacute;citos, metamiel&oacute;citos e neutr&oacute;filos bastonetes) foi observada em todos os grupos. </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os resultados indicam que a arginina ocasionou altera&ccedil;&otilde;es hematol6gicas nos animais, senda que o efeito apresentou-se dose-dependente quando comparado aos grupos de estudo (p&lt;0.001).</P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os achados sugerem que a suplementa&ccedil;&atilde;o diet&eacute;tica com arginina a 6%, pode apresentar algum efeito ben&eacute;fico no c&acirc;ncer que ultrapassa o aspecto nutricional. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">AGRADECIMENTOS</P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">Os autores agradecem o apoio financeiro da Funda&ccedil;&atilde;o de Apoio a Pesquisa do Distrito Federal e do Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Tecnol&oacute;gico do Brasil para a realiza&ccedil;&atilde;o desse trabalho. </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">REFERENCIAS</P> </B>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">1. Beard H.H. The effect of parenteral injection of synthetic amino acids upon the appearence, growth and disappearance of emge sarcoma in rats. 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<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The effect of parenteral injection of synthetic amino acids upon the appearence, growth and disappearance of emge sarcoma in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Biochem.]]></source>
<year>1943</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>177-186.</page-range></nlm-citation>
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