<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0004-0622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[ALAN]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0004-0622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0004-06222002000300001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Acido fítico: aspectos nutricionales e implicaciones analíticas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mª Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cordoba  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2002</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>231</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0004-06222002000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-06222002000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0004-06222002000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Este artículo proporciona una revisión del estado actual de los conocimientos existentes sobre el ácido fítico (AF) en relación a varios aspectos. Se incluyen datos en relación a su estructura química y sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, su presencia en numerosos cereales y leguminosas y su papel en la planta. Además. se discuten otros aspectos como el significado nutricional del AF en relación a su capacidad de quelar proteínas y minerales, sus efectos beneficiosos para la salud y los métodos más comúnmente utilizados en su determinación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Nutritional and analytical implications of phytic acid. This review próvides a current summary of the literature concerning various aspects of phytic acid. These include data relative to its chemical structure and physicochemical properties, its occurrence in numerous cereals and legumes, and its role in plants. In addition, the nutritional significance of phytate with regard to its protein and mineral binding abilities, its health benefits and the methods commonly used for the analysis of phytate are discussed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Acido fítico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antinutrientes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[proteínas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mineral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biodisponibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cereales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leguminosas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[métodos de análisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antinutrients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[proteins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mineral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioavailabilty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cereals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legumes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[analytical methods]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font size="4">Acido f&iacute;tico: aspectos nutricionales e implicaciones anal&iacute;ticas</font></P> </B><I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Beatriz Mart&iacute;nez Dom&iacute;nguez, Mª Victoria Ib&aacute;&ntilde;ez G&oacute;mez y Francisco Rinc&oacute;n Le&oacute;n</font></P> </I>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Universidad de C&oacute;rdoba-C&oacute;rdoba, Espa&ntilde;a</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">RESUMEN</font></B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.&nbsp;</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Este art&iacute;culo proporciona una revisi&oacute;n del estado actual de los conocimientos existentes sobre el &aacute;cido f&iacute;tico (AF) en relaci&oacute;n a varios aspectos. Se incluyen datos en relaci&oacute;n a su estructura qu&iacute;mica y sus propiedades fisicoqu&iacute;micas, su presencia en numerosos cereales y leguminosas y su papel en la planta. Adem&aacute;s. se discuten otros aspectos como el significado nutricional del AF en relaci&oacute;n a su capacidad de quelar prote&iacute;nas y minerales, sus efectos beneficiosos para la salud y los m&eacute;todos m&aacute;s com&uacute;nmente utilizados en su determinaci&oacute;n.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palabras clave</font></B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">: Acido f&iacute;tico, antinutrientes, prote&iacute;nas, mineral, biodisponibilidad, cereales, leguminosas, m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lisis.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">SUMMARY.&nbsp;</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font> </B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Nutritional and analytical implications of phytic acid.</b> This review pr&oacute;vides a current summary of the literature concerning various aspects of phytic acid. These include data relative to its chemical structure and physicochemical properties, its occurrence in numerous cereals and legumes, and its role in plants. In addition, the nutritional significance of phytate with regard to its protein and mineral binding abilities, its health benefits and the methods commonly used for the analysis of phytate are discussed.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Key words</font></B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">: Phytic acid, antinutrients. proteins, mineral, bioavailabilty. cereals. legumes. analytical methods.</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Recibido: 15-02-2001 Aceptado: l0-06-2002</font> </P> <B>     <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">INTRODUCCION</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El &aacute;cido f&iacute;tico (AF) y sus sales constituyen la principal forma de almacenamiento de f&oacute;sforo (P) en semillas de cereales y leguminosas (1,2). Sin embargo, en esta forma el P permanece no disponible para el hombre y animales monog&aacute;stricos (3,4), debido a que &eacute;stos no est&aacute;n provistos de suficiente actividad de fosfatasas end&oacute;genas (fitasas) que sean capaces de liberar el grupo fosfato de la estructura del fitato (5). El AF es adem&aacute;s un compuesto con actividad antinutricional, debido a su capacidad de formar complejos insolubles con minerales y prote&iacute;nas (2,6) convirti&eacute;ndolos en no asimilables por el organismo bajo condiciones fisiol&oacute;gicas (7-9). Parad&oacute;jicamente, el AF, a bajas d&oacute;sis, presenta tambi&eacute;n efectos positivos sobre la salud como son su acci&oacute;n protectora frente al c&aacute;ncer, reducci&oacute;n de la formaci&oacute;n de c&aacute;lculos renales y prevenci&oacute;n de enfermedades cardiovasculares (10).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En los &uacute;ltimos a&ntilde;os, la divulgaci&oacute;n dada a los potenciales efectos beneficiosos de dietas bajas en grasas y con alto contenido de fibra, ha supuesto un fuerte empuje en el uso de leguminosas y semillas en grano en la alimentaci&oacute;n humana (11). Estos cambios en los h&aacute;bitos alimentarios hacia una alimentaci&oacute;n rica en fibra han conducido a una mayor ingesta de fitatos en la dieta (12). No obstante, es importante considerar que durante el procesado de los alimentos y la digesti&oacute;n, la cantidad final de AF disminuye significativamente (13) como consecuencia de su hidr&oacute;lisis, enzim&aacute;tica o qu&iacute;mica, en problemas encontrados en la interpretaci&oacute;n de los datos existentes sobre el AF en la bibliograf&iacute;a es el derivado de la variabilidad de resultados asociada a la utilizaci&oacute;n de diferentes procedimientos anal&iacute;ticos para su determinaci&oacute;n. En la actualidad, dado que los efectos del AF y sus derivados desfosforilados en la nutrici&oacute;n humana son diferentes, aquellos m&eacute;todos que permiten su separaci&oacute;n son considerados los m&aacute;s adecuados (2,14).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Estructura qu&iacute;mica y propiedades</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se han propuesto varios modelos para la estructura del AF. Seg&uacute;n el modelo propuesto por Anderson (15), el AF ser&iacute;a una mol&eacute;cula con seis grupos ortofosfato (InsP6), de nombre qu&iacute;mico <I>myo-inositol </I>1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 - <I>hexaquis </I>(dihidr&oacute;geno fosfato) (16-18). Seg&uacute;n esta estructura, el AF, a pH neutro y al pH que normalmente presentan los alimentos, es una mol&eacute;cula cargada negativamente y por tanto muy reactiva, por lo que presenta una elevada capacidad para formar complejos o unirse a mol&eacute;culas cargadas positivamente como cationes o prote&iacute;nas (19). La interacci&oacute;n del AF con las prote&iacute;nas es pH-dependiente, mientras que con los cationes la interacci&oacute;n es debida exclusivamente a sus numerosos grupos fosfato: &eacute;stos pueden unirse bien a un s&oacute;lo grupo fosfato, a dos grupos fosfato de una misma mol&eacute;cula o a grupos fosfato de distintas mol&eacute;culas de AF (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>) (18,20). En la semilla el AF se encuentra como una mezcla de sales con varios cationes como K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Zn y Fe (21); el t&eacute;rmino fitina se ha empleado para designar una mezcla dc sales de Ca y Mg del AF (22,23).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig1"></a></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><IMG SRC="/img/fbpe/alan/v52n3/art1img1.gif" WIDTH=394 HEIGHT=298 align="center"></font></P>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La "insolubilidad" del AF es la principal causa de su comportamiento antinutricional y de sus propiedades fisicoqu&iacute;micas (16,24). Sin embargo, es importante considerar que la solubilidad de las sales del AF varia con el pH, ya que el grado de protonaci&oacute;n de los grupos fosfato que no se han unido a los metales est&aacute; en funci&oacute;n de dicho par&aacute;metro (25). Aparentemente, en la semilla el AF se encuentra como sales relativamente solubles de Na o K m&aacute;s que como fitina insoluble (26). Las sales de Ca y Mg son solubles a pH bajos e insolubles a pH elevados, por lo tanto a pH fisiol&oacute;gico ser&iacute;an insolubles, de ah&iacute; el descenso de la biodisponibilidad mineral. En general, las sales hidrogenadas y monovalentes del AF son solubles en agua, mientras que las sales met&aacute;licas divalentes y trivalentes son bastante insolubles (27).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El grado de interacci&oacute;n entre AF y prote&iacute;nas es dependiente de la carga neta de la prote&iacute;na, de su conformaci&oacute;n y de las interacciones con minerales a un pH dado (18,28,29). A bajo pH, por debajo del punto isoel&eacute;ctrico de las prote&iacute;nas, &eacute;stas se encuentran cargadas positivamente y el AF negativamente. En estas condiciones, se produce una fuerte interacci&oacute;n electrost&aacute;tica entre grupos amino terminal de las prote&iacute;nas, y &eacute;steres fosfato ani&oacute;nicos del AF, form&aacute;ndose un complejo binario (16, 18) (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>). A pH intermedio, por encima del punto isoel&eacute;ctrico de las prote&iacute;nas, dado que la carga de las prote&iacute;nas al igual que la del AF es negativa, su interacci&oacute;n ser&iacute;a imposible, sin embargo si puede realizarse a trav&eacute;s de la formaci&oacute;n de un complejo ternario con cationes divalentes como el Ca<SUP>2</SUP>+ o el Mg<SUP>2</SUP>+ (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>). Esta uni&oacute;n se realiza a trav&eacute;s de los grupos carboxilos ionizados y el grupo imidazol desprotonado de la histidina, siendo necesaria una concentraci&oacute;n m&iacute;nima de estos cationes para mantener estos complejos (18). A pH intermedio tambi&eacute;n pueden existir algunos complejos binarios, ya que a dicho pH los residuos lisil y arginil de las prote&iacute;nas est&aacute;n a&uacute;n cargados positivamente. A pH elevado la interacci&oacute;n entre las prote&iacute;nas y el AF disminuye, los grupos lisil y arginil pierden su carga, y por tanto su capacidad de formar complejos binarios. Los complejos ternarios se desestabilizan ya que la fuerza i&oacute;nica aumenta a pH elevado; un incremento en la concentraci&oacute;n del i&oacute;n Na hace que la reacci&oacute;n de equilibrio del complejo temario se desplace hacia la derecha liber&aacute;ndose fitato c&aacute;lcico insoluble y prote&iacute;na-Na soluble (<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>) (16,18). Como hemos visto la formaci&oacute;n de complejos entre AF y prote&iacute;nas no s&oacute;lo afecta a la solubilidad y propiedades funcionales de las mismas, sino que tambi&eacute;n tiene una gran influencia en la biodisponiblidad mineral (30). Adem&aacute;s, el AF puede unirse tambi&eacute;n al almid&oacute;n, bien directamente a trav&eacute;s de puentes de hidr&oacute;geno o indirectamente mediante las prote&iacute;nas a las que se asocia (29).</font> </P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Distribuci&oacute;n, localizaci&oacute;n y contenido</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El AF se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en el reino vegetal. En la mayor&iacute;a de las plantas una gran proporci&oacute;n de P (80%) est&aacute; presente en forma de fitato (6,31), especialmente en aquellas semillas en las que el AF se encuentra en concentraciones elevadas, desde 1-7% (2,32). As&iacute;, en las semillas de cereales, oleaginosas y leguminosas los niveles de AF son elevados y constituyen el mayor porcentaje (60- 82%) del P total; varias ra&iacute;ces y tub&eacute;rculos presentan cantidades moderadas de AF, siendo el P f&iacute;tico el 21-25% del total, mientras que en verduras las cantidades de AF encontradas son muy peque&ntilde;as (5,33).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En cereales el P f&iacute;tico constituye el 64-85% del P total (33), localiz&aacute;ndose la mayor&iacute;a del AF en aleuronas celulares (21,34). Los niveles de AF (g/100g) encontrados en el arroz entero <I>(Orize sativa) </I>oscilan desde un 0,86-0,99%, localiz&aacute;ndose el 80% del fitato en la capa externa del salvado; en el trigo <I>(Triticum aestivum) </I>la localizaci&oacute;n es similar a la del arroz y los valores mayores: 1,13%; en el ma&iacute;z <I>(Zea mays) </I>el AF representa de 0,77-0,99%, y de &eacute;ste m&aacute;s del 90% se encuentran en el germen (16,33,35). En el sorgo <I>(Sorghum vulgare) </I>se han encontrado valores de 0,82-0,96% siendo los niveles de AF mayores en las variedades coloreadas (33). En la cebada <I>(Hordeum vulgare) </I>y en la avena <I>(Avena sativa) </I>los niveles de AF obtenidos son del 0,99% y 0,77%, respectivamente (16).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En la mayor&iacute;a de las semillas de leguminosas el P f&iacute;tico constituye aproximadamente el 80% del P total, y se localiza fundamentalmente en el cotiled&oacute;n y ejes embrionarios (36). Estructuralmente su localizaci&oacute;n no es bien conocida; seg&uacute;n algunos autores est&aacute; integrado con el cuerpo de prote&iacute;nas formando complejos con prote&iacute;nas o minerales (2), sin embargo otros investigadores han indicado que en jud&iacute;as m&aacute;s del 70% del fitato se encuentra en formas solubles en agua, posiblemente combinadas con prote&iacute;nas solubles, m&aacute;s que como fitina insoluble (9,37). En habas <I>(Vicia faba) </I>los niveles de AF oscilan entre 0,71-1,15% (38), localiz&aacute;ndose fundamentalmente en el cotiled&oacute;n, mientras que la c&aacute;scara contiene tan s&oacute;lo del 0,06-0,20% del AF (39). El contenido de AF del guisante <I>(Pisum sativum) </I>es del 0,75-0,94% (38). En el frijol de vaca <I>(Vigna unguiculata) </I>el AF constituye un 0,77% (35). En lentejas <I>(Lens culinaris) </I>y garbanzos <I>(Cicer arietinum) </I>los niveles de AF son similares, aproximadamente un 0,7% (33).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En la soja <I>(Glycine max) </I>el AF constituye el 1,5% del peso total del cotiled&oacute;n, y un gramo de soja contiene aproximadamente 4 mg de fitato que representan el 57% del P org&aacute;nico y el 70% del P total, este fitato se encuentra uniformemente distribuido en el cotiled&oacute;n, probablemente como fitato pot&aacute;sico soluble (16, 40, 41). En otras semillas oleaginosas, como girasol <I>(Helianthus annuus), </I>cacahuete <I>(Arachis hypogaea) </I>y algod&oacute;n <I>(Gossypium herbaceum), </I>el AF se encuentra en subestructuras de tipo cristaloide o globoide que al parecer no existen en la soja (16). En general, en las harinas de semillas oleaginosas el P f&iacute;tico es el 60-77% del total, siendo los niveles de AF muy elevados, desde 1,7% en la harina de cacahuete hasta 4,8% en la de semilla de algod&oacute;n (16,33).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Funci&oacute;n fisiol&oacute;gica en la planta</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Entre las funciones fisiol&oacute;gicas que se le han atribuido al AF se encuentran: dep&oacute;sito de P, dep&oacute;sito de energ&iacute;a, fuente de cationes o iniciador de la latencia (16). Adem&aacute;s, algunos metabolitos procedentes del <I>myo-inositol </I>y del inositol monofosfato (InsP) juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de la planta (42). Raboy <I>et al. </I>(43,44) han realizado una descripci&oacute;n detallada de la s&iacute;ntesis y metabolismo del AF y los <I>myo-inositol </I>fosfatos en la planta.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Numerosos estudios han puesto de manifiesto un incremento en la acumulaci&oacute;n de AF con la maduraci&oacute;n de la semilla. Aunque dicha acumulaci&oacute;n ha sido interpretada por algunos autores como una manera de prevenir –niveles excesivamente altos de P inorg&aacute;nico durante la maduraci&oacute;n, la mayor&iacute;a coincide en que su funci&oacute;n principal es el almacenamiento de P (24). En la semilla, el AF constituye el principal almac&eacute;n de P inorg&aacute;nico, en forma de fosfatos y myo-inositol, as&iacute; como de determinados cationes, como el Mg<SUP>2</SUP>+ que son movilizados durante la germinaci&oacute;n para la s&iacute;ntesis de &aacute;cidos nucleicos (23,33,45), adem&aacute;s el <I>myo- </I>inositol es un importante precursor de los polisac&aacute;ridos de la pared celular (46) y de fosfol&iacute;pidos incluidos en la se&ntilde;al de transducci&oacute;n (47). Por otro lado, la capacidad antioxidante del AF hace que &eacute;ste contribuya a aumentar el tiempo de latencia de la semilla, ya que previene la peroxidaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;pidos (48), y se ha visto que inositoles metilados participan en la osmoprotecci&oacute;n en plantas halof&iacute;licas (49).</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La regulaci&oacute;n de la acumulaci&oacute;n de AF durante el desarrollo de la semilla no es totalmente conocida, parece ser que se lleva a cabo mediante un control gen&eacute;tico en el que participan numerosos genes (50, 51). Altas concentraciones de AF en semilla de soja aparecen como paralelas a mayores concentraciones de P en la hoja, y ambas est&aacute;n relacionadas de una manera compleja determinada tanto por factores ambientales (influyen en la cantidad de P disponible), como genot&iacute;picos (influyen en la absorci&oacute;n de P), de modo que determinan el suministro de P durante la germinaci&oacute;n (52).</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Numerosos investigadores han encontrado una reducci&oacute;n del AF durante la germinaci&oacute;n en las semillas de leguminosas, aparentemente como resultado de un elevado aumento de la actividad fitasa (14,30,53-56). La enzima fitasa <I>(myo-inositol- hexaquisfostato </I>3-fosfohidrolasa, EC 3.1.3.8), que cataliza la hidr&oacute;lisis del AF en myo-inositol, myo-inositol fosfatos y fosfatos inorg&aacute;nicos (21) est&aacute; ampliamente distribuida en plantas, tejidos animales y en numerosas especies de mohos (9,57). Las semillas presentan tanto actividad fitasa constitutiva, as&iacute; como enzimas fitasa que son sintetizadas "de novo" durante la germinaci&oacute;n (58). La actividad fitasa intr&iacute;nseca depende del tipo de alimento vegetal que se considere (59), no obstante la mayor&iacute;a de las fitasas de las semillas se encuadran dentro de las fosfatasas &aacute;cidas no espec&iacute;ficas, teniendo un pH &oacute;ptimo de 4-5.6. Por el contrario la actividad fitasa adicional, que se localiza a nivel subcelular en el cuerpo de prote&iacute;nas en aleuronas de cereales y est&aacute; asociada a las membranas de los org&aacute;nulos corpusculares de almacenamiento de fitina, se produce a pH alcalino (46).</font> </P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Significado nutricional y fisiol&oacute;gico</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El AF se encuentra en los alimentos en niveles del 0,1- 6% (60,61), dependiendo su concentraci&oacute;n de la parte de la planta que se consuma: en semillas los niveles son elevados, en tub&eacute;rculos, ra&iacute;ces y frutas moderados, y en verduras bajos (33). En pa&iacute;ses subdesarrollados y en v&iacute;as de desarrollo, as&iacute; como en la poblaci&oacute;n vegetariana de pa&iacute;ses desarrollados, el consumo de alimentos con altos niveles de AF es muy elevado (1,62,63). El consumo medio deAF en la dieta se ha estimado en 0,75-0,79 g/persona/d&iacute;a, siendo estos niveles 2 &oacute; 3 veces mayores en pa&iacute;ses en v&iacute;as dc desarrollo como la India (62).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Efectos antinutricionales</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Los fitatos reducen la biodisponibilidad mineral e inhiben enzimas proteol&iacute;ticas y amilol&iacute;ticas (62,64). A pesar de que la naturaleza exacta y el grado de uni&oacute;n del AF a minerales y prote&iacute;nas son dif&iacute;ciles de determinar, y su papel en la nutrici&oacute;n es complejo (65), s&iacute; est&aacute; claro que altos niveles de AF en la dieta est&aacute;n asociados con efectos nutricionales adversos en el hombre (62).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Efectos en la prote&iacute;na</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La interacci&oacute;n del AF con las prote&iacute;nas ha sido ampliamente estudiada, principalmente en soja, sin embargo su naturaleza no es totalmente conocida y los efectos antinutricionales en la disponibilidad de dichas prote&iacute;nas no est&aacute;n aun claros (26,38).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La existencia de una correlaci&oacute;n negativa (p&lt;0,05) entre el AF y la digestibilidad proteica ha sido puesta de manifiesto en varios alimentos (64,66-69). Sin embargo en varios estudios, tanto <I>in vivo </I>como <I>in vitro, </I>sobre el efecto del fitato en la digestibilidad de las prote&iacute;nas queladas y la absorci&oacute;n de amino&aacute;cidos, el efecto adverso del fitato es o muy peque&ntilde;o o nulo (70-73). Anderson (74) ha revisado la interacci&oacute;n entre AF y prote&iacute;nas, encontrando resultados discordantes en los experimentos <I>in vivo </I>en lo referente a ingesta de fitato y digestibilidad proteica. La causas de estas discrepancias puede ser la diferente naturaleza de la fuente de prote&iacute;nas (38). Otros investigadores han atribuido el efecto negativo de los fitatos en el metabolismo proteico m&aacute;s que a la formaci&oacute;n de un complejo fitato-prote&iacute;na a la capacidad de inhibir enzimas digestivas (26). Es conocido que el AF inhibe a -amilasa de diferentes or&iacute;genes, tripsina, tirosinasa y pepsina (57). Que el fitato inhiba enzimas como la pepsina no es extra&ntilde;o, ya que al pH &aacute;cido al cual &eacute;sta es activa se promueven fuertes uniones electrost&aacute;ticas entre ambos; lo mismo ocurre con aquellas enzimas que tienen un pH &oacute;ptimo &aacute;cido (26). A diferencia de lo que ocurre con la pepsina, la interacci&oacute;n con la tripsina y la quimiotripsina no s&oacute;lo depende del pH, sino tambi&eacute;n de otros factores entre los que se encuentra la relaci&oacute;n prote&iacute;na/fitato. A pH 3 el fitato forma complejos insolubles tanto con la tripsina como con la quimotripsina, sin embargo a pH 7,8 , en el que la actividad de estas enzimas es algo mayor, es necesario el Ca<SUP>2</SUP>+ para la formaci&oacute;n estos complejos, no obstante las condiciones a la que se producen fuertes interacciones rara vez se dan <I>in vivo </I>(26). Varios estudios han mostrado claramente que aunque la digestibilidad de la prote&iacute;na, y por lo tanto la absorci&oacute;n de amino&aacute;cidos, es solamente marginalmente mayor en dietas con bajo contenido en fitato, las diferencias encontradas no son estad&iacute;sticamente significativas (75-77).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Una cuesti&oacute;n clave a tener en cuenta para entender el efecto antinutricional del AF ser&iacute;a conocer cuanto fitato est&aacute; aun disponible tras el procesado. Si consideramos la fuerte afinidad del AF hacia varios cationes y el tipo de interacciones que supone su asociaci&oacute;n con prote&iacute;nas de la dieta, as&iacute; como el efecto del procesado de los alimentos, la degradaci&oacute;n t&eacute;rmica de los &eacute;steres inositol y el pH, habr&iacute;a que esperar que quedara poco fitato libre que interaccionara con enzimas y sistema digestivos para causar una influencia significativa (26). Por otro lado hay que tener en cuenta que estudios anteriores han mostrado que en presencia de minerales como Ca<SUP>2</SUP>+ o Mg<SUP>2</SUP>+, la inhibici&oacute;n <I>in vitro </I>de las enzimas podr&iacute;a ser mucho menor (78). Existen tambi&eacute;n evidencias de que el complejo fitato-prote&iacute;na es menos susceptible a la digesti&oacute;n proteol&iacute;tica que la prote&iacute;na sola, sin embargo es l&oacute;gico que las prote&iacute;nas en las cuales alguna cadena lisil o arginil est&aacute;n queladas por el fitato, no sean efectivamente hidrolizadas por la tripsina, en estas condiciones ser&iacute;an m&aacute;s efectivas enzimas como la quimotripsina que muestra gran afinidad por las cadenas hidrof&oacute;bicas (26).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dado que la interacci&oacute;n fitato-prote&iacute;na y su efecto en la digestibilidad proteica se produce bajo una amplia gama de condiciones, y tanto las condiciones simuladas <I>in vivo </I>como los resultados obtenidos son limitados, el estudio de los efectos adversos de los fitatos en la nutrici&oacute;n deber&iacute;a ser dirigido exclusivamente hacia el punto de vista de la biodisponibilidad mineral (26).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Efectos en la biodisponibilidad mineral</font> </P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por su estructura altamente reactiva, el AF es un excelente agente quelante presentando gran afinidad por todos los elementos trazas polivalentes y minerales como Cu<SUP>2</SUP>+, C0<SUP>2</SUP>+,</font> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Mn<SUP>2</SUP>+, Zn<SUP>2</SUP>+, Fc<SUP>2</SUP>+/Fe<SUP>3</SUP>+, Mg<SUP>2</SUP>+ y Ca<SUP>2</SUP>+ (6,40,45,79-82). La mayor parte de los estudios realizados sobre la interacci&oacute;n entre el fitato y los minerales ponen de manifiesto la existencia de una relaci&oacute;n inversa entre la absorci&oacute;n de estos micronutrientes y el AF, aunque existen grandes diferencias en el comportamiento individual de cada elemento mineral (16).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Los efectos adversos del AF en la biodisponibilidad mineral dependen de un gran n&uacute;mero de factores entre los que se destacan la concentraci&oacute;n de AF y la fuerza de su uni&oacute;n con los diferentes minerales (29). Tambi&eacute;n influyen otros factores como (16,29,83-86): <I>(a) </I>las condiciones de procesado del alimento (especialmente el pH), as&iacute; como el tipo de AF (a&ntilde;adido o end&oacute;geno) y la concentraci&oacute;n de minerales en dicho alimento, <I>(b) </I>si el AF es ingerido en la misma comida que la fuente mineral o en comidas separadas, <I>(c) </I>la concentraci&oacute;n de prote&iacute;nas de la dieta, y por tanto la presencia de prote&iacute;nas, p&eacute;ptidos o amino&aacute;cidos en el intestino que pueden interferir en la formaci&oacute;n del complejo fitato- mineral, <I>(d) </I>la presencia de otros agentes quelantes como fibra diet&eacute;tica, &aacute;cido ox&aacute;lico, &aacute;cido asc&oacute;rbico, &aacute;cido c&iacute;trico o taninos, que pueden competir con el AF en su uni&oacute;n con minerales, <I>(e) </I>la presencia de fitasa de origen intestinal, bacteriana o de la dieta, as&iacute; como la inhibici&oacute;n de dicha enzima, y <I>(f) </I>la adaptaci&oacute;n metab&oacute;lica del individuo a altos niveles de AF. Zhou y Erdman (2) y Plaami (87) han revisado el efecto del AF en distintos minerales.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Calcio</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estudios realizados en el hombre indican que el AF reduce la absorci&oacute;n de Ca (88), y que la disminuci&oacute;n del AF en la soja mediante mejora gen&eacute;tica, supone un incremento en la biodisponibilidad de este mineral (89). Por el contrario, los resultados obtenidos en ratas son contradictorios: algunos estudios indican la existencia de un efecto inhibidor del AF en la absorci&oacute;n de Ca (90,91), mientras en otros no se obtiene efecto significativo alguno (79,92-94). Por otra parte se ha sugerido que las ratas no pueden ser consideradas como un buen modelo para la absorci&oacute;n de Ca debido a la actividad fitasa de su mucosa intestinal, que en el hombre (si existe) no juega un papel importante en la digesti&oacute;n del AF (89).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lonnerdal <I>et al. </I>(90) han indicado que el efecto inhibidor del fitato depende del grado de fosforilizaci&oacute;n del inositol, cuando es elevado (5 &oacute; 6 fosfatos) la absorci&oacute;n del Ca y Zn es inhibida significativamente, sin embargo a niveles de fosforilizaci&oacute;n menor este efecto no se observa. La solubilidad de los complejos formados depende tambi&eacute;n de la raz&oacute;n fitato-Ca; as&iacute; la solubilidad del complejo fitato-Ca, es extremadamente baja a razones 1/8, pero a otras es alta (81). Cuando el Ca est&aacute; presente en concentraciones elevadas se forman complejos con 5 &oacute; 6 cationes por mol&eacute;cula de fitato ([Ca]<SUB>5</SUB>-fitato o [Ca]<SUB>6</SUB>-fitato) (25). Tambi&eacute;n pueden existir otros complejos que incluyen de uno a 4 cationes unidos a una mol&eacute;cula de fitato, dependiendo de la concentraci&oacute;n de Ca presente; los complejos hexa-, penta-, tetra-, y tricalcio son insolubles mientras que los complejos mono- y dicalcio son solubles (95). No obstante, la absorci&oacute;n del Ca de los complejos solubles fitato-Ca es muy pobre, ya &eacute;stos que no sufren transporte pasivo en el intestino debido a la alta carga de estas mol&eacute;culas (45), Por &uacute;ltimo, hacer notar que los complejos insolubles fitato-calcio son tambi&eacute;n considerados como los principales responsables de la reducci&oacute;n de la biodisponibilidad de otros minerales como Fe y Zn, a trav&eacute;s de la uni&oacute;n de &eacute;stos al complejo fitato-Ca para formar un complejo a&uacute;n menos soluble (2,86).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Hierro</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Debido al importante contenido de Fe de los cereales, la mayor&iacute;a de los estudios sobre la interacci&oacute;n entre el AF y este mineral se han realizado con el pan integral, que al mismo tiempo vehicula el AF presente en la cubierta de la semilla. A la hora de evaluar los resultados de dichos estudios es importante tener en cuenta la adici&oacute;n de Ca, pr&aacute;ctica habitual en la elaboraci&oacute;n del pan, ya que estudios sobre el balance de nutrientes tanto <I>in vivo </I>como en investigaciones <I>in vitro </I>sugieren que la adici&oacute;n de calcio reduce la hidr&oacute;lisis del AF (11), como consecuencia de que elevadas concentraciones de dicho mineral impiden la acci&oacute;n de las fitasas (96). Numerosos estudios realizados en el hombre indican que el AF tiene un fuerte efecto inhibidor en la absorci&oacute;n de hierro (97-99). Es conocido que el salvado es un importante inhibidor del Fe, y aunque seg&uacute;n las investigaciones realizadas por Simpson <I>et al. </I>(100) este efecto no puede ser atribuido por entero al fitato, la mayor&iacute;a de los estudios coincide en que es debido exclusivamente al AF y otros inositol fosfato presentes en el salvado y no a la presencia de fibra y otros constituyentes (2,97,99). Se ha demostrado en adultos que el efecto negativo del AF en la absorci&oacute;n del Fe es dosisdependiente, pud-i&eacute;ndose incrementar la biodisponibilidad del Fe mediante la adici&oacute;n de &aacute;cido asc&oacute;rbico (2,10 <I>1). </I>El &aacute;cido asc&oacute;rbico no s&oacute;lo facilita la solubilizaci&oacute;n del Fe de la dieta, sino que adem&aacute;s reduce el i&oacute;n f&eacute;rrico a ferroso, que es m&aacute;s soluble, y forma complejos con &eacute;stos, impidiendo por tanto su uni&oacute;n al AF, estos complejos Fe-ascorbato siguen siendo solubles en el intestino delgado (102).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Zinc</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Numerosas investigaciones en animales de experimentaci&oacute;n demuestran que el AF contenido en los alimentos reduce la biodisponibilidad del Zn (95,103). Los InsP6 y InsP5 son las formas de AF que ejercen este efecto, mientras que los fitatos con menor grado de fosforilaci&oacute;n ejercen un bajo o nulo efecto en la absorci&oacute;n del Zn (104). Los resultados de estudios en el hombre tambi&eacute;n han demostrado que el AF presente en la dieta inhibe la biodisponibilidad del Zn, y que altos niveles de este antinutriente pueden dar lugar a una deficiencia de Zn (2). En Espa&ntilde;a, las necesidades calculadas para este elemento s&oacute;lo se cubren en un 68,3% (105), siendo considerado principal responsable el AF. Se ha sugerido la raz&oacute;n molar AF/Zn como indicador de la biodisponibilidad del Zn, y as&iacute; valores de la misma mayores de 20 supondr&iacute;an una disminuci&oacute;n de la absorci&oacute;n de este mineral (106-108). Otros investigadores, considerando que el contenido de Ca en la dieta es de vital importancia en el efecto negativo del AF sobre el Zn (109), indican que para la predicci&oacute;n de la utilizaci&oacute;n del Zn ser&iacute;a m&aacute;s adecuada la raz&oacute;n fitato-Ca/Zn (85,110). Un aumento de la concentraci&oacute;n de Ca en dietas que contienen Zn y fitato supone una reducci&oacute;n de la biodisponibilidad del Zn (95) debido a la formaci&oacute;n de complejos insolubles Ca-fitato-Zn (2). A valores de la raz&oacute;n fitato-Ca/Zn mayores de 22 la utilizaci&oacute;n de Zn queda comprometida (106).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por &uacute;ltimo se&ntilde;alar que cuando en un alimento confluyen diferentes constituyentes capaces de ejercer una acci&oacute;n antinutritiva frente a cationes, tal es el caso de oxalatos, taninos, fibra y AF, resulta complicado establecer un orden de importancia en cuanto a las fuerzas de uni&oacute;n que cada uno de ellos ejercen (111, 112). La mayor&iacute;a de los alimentos que presentan elevado contenido de AF son tambi&eacute;n buenas fuente de fibra diet&eacute;tica, la cual tiene una gran afinidad por los minerales, y aunque los fitatos y la fibra son separados y evaluados independientemente en los distintos estudios, es dif&iacute;cil atribuir los efectos negativos en la biodisponibilidad mineral &uacute;nicamente a los fitatos (33). As&iacute; pues, justificado el efecto negativo del AF sobre la biodisponibilidad mineral ser&iacute;a adecuada la selecci&oacute;n gen&eacute;tica de semillas con bajo contenido en AF, sin embargo aunque &eacute;sta supone un aumento de la eficiencia de utilizaci&oacute;n del P, lo cual es deseable, implica una disminuci&oacute;n de la toma de P hacia el interior del germen o la semilla que no es deseable. En cualquier caso, los programas de mejora gen&eacute;tica han de estar dirigidos a reducir el contenido de P f&iacute;tico, pero manteniendo el contenido total de P en la planta y en la semilla, as&iacute; como otros constituyentes deseables (51,113).</font> </P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Efectos farmacol&oacute;gicos</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Del AF a bajas concentraciones, ha sido descrita bibliogr&aacute;ficamente la existencia de efectos positivos, entre los que se pueden citar: retardo de la digestibilidad del almid&oacute;n y disminuci&oacute;n de la respuesta a la glucosa en sangre, hipocolesterolemia, prevenci&oacute;n de c&aacute;lculos renales, control de la caries dental y c&aacute;ncer, y mejora de la capacidad de captaci&oacute;n de ox&iacute;geno de los gl&oacute;bulos rojos (2,18,32,81,114). Estudios epidemiol&oacute;gicos y estudios en ratas sugieren tambi&eacute;n un posible papel preventivo del AF frente a diversas patolog&iacute;as cardiacas, derivado del control de la hipercolesterolemia y la arteriosclerosis en el hombre (2,115,116). Tambi&eacute;n se ha indicado el papel del AF como ant&iacute;doto frente a la intoxicaci&oacute;n aguda por plomo, debido principalmente a su capacidad de unirse a minerales (29,32).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La adici&oacute;n de AF (en niveles de 0,2-9%) en la dieta de ratas reduce significativamente los niveles plasm&aacute;ticos de colesterol y triglic&eacute;ridos (117). Esto parece estar relacionado con la capacidad del AF de unirse al Zn disminuyendo los niveles s&eacute;ricos de Zn y la raz&oacute;n Zn/Cu, ya que altos valores en esta relaci&oacute;n tienden a predisponer al hombre a enfermedades cardiovasculares por implicar hipercolesterolemia (29). Adem&aacute;s, posiblemente este efecto est&aacute; tambi&eacute;n relacionado con la reducci&oacute;n de los niveles plasm&aacute;ticos de glucosa y la concentraci&oacute;n de insulina (116), la cual conduce a una disminuci&oacute;n del est&iacute;mulo para la s&iacute;ntesis hep&aacute;tica de l&iacute;pidos (118).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Por otra parte el AF disminuye la velocidad de la digesti&oacute;n del almid&oacute;n por los mismos mecanismos por los que ejerce su acci&oacute;n antinutriente, esto es, puede unirse o bien directamente a la a -amilasa inactiv&aacute;ndola, o al Ca que es necesario para estabilizar la actividad amilasa, o al almid&oacute;n, modificando as&iacute; su grado de gelatinizaci&oacute;n o su accesibilidad para las enzimas digestivas, adem&aacute;s influye en la respuesta sangu&iacute;nea a la glucosa por producir retardo del vaciado g&aacute;strico (29).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estudios realizados en animales y en el hombre han mostrado que la inclusi&oacute;n en la dieta del salvado de trigo supone un papel protector frente a diversos tipos de c&aacute;ncer, especialmente de colon y mama, sin embargo en un principio no estaba claro si este efecto era debido exclusivamente a la fibra o a otros componentes como el AF (119). En este sentido, Jenab y Thompson (120) han observado que el AF presente en el salvado de trigo, as&iacute; como el AF a&ntilde;adido a dietas con bajo contenido en fibra reduce la presencia de biomarcadores del riesgo de c&aacute;ncer. Adem&aacute;s estudios realizados en ratas alimentadas con AF muestran una relaci&oacute;n negativa significativa entre los niveles de AF (0,6-2,0%) y la proliferaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas epiteliales en el colon ascendente y descendente (121). El AF disminuye el riesgo de c&aacute;ncer a trav&eacute;s de varios mecanismos (29,32,122,123): <I>(a) </I>al unirse al Fe disminuye la formaci&oacute;n de radicales libres durante la oxidaci&oacute;n de los l&iacute;pidos, ya que &eacute;sta es catalizada por dicho i&oacute;n, <I>(b) </I>al unirse al Zn, que es necesario para la s&iacute;ntesis de ADN, reduce indirectamente la proliferaci&oacute;n celular, <I>(c) </I>al retardar la digesti&oacute;n del almid&oacute;n, &eacute;ste puede llegar al colon y ser fermentado por las bacterias produci&eacute;ndose &aacute;cidos grasos de cadena corta cuya actividad protectora frente al c&aacute;ncer es conocida. Shamsuddin <I>et al. </I>(124, 125) han revisado el papel del AF sobre el c&aacute;ncer, llegando a la conclusi&oacute;n de su papel no solo en la prevenci&oacute;n sino tambi&eacute;n como agente terap&eacute;utico ya que los InsP6 incrementan la diferenciaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas malignas que a menudo resulta en una reversi&oacute;n al fenotipo normal (126). No obstante, el efecto del AF no es igual en todos los &oacute;rganos: aunque se ha encontrado una reducci&oacute;n en la incidencia de n&oacute;dulos hiperpl&aacute;sicos en el h&iacute;gado, de carcinoma hepatocelular y de c&aacute;ncer de mama (29,127), estudios realizados con distintos carcin&oacute;genos en es&oacute;fago, intestino delgado, colon, ri&ntilde;ones y tiroides muestran un efecto nulo del AF en la incidencia de c&aacute;ncer en estos &oacute;rganos (128).</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En cuanto a la prevenci&oacute;n de c&aacute;lculos renales y tratamiento de la hipercalciuria, existen evidencias experimentales de que los inositol di- y trifosfato (InsP2, InsP3) son efectivos en la prevenci&oacute;n de cristales de hidroxiapatita <I>in vitro, </I>que son los que act&uacute;an como n&uacute;cleo en la formaci&oacute;n de c&aacute;lculos (2, 129). Adem&aacute;s estudios <I>in vivo </I>e <I>in vitro </I>y estudios cl&iacute;nicos, han mostrado claramente que el fitato juega un papel importante como inhibidor de la cristalizaci&oacute;n de sales c&aacute;lcicas en los fluidos biol&oacute;gicos, siendo considerado una alternativa clara en el tratamiento de la litiasis renal (130).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">M&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lisis</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dado que el AF no tiene un espectro de absorci&oacute;n caracter&iacute;stico, y por tanto no existen reactivos espec&iacute;ficos para su identificaci&oacute;n, su determinaci&oacute;n ha constituido un problema anal&iacute;tico durante mucho tiempo. Hasta 1980, el AF era exclusivamente determinado a trav&eacute;s de m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n no espec&iacute;ficos o de intercambio i&oacute;nico. En la actualidad, aunque algunos de los m&eacute;todos anteriores siguen vigentes, el empleo de procedimientos en los que se incluyen HPLC de fase reversa, cromatograf&iacute;a de par i&oacute;nico o RMN es com&uacute;n.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Extracci&oacute;n del AF</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En la extractabilidad del fitato presente en los distintos alimentos y/o semillas influyen varios factores entre los que se encuentran (36,131): <I>(a) </I>la asociaci&oacute;n del fitato con otros componentes, y por tanto la naturaleza de las prote&iacute;nas y los cationes mono- y divalentes con los que el fitato se encuentra formando complejos, <I>(b) </I>el pH, <I>(c) </I>el tipo de solvente y fuerza i&oacute;nica usada en la extracci&oacute;n, y <I>(d) </I>la presencia de Fe end&oacute;geno, que a altas concentraciones puede precipitar el fitato durante la extracci&oacute;n, y con ello producir un error por defecto en la cuantificaci&oacute;n final.</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Varios solventes han sido evaluados para determinar su especificidad en la extracci&oacute;n del AF. Los m&aacute;s com&uacute;nmente utilizados son el HCl (0,2 N, 0,5 N &oacute; 0,65 N) (64,69,132- 138) y el &aacute;cido tricloroac&eacute;tico diluido (TCA) (36,139-141). En la bibliograf&iacute;a tambi&eacute;n aparecen otros solventes como el H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> al 3% (131,139) y la soluci&oacute;n HCl 1,2% / Na<SUB>2</SUB>S0<SUB>4</SUB> 10% (131,142). Reddy y Sa1unkhe (36) han estudiado la eficiencia de diferentes solventes en la extracci&oacute;n en un tipo de jud&iacute;a <I>(Phaseolus mungo), </I>obteniendo extracciones m&aacute;s completas y mayores valores de AF con TCA al 3% que con HCI al 2%. Otros autores (141,143) tambi&eacute;n han observado, en jud&iacute;as y trigo, una baja solubilidad del fitato en HCl debida probablemente a la formaci&oacute;n de complejos insolubles entre fitato y prote&iacute;nas. Estudios realizados por Camire y Clydesdale (139) muestran resultados similares en la extracci&oacute;n con H<SUB>2</SUB>S0<SUB>4</SUB> al 3% y con TCA al 3%. Plaami y Kumpulainen (131) han obtenido en cereales la misma efectividad utilizando H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> al 3% y HCI al 2,4% (0,65 M), siendo &eacute;sta menor que la de la soluci&oacute;n HCI 1,2 % / Na<SUB>2</SUB>SO <SUB>4</SUB> 10%.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En cuanto a las condiciones de extracci&oacute;n, algunos autores han indicado que el uso de altas temperaturas (60 °C) implica extracciones m&aacute;s satisfactorias, obteni&eacute;ndose extractos m&aacute;s claros, y adem&aacute;s se previene el desarrollo de gas durante la formaci&oacute;n del complejo fitato f&eacute;rrico en los m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n con cloruro de hierro (143). No obstante, en la mayor&iacute;a de los estudios la extracci&oacute;n se realiza a temperatura ambiente y con agitaci&oacute;n continua, durante tiempos que oscilan de 0,5-3 horas, tras lo cual la suspensi&oacute;n obtenida es centrifugada y filtrada.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">M&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estos m&eacute;todos est&aacute;n basados en el desarrollado por Heubner y Stadler (144), y la mayor parte de ellos incluyen la precipitaci&oacute;n a bajo pH y la formaci&oacute;n, en presencia de un exceso de i&oacute;n f&eacute;rrico de un complejo Fe-fitato y la subsiguiente cuantificaci&oacute;n del P, Fe o del inositol en el precipitado (71,131,141). En los casos en que la cuantificaci&oacute;n final se realiza sobre el Fe, la concentraci&oacute;n de P f&iacute;tico es calculada usando una raz&oacute;n te&oacute;rica Fe:P de 4:6 (139), en estos m&eacute;todos es importante el lavado del precipitado obtenido ya que la presencia de SO<SUB>4</SUB>= o C1<SUP>-</SUP> en la extracci&oacute;n puede alterar la raz&oacute;n Fe:P (131). Una vez obtenido el valor del P f&iacute;tico, el c&aacute;lculo del contenido de AF se realiza considerando el valor te&oacute;rico 28,2% de P en la mol&eacute;cula de AF (22). Existen m&eacute;todos indirectos en los que la cuantificaci&oacute;n, ya sea del P (131,145) o del Fe residual (39) se realiza en el sobrenadante, y el AF es calculado por diferencia. Reddy <I>et al. </I>(54) han revisado los m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n disponibles para la determinaci&oacute;n del AF.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">M&eacute;todos de intercambio i&oacute;nico</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En estos m&eacute;todos la etapa de precipitaci&oacute;n es eliminada, la extracci&oacute;n del fitato se realiza directamente y la soluci&oacute;n resultante es pasada a trav&eacute;s de una resina de intercambio i&oacute;nico, eluyendo primero el P, y posteriormente el fitato que es determinado por distintos procedimientos. El uso de una columna de intercambio ani&oacute;nico fue introducido por Harland y Oberleas (135) que desarrollaron un m&eacute;todo en el que una vez extra&iacute;do el fitato con HCl 1,2%, el extracto obtenido es elu&iacute;do a trav&eacute;s de una resina de intercambio i&oacute;nico para separar el P inorg&aacute;nico. El fitato elu&iacute;do es digerido con H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> y HNO<SUB>3</SUB> concentrado, y el contenido de P liberado cuantificado colorim&eacute;tricamente. El principal inconveniente de este m&eacute;todo es que la etapa de digesti&oacute;n necesita una continua atenci&oacute;n para minimizar las p&eacute;rdidas producidas como consecuencia de una digesti&oacute;n incompleta o excesiva (137), se ha sugerido que si la digesti&oacute;n &aacute;cida no es completa las muestras sean introducidas en la mufla durante 8 horas a 535°C (1). Posteriormente, Latta y Eskin (137) desarrollaron un m&eacute;todo m&aacute;s r&aacute;pido y simple, bas&aacute;ndose la reacci&oacute;n entre el i&oacute;n f&eacute;rrico y el &aacute;cido sulfosalic&iacute;lico. En &eacute;ste, el AF es primero concentrado en una resina de intercambio ani&oacute;nico, y una vez elu&iacute;do el P inorg&aacute;nico con NaCl 0,5 M se realiza la eluci&oacute;n del fitato con NaCl 0,7 M. La concentraci&oacute;n de fitato se determina colorim&eacute;tricamente utilizando el reactivo de Wade (FeCl<SUB>3</SUB>.6H<SUB>2</SUB>O al 0,03% y &aacute;cido sulfosalic&iacute;lico al 3%), utilizando como est&aacute;ndar fitato c&aacute;lcico, que es previamente convertido en AF libre y determinado con el m&eacute;todo de Harland y Oberleas (135), o bien fitato s&oacute;dico que es soluble en agua por lo que no es necesaria su conversi&oacute;n en AF libre.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En la actualidad sigue vigente el m&eacute;todo considerado como oficial por la A.O.A.C. (147) desarrollado por Harland y Oberleas (17). Estos autores considerando que el fitato en la planta se encuentra unido a prote&iacute;nas y minerales, modificaron su m&eacute;todo inicial (135) mediante la inclusi&oacute;n del &aacute;cido etilendiaminotetraac&eacute;tico (EDTA) y el ajuste de los extractos a pH 7, para eliminar estas uniones y mejorar as&iacute; la recuperaci&oacute;n del fitato y la exactitud del ensayo. As&iacute;, el AF es extra&iacute;do de la matriz del alimento con HCl al 2,4% y el extracto obtenido, una vez filtrado, es diluido con una soluci&oacute;n de EDTA/NaOH y lavado a trav&eacute;s de una columna de intercambio ani&oacute;nico, donde la mayor&iacute;a de las impurezas son elu&iacute;das fuera de la columna, mientras que el AF es retenido en la misma.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El principal inconveniente tanto de los m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n como de los de intercambio i&oacute;nico es la falta de especificidad, como consecuencia de la dificultad del ajuste ( de las condiciones de hidr&oacute;lisis necesarias para que s&oacute;lo determinados inositol fosfato (InsP6) sean liberados para su cuantificaci&oacute;n (147). Por ello estos m&eacute;todos son v&aacute;lidos para aquellos cereales y leguminosas que se encuentren en estado natural, ya que en ellos b&aacute;sicamente s&oacute;lo hay AF (InsP6), no aconsej&aacute;ndose su uso en alimentos procesados, ya que &eacute;stos contienen tambi&eacute;n cantidades apreciables de is&oacute;meros del AF desfosforilados como InsP5, InsP4 e InsP3 y posiblemente InsP2 e InsP (148). Estos fosfatos son determinados tambi&eacute;n en los m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n, y en los de intercambio i&oacute;nico son retenidos en la columna y elu&iacute;dos con el AF por lo que deber&iacute;an de ser incluidos en el c&aacute;lculo de AF (149,150), ya que si no los valores de AF obtenidos ser&iacute;an sobrestimados.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">M&eacute;todos cromatogr&aacute;ficos</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">HPLC</font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para solventar los inconvenientes encontrados en la determinaci&oacute;n del AF con m&eacute;todos de intercambio i&oacute;nico numerosos investigadores han recurrido a la cromatograf&iacute;a, especialmente a la HPLC. Sin embargo debido a que los inositol fosfatos no tienen un espectro caracter&iacute;stico de absorci&oacute;n, su detecci&oacute;n mediante an&aacute;lisis HPLC est&aacute; limitada a m&eacute;todos que emplean monitoreo del &iacute;ndice de refracci&oacute;n, determinaci&oacute;n de productos de reacci&oacute;n postcolumna o detecci&oacute;n indirecta, entre <I>ptros </I>(151). En muchos de ellos la etapa inicial de obtenci&oacute;n de los fitatos se realiza mediante intercambio i&oacute;nico o precipitaci&oacute;n. As&iacute; el m&eacute;todo desarrollado por Graf y Dintzis (132) combina un m&eacute;todo de intercambio i&oacute;nico (135) con HPLC en una columna de CL8 ' la t&eacute;cnica utilizada por Camire y Clydesdale (139) se basa en la precipitaci&oacute;n del AF como fitato f&eacute;rrico, seguida de su conversi&oacute;n en fitato s&oacute;dico antes de ser inyectado en una columna de CI8 de fase reversa, y en el m&eacute;todo de Lchrfeld y Morris (149) la separaci&oacute;n de los inositol fosfato se realiza seg&uacute;n el m&eacute;todo de Harland y Oberleas (17) Y la soluci&oacute;n resultante es concentrada y analizada por HPLC. Otros autores han mejorado el an&aacute;lisis con HPLC utilizando la cromatograf&iacute;a de intercambio i&oacute;nico para separar los inositol fosfato, que son determinados con HPLC de par i&oacute;nico con una columna de C'8 fase reversa (152-154). Recientemente, Talamond <I>el al. </I>(155) han desarrollado un m&eacute;todo HPLC con intercambio ani&oacute;nico para la detecci&oacute;n del AF en alimentos, empleando como sistema de detecci&oacute;n la conductividad.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Entre las ventajas que presenta la HPLC en la determinaci&oacute;n del AF hay que destacar que en estos m&eacute;todos los distintos inositol fosfatos son determinados como entidades independientes, permitiendo la cuantificaci&oacute;n de InsP6 &oacute; InsP5 en mezclas que incluso contienen todos los is&oacute;meros (149). La HPLC permite adem&aacute;s la cuantificaci&oacute;n de inositol fosfatos en presencia de nucle&oacute;tidos, que en otros m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lisis pueden interferir en la determinaci&oacute;n del AF (148). En los alimentos que contienen carne, pescado. extracto de levadura o cereales germinados, los nucle&oacute;tidos se encuentran de forma natural, y en algunos alimentos procesados es com&uacute;n su adici&oacute;n como potenciadores del sabor. Por 10 tanto en los alimentos procesados (los cuales generalmente contienen inositol parcialmente fosforilado como consecuencia de la hidr&oacute;lisis del AF) la determinaci&oacute;n del AF deber&iacute;a realizarse por HPLC (149).</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Cromatograf&iacute;a i&oacute;nica</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Los m&eacute;todos de cromatograf&iacute;a i&oacute;nica para la determinaci&oacute;n de AF est&aacute;n basados en el procedimiento de Fitchett y Woodruff (156) para medir polifosfatos en detergentes, usando el i&oacute;n f&eacute;rrico como reactivo de derivaci&oacute;n. Aunque en el m&eacute;todo anterior se utilizaba inicialmente una longitud de onda de 330 nm para la detecci&oacute;n, Phillippy y Johnston (138) observaron que el complejo fitato f&eacute;rrico presenta una absorbancia m&aacute;xima a 290 nm. Estos autores desarrollaron un m&eacute;todo de cromatograf&iacute;a i&oacute;nica para determinar AF en alimentos, en el cual los extractos son directamente inyectados en la columna sin necesidad dc una etapa previa de purificaci&oacute;n. A pesar de que la reacci&oacute;n post-columna no es espec&iacute;fica para los fosfatos, el fitato es elu&iacute;do limpiamente en el &uacute;ltimo pico en el an&aacute;lisis de alimentos. El tiempo de retenci&oacute;n del AF se determina a partir de la concentraci&oacute;n del eluyente utilizado (normalmente HNO<SUB>3</SUB>), siendo las recuperaciones obtenidas con el procedimiento de las adiciones est&aacute;ndar del 96 ± 4%. Mas recientemente, Skoglund <I>et al. </I>(157) han mejorado la separaci&oacute;n de los InsP6-InsP y sus is&oacute;meros de posici&oacute;n. utilizando columnas de intercambio ani&oacute;nico de elevada fuerza. En un trabajo anterior (158), para separar los inositol fosfato del extracto crudo, estos autores compararon el uso en un m&eacute;todo de cromatograf&iacute;a i&oacute;nica (HPIC) de dos sistemas de detecci&oacute;n: reacci&oacute;n postcolumna m&aacute;s detecci&oacute;n por UV (sistema 1) Y detecci&oacute;n de la perdida de conductividad (sistema 2); los mejores resultados se" obten&iacute;an cuando InsP2- InsP6 eran determinados en el sistema 1, que tambi&eacute;n separaba iones InsP4 y InsP5, pero las fracciones que conten&iacute;an InsP-InsP3 eran transferidas al segundo sistema.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Otras t&eacute;cnicas</font> </P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La falta de especificidad de los m&eacute;todos de precipitaci&oacute;n y de intercambio i&oacute;nico llevaron a O'Neill <I>et al. </I>(159) a desarrollar una t&eacute;cnica de Resonancia Magn&eacute;tica Nuclear de 31p en modo Transformada de Fourier (31P FT RMN) para la determinaci&oacute;n de AF en alimentos. La RMN proporciona una elevada e.specificidad ya que el espectro RMN <SUP>31</SUP>p del fitato es muy caracter&iacute;stico, consiste en 4 se&ntilde;ales que conducen a una relaci&oacute;n 1 :2:2: 1 de una a otra en determinados rangos de pH (138). Los m&eacute;todos desarrollados por Mazzola <I>el al. </I>(138), Ers&ouml;z <I>et al. </I>(140) y Wang <I>et al. </I>(24) para determinar la concentraci&oacute;n de fitatos en la dieta est&aacute;n basados en esta t&eacute;cnica. En estos procedimientos, una vez realizada la extracci&oacute;n (con HCl o TCA), a la soluci&oacute;n resultante se le adiciona EDTA y el pH se ajusta a 4,5 antes de su an&aacute;lisis mediante <SUP>31</SUP>p Fr RMN.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Plaami y Kumpulainen (131) utilizando la Espectrofotometr&iacute;a de Emisi&oacute;n At&oacute;mica-Acoplamiento de Plasma lnductivo (ICP-AES), han desarrollado dos m&eacute;todos para la determinaci&oacute;n de AF en cereales bas&aacute;ndose en los m&eacute;todos tradicionales. En el primero, el AF del extracto de la muestra es separado y concentrado mediante intercambio i&oacute;nico y determinado como P utilizando ICP-AES. En el segundo m&eacute;todo el AF extra&iacute;do es primero precipitado con una soluci&oacute;n de FeC1<SUB>3</SUB>, el fitato f&eacute;rrico producido es transformado en hidr&oacute;xido f&eacute;rrico mediante la adici&oacute;n de NaOH, y el fitato s&oacute;dico soluble resultante es determinado cuantitativamente por ICP-AES. En ambos m&eacute;todos tanto la digesti&oacute;n &aacute;cida como la determinaci&oacute;n espectrofotom&eacute;trica de P son eliminadas, lo que hace que estos m&eacute;todos, adem&aacute;s de ser m&aacute;s exactos, sean m&aacute;s r&aacute;pidos y simples que los m&eacute;todos tradicionales.</font> </P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Recientemente March <I>et al. </I>(160) han desarrollado un m&eacute;todo fluorim&eacute;trico para la determinaci&oacute;n del AF en alimentos y muestras de orina humana, bas&aacute;ndose en el hecho de que el AF ejerce un efecto activador en la reacci&oacute;n de oxidaci&oacute;n de la 2, 2'-dipyridyl cetona hidrazona para dar un producto que presenta una alta fluorescencia.</font> </P> <B>    <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">CONCLUSION</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En las dos ultimas d&eacute;cadas se han realizado importantes avances en el conocimiento del AF. Se han descrito nuevos papeles fisiol&oacute;gicos en la planta, y, en contraposici&oacute;n a los tradicionales efectos adversos en la dieta, se han descubierto nuevos beneficios para la salud; sin embargo, dado que la mayor&iacute;a de los aspectos beneficiosos del AF son derivados de investigaciones <I>in vitro, </I>en animales o de estudios epidemiol&oacute;gicos, ser&iacute;an necesarias m&aacute;s investigaciones en el hombre que evaluaran conjuntamente los efectos adversos y los potenciales aspectos beneficiosos del AF de la dieta. Desde un punto de vista anal&iacute;tico, los m&eacute;todos de an&aacute;lisis mediante precipitaci&oacute;n han sido sustituidos por m&eacute;todos m&aacute;s sensibles y exactos como HPLC, <SUP>31</SUP>PFT NMP y ICP-AES.</font> </P> <B>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">REFERENCIAS</font></P> </B>    <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">1. Wyatt CJ, Triana- Tejas A. Soluble and insoluble Fe, Zn. Ca and phytates in foods commonly consumed in Northern Mexico. J Agric Food Chem 1994; 42: 2204-209.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394251&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">2. Zhou JR, Erdman JWJr. Phytic acid in health and disease. C.R.C. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1995; 35, 495-508.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394252&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3. Petterson DF, Harris DJ, Rayner CJ, Blakeney AB, Choct M. Methods for the analysis of premium livestock grains. Australian J Agric Res 1999; 50: 775-87.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394253&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4. Segueilha L, Moulin G. Galkzy P. Reduction of phytate content in wheat bran and glandless cotton fIour by <I>Schwanniomyces castellii. </I>J Agric Food Chem 1993; 41: 2451-454.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394254&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5. Walsh GA. Power RF, Headon DR. Enzymes in the animal- feed industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 1994; 5: 81-87.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394255&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6. Sugiura S H, Raboy V. Young KA, Dong FM, Hardy RW. Availability of phosphorus and trace-elements in low-phytate varieties of barley and corn for rainbow-trout <I>(Oncorhynchus mykis.l). </I>Aquaculture 1999; 170: 285-96.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394256&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">7. Bindu S, Somashekar D, Joseph R. A comparative-study on permeabilization treatments for in-situ determination of phytase of <I>Rhodotorula gracilis. </I>Letters in Applied Microbiology 1998: 27: 336-40.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394257&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8. Liener IE. Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1994: 34: 31-67.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394258&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9. Tabekhia MM, Luh BS. Effect of germination, cooking and canned on phosphorus and phytate retention in dry beans. J Food Sci 1980; 45: 406-08.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394259&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">10. Szkudelski T. Phytic acid-its influence on organism. J Anim Feed Sci 1997; 6: 427-438.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394260&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">11. Snider M. Liebman M. Calcium additives and sproutted wheat effects on phytate hydrolysis in whole wheat bread. J Food Sci 1992; 57 118-20.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394261&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12. Harland BF, Oberleas D. Phytate in foods. Wld Rev Nutr Diet 1987; 52: 235-59.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394262&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">13. Khan N. Zaman R. Elahi M. Eftect of processing on the phytic acid content of bengal grams <I>(Cicer arietinum) </I>products. J Agric Food Chem 1988: 36: 1274-276.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394263&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">14. Centeno C, Viveros A, Brenes A, Canales R, Lozano A, de la Cuadra C. Effect of several germination condition on total P. phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley. J Agric Food Chem 2001. 49: 3208-215.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394264&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">15. Anderson. RJ. Contribution to the chemistry of phytin. J Biol Chem 1914; 17: 171.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394265&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">16. Cheryan M. Phytic acid interactions in food systems. C.R.C. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1980; 13: 297-35.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394266&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">17. Harland BF, Oberleas D. Anion exchange method for determination of phytate in foods: a collaborative study. J AOAC 1986; 69: 667- 70.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394267&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">18. Thompson LV. Reduction of phytic acid concentration in protein isolates by acylation techniques. J AOCS 1987; 64: 1712-717.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394268&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">19. Wang J. Improvement of citric-acid production by <I>Aspergillus niger </I>with addition of phytate to beet molasses. Bioresource Technol 1998; 65: 243-45.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394269&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">20. Lott JNA, Greenwood JS, Batten GD. Mechanisms and mineral nutrient storage during seed development. En: Seed Development and Germination. J. Kigel. G. Galili. (Eds). Marcel Dekker. New York 1995; p. 215.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394270&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">21. Frossard E, Bucher M, M&auml;chler F, Mozafar A, Hurrell R. Potential for increasing the content and bioavailability of Fe, Zn, and Ca in plants for human nutrition. J Sci Food Agric 2000; 80: 861-879.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394271&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">22. Bhatty RS, Slinkard AE. Relationship between phytic acid and cooking quality in lentil. Can Inst Food Sci Technol. J 1989; 22: 137-42.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394272&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">23. Yoshida KT, Wada T, Koyama H, Mizobuchifukuoka R. Naito S. Temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of the transcript of myo-inositol-l-phosphate synthase and phytin- containing particles during seed development in rice. Plant Physiol1999; 119: 65-72.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394273&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">24. Wang CF, Tsay SM, Lee CY, Liu SM, Aras NK. Phythate content in taiwanese diet determined by <SUP>31</SUP>p Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 1992; 40: 1030-33.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394274&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">25. Nolan KB, Duffin PA, McWeeny D.J. Effects of phytate on mineral bioavailability. <I>In vitro </I>studies on Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd. Solubilities in presence of phytate. J Sci Food Agric1987; 40: 79-85.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394275&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100025&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">26. Deshpande SS<I>, </I>Damodaran S. Effect of phytate on solubilty, activity and conformation of trypsin and chymotrypsin. J Food Sci 1989; 54: 695-99.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394276&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100026&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">27. Han, YW. Removal of phytic acid from soybean and cottonseed meals. J Agric Food Chem 1988; 36: 1181-83.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394277&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100027&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">28. Dua S, Mahajan A, Mahajan A. Improvement of functional prorperties of rapeseed <I>(Brassica campes tris </I>var. Toria) preparations by chemical modifications. J Agric Food Chem 1996; 44: 706-10.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394278&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100028&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">29. Thompson LU. Potential health benefits and problems associated with antinutrients in foods. Food Res Int 1993; 26: 131-49.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394279&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100029&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">30. Bau HM, Villaume C, Nicolas JP, M&eacute;jean L. Effect of germination on chemical composition, biochemical constituents and antinutritional factors of soya bean <I>(Glycine max) </I>seeds. J Sci Food Agric 1997; 73: 1-9.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394280&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100030&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">31. Lolas M, Markakis P. Phytase of navy beans. J Food Sci 1977; 42: 1094-97.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394281&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100031&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">32. Graf E, Eaton JW. Antioxidant functions of phytic acid. Free Rad Biol Med 1990; 8: 61-69.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394282&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100032&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">33. Ravindran V, Ravindran G, Sivalogan S. Total and phytate phosphoprus contents of various foods and feedstuffs of plant origino Food Chem 1994; 50: 133-36.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394283&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100033&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">34. Lathia DN, Koch M. Comparative study of phytic acid content, <I>in vitro </I>protein digestibility and arnino acid composition of different types of flat breads. J Sci Food Agric 1989; 47: 353- 64.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394284&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100034&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">35. Marero LM, Payumo EM, Aguinaldo AR, Matsumoto I, Homma S. Antinutritional factors in weaning foods prepared from germinated cereals and legumes. Lebensm Wiss u Technol1991; 24: 177~81.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394285&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100035&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">36. Reddy NR, Salunkhe DK. Interactions between phytate, protein, and minerals in whey fractions of black gramo J Food Sci 1981; 46: 564-70.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394286&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100036&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">37. Lolas GM, Markakis P. Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans <I>(Phaseolus vulgaris). </I>J Agric Food Chem 1975; 23: 13-15.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394287&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100037&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">38. Carnovale E, Lugaro E, Lombardi-Boccia G. Phytic acid in faba bean and pea: effect on protein availability. Cereal Chem 1988; 65: 114-17.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394288&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100038&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">39. Griffiths DW. The phytate content and iron-binding capacity of various field bean <I>(Vicia faba) </I>preparations and extracts. J Sci Food Agric 1982; 33: 847-51.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394289&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100039&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">40. Beleia A, Thu Thao LT, Ida El. Lowering phytic phosphorus by hidration of soybean. J Food Sci 1993; 58: 375-88.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394290&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100040&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">41. Kirby LK, Nelson TS.. Total and phytate phosphorous content in so me food ingredient derived from grains. Nutr Rep Int 1988; 37: 277-90.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394291&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100041&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">42. Bohnert HJ, Nelson DE, Jensen RG. Adaptations to environmental stresses. Plant Cel1 1995; 7: 1099-111.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394292&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100042&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">43. Raboy V, Gerbari P. Genetics of myo-inositol phosphate synthesis and accumulation. En: Subcellular biochemistry: <I>myo-inositol </I>phosphates, phosphoinositides, and signal transduction. Biswas, B. y Biswas, S. (Eds.). Plenum Press, New York 1996; pp.257-285.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394293&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100043&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">44. Raboy V. The biochemistry and genetics of phytic acid synthesis. En: Inositol metabolism in plants. Morr&eacute;, D., Boss, W y Locwus, F. (Eds.), Wiley-Liss, New York 1990; pp.55- 76.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394294&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100044&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">45. Schlemmer U, M&uuml;ller H, Jany KLD. The degradation of phytic acid in legumes prepared by different methods. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49: 207-10.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394295&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100045&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">46. Scott, JJ. Alkaline phytase activity in nonionic detergent extracts of legume seeds. Plant Physiol 1991; 95: 1298-301.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394296&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100046&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">47. Gross W, y Boss WF. Inositol phospholipids and signal transduction. En: Control of Plant Gene Expression. D.P.S. Verma (Ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1993.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394297&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100047&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">48. Graf E, Empson KL, Eaton JW. Phytic acid: a natural antioxidant. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 11647-650.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394298&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100048&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">49. Ishitani M, Majumder AL, Bomhouser A, Michalowski CB, Jensen RG, Bohnert HJ. Coordinate transcriptional induction of <I>myo-inositol </I>metabolism during environmental stress. Plant ! J 1996; 9: 537-48.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394299&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100049&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">50. Oomah BD, Kenaschuk EO, Mazza G. Phytic acid content of flaxseed as influenced by cultivar, growing-season, and location. J Agric Food Chem 1996; 9: 2663-666.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394300&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100050&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">51. Raboy V, Dickinson DB. Phytic acid levels in seeds of <I>Glycine max </I>and G. <I>soja </I>as influenced by phosphorus status. Crop Sci 1993; 33: 1300-305.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394301&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100051&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">52. Raboy V, y Dickinson DB. Variation in seed total phosphorus, phytic acid, zinc, magnesium, and protein among lines of <I>Glycine max </I>and G. <I>soja. </I>Crop Sci 1984; 24: 431-34.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394302&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100052&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">53. Urbano G, Lopez M, Femandez M, Moreu MC, Porres J, Frias J, Vidalvalverde C. Ca and P bioavailability of processed lentils as affected by dietary fiber and phytic acid content. Nutr Res 1999; 19: 49-64.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394303&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100053&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">54. Reddy NR, Pierson MD, Sathe SK, Salunkhe DK. Methods for analysis of phytate. En: Phytate in Cereal s and Legumes. CRC Press: Florida 1989; pp 26-36.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394304&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100054&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">55. Bau HM, Villaume C, Chandrasiri V, Nicolas JP, M&eacute;jean L. Effect de la germination sur la composition et la valeur nutritive de graines de saja chez le rato Sci des Aliments 1994; 14: 688-95.</font> </P>     <!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">56. Chandrasiri V, Bau HM, Villaume C, Giannangeli F, M&eacute;jean L. Effect of germinated and heated soybean meals on plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rats. Reproduction Nutrition Development 1990; 30: 611-18.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394306&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100056&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">57. Nair VC, Laflamme J, Duvnjak Z. Production of phytase by <I>Aspergillus ficcum </I>and reduction of phytic acid content in canola meal. J Sci Food Agric 1991; 54: 355-65.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394307&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100057&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">58. Nayini NR, Markakis P. Phytases. En: 'Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications. E. Graf. (Ed). Pilatus Press: Minneapolis 1986; pp. 23-42.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394308&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100058&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">59. Schroder B, Breves G, Rodehutscord M. Mechanisms of intestinal phosphorus absorption and availability of dietary phosphorus in pigs. DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochensc 1996; 103: 209-14.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394309&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100059&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">60. Ferguson EL, Gibson RS, Thompson LU, Ounpuu S, Berry M. Phytase, zinc, and colon content of 30 East African foods and their calculated phytate: Zn, Ca: phytate and [Ca] [phytate ]/[Zn] molar ratios. J Food Comp Anal 1988; 1: 316- 25.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394310&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100060&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">61. Reddy NR, Pierson MD, Salunkhe DK. Legumes-Based Fermented Foods. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1982; 17: 335-370.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394311&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100061&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">62. Khokhar S, Pushpanjali, Fenwick GR. Phytate content of indian foods and intakes by vegetarian indians of Hisar region, Haryana State. J Agric Food Chem 1994; 42: 2440-444.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394312&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100062&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">63. Rasco BA, Gazzaz SS, Dong DD. Iron, calcium, zinc, and phytic acid content of yeast-raised breads containing distillers grains and other fiber ingredients. J Food Comp Anal 1990; 3: 88-95.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394313&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100063&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">64. Gupta M, Khetarpaul N. Effect of rabadi fermentation of phytic acid and <I>in vitro </I>digestibility of barley. Die Nahrung 1993; 37: 141-46.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394314&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100064&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">65. Lee D, Schoroeder J, Gordon DT. Enhacement of copper bioavailability in the rat by phytic acid. J Nutr 1988; 118: 712-17.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394315&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100065&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">66. Atwal A, Eskin N, McDonald B, Vaisey-Genser M. The effects of phytase on nitrogen utilization and zinc metabolism in young rats. Nutr. Rep Int 1980; 21: 257-67.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394316&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100066&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">67. Chitra V, Vimala V, Singh V, Geervani P. Variability in phytic acid content and protein digestibility of grain legumes. Plant Foods Human Nutr 1995; 47: 163-72.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394317&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100067&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">68. Knuckles BE, Kuzmicky DD, Gumbman MR, Betschart AA. Effect of myoinositol phosphate esters and <I>in vivo </I>digestibility of proteins. J Food Sci 1989; 54: 1348-50.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394318&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100068&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">69. Kumar A, Chauhan BM. Effects of phytic acid on protein digestibillity <I>(in vitro) </I>and HCI-extractibility of minerals in pearl millet sprouts. Cereal Chem 1993; 70: 504-05.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394319&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100069&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">70. Barampama Z, Simard R E. Nutrient composition, protein quality and antinutritional factors of some varieties of dry bean <I>(Phaseolus vulgaris) </I>grown in Burundi. Food Chem 1993; , 47: 159-67.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394320&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100070&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">71. Reddy NR., Balakrishnan CV, Salunkhe DK. Phytate phosphorus and mineral changes during germination and cooking of blackgram <I>(Phaseolus mungo </I>L.) seeds. J Food Sci 1978; 43: 540-42.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394321&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100071&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">72. Sharma A, Khetarpaul N. Fermentation of rice-bengal gram dhal blends with whey: changes in phytic acid content and <I>in vitro </I>digestibility of starch and protein. Nahrung 1995; 39: 282-87.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394322&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100072&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">73. Thompson LU, Serraino M. Effect of phytic acid reduction on rapeseed protein digestibility and aminoacid absorption. J Agric Food Chem 1986; 34: 468-69.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394323&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100073&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">74. Anderson P A. Interactions between proteins and constituents that affect protein quality. En: Digestibillity and Aminoacids Availability in Cereals and Oilseeds. J.W<I>. </I>Finley and D.T. Hopkins (Eds.). Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem., Sto Paul. 1985 p. 31</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394324&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100074&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">75. Serraino MR, Thompson LU, Savoie L, Parent G. Effect of phytic acid on the in <I>vitro </I>rate of digestibility of rapeseed protein and amino acids. J<I> </I>Food Sci 1985; 50: 1689-692.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394325&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100075&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">76. Siddhuraju P, Vijayakumari K, Janardhanan K. Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of an under exploited legume, <I>Acacia nilotica </I>(L) Del. Food Chem 1996; 3: 385-91.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394326&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100076&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">77. Thompson LU. Antinutrients and blood glucose. Food Technol 1988; 42: 123-32.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394327&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100077&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">78. Deshpande SS, Cheryan M. Effects of phytic acid, divalent cations and their interactions on a -amilase activity. J<I> </I>Food Sci 1984; 49: 516-19.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394328&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100078&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">79. Churella HR, Vivian VM. Effect of phytic acid level in soy protein based formulas on mineral availability in rat. J Agric Food Chem 1989; 37: 1352-357.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394329&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100079&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">80. Rimbach G. Pallauf J.<I> </I>Effect of dietary phytate on magnesium bioavailability and liver oxidant status in growing rats. Food Chem Toxicol 1999; 37: 37-45.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394330&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100080&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">81. Graf E, Eaton JW. Suppression of colonic c&aacute;ncer by dietary phytic acid. Nutr C&aacute;ncer 1993; 19: 1 1 - 19.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394331&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100081&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">82. Jovani M, Alegria A, Barbera R, Farre R, Lagarda MJ, Clemente G. Effects of protein, phytates, ascorbic acid and citric acid on dialysability of calcium, iron, zinc and copper in soy-based infant formulas. Nahrung 2000<I>; </I>44: I 14-1 17.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394332&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100082&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">83. Skoglund E, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS. Determination of isomers of inositol mono- to hexaphosphates in seleted foods and intestinal contents using high-performance ion chromatography. <I>J </I>Agric Food Chem 1997; 45: 431-36.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394333&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100083&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">84. Skoglund E, Larsen T, Sandberg AS. Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs. Can <I>J </I>Animal Sci 1997; 77: 471-77.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394334&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100084&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">85. Fordyce EJ, Forbes RM, Robbins KR, Erdman JWJr. Phytate x calcium/zinc molar ratios: are they predictive of zinc bioavailability? <I>J </I>Food Sci 1987; 52: 440-44.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394335&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100085&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">86. Plaami S. Myoinositol phosphates: analysis, content in foods and effects in nutrition. Lebensm Wiss u Technol 1997; 30: 633-647.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394336&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100086&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">87. Morris ER. Phytate and dietary mineral availability. En: Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications. E. Graf. (Ed). Pilatus Press: Minneapolis 1986; pp. 57-76.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394337&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100087&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">88. Knox T, Kassarjiian Z, Dawson-Hughes B. Calcium absorption in elderly subjects on high and low fiber diets: effects of gastric acidity.AmJClinNutr 1991;53: 1480-486.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394338&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100088&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">89. Heany RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmoons ML. Soybean phytate content: effect on calcium absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 745-47.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394339&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100089&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">90. Lonnerdal B, Sandberg AS, Sandstorm B, Kunz C. Inhibitory effects of phytic acid and others inositol phosphates on zinc and calcium absorption in suckling rats. J<I> </I>Nutr1989; 119: 211- 14.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394340&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100090&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">91. Miyaznwa E, Yoshida T. Effects of dietary levels of phytate and inorganic phosphates on phytate breakdown and absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats. Nutr Res 1991; 11: 797-806.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394341&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100091&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">92. Ranhotra GS, Gelroth JA, Torrence FA, Bock MA, Winterringer GL. Bread (white and whole wheat) and not fat dry milk as sources of bioavailable calcium for rats. J Nutr 1981; 111: 2081-86.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394342&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100092&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">93. Mason AC, Weaver CM, Kimmel S, Brown RK. Effects of soybean phytate content on calcium bioavailability in mature and immature rats. J Agric Food Chem 1993; 41: 246-49.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394343&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100093&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">94. Poneros AG, Erdman JW. Bioavailability of calcium from sesame seeds, almond powder, whole wheat bread, spinach and non-fat dry milk in rats. J Food Sci1989; 54: 150-53.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394344&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100094&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">95. Gifford-Steffen S R, Clydesdale FM. Effect of varying concentrations of phytate, calcium, and zinc on the solubilty of protein, calcium, zinc, and phytate in soy protein concentrate. J Food Protect 1993; 56: 42-46.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394345&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100095&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">96. Pallauf J, Rimbach G. Nutritional significance of phytic acid and phytase. Arch Tierernahr 1997; 50: 301-19</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394346&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100096&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">97. Brune M, Rossander L, Gleerup A, Sandberg A S. Iron absorption from bread in humans: inhibiting effects of cereal fiber, phytate and inositol phosphates with different numbers of phosphate groups. J Nutr 1992; 122: 442-29.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394347&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100097&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">98. Cook JD, Reddy MB, Burri J, Juillerat M. Hurrell RF. The influence of different cereal grains on iron absorption from infant cereal foods. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 964-9.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394348&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100098&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">99. Tuntawiroon M, Sritonggkul N, Rossander HL, Pleehachinda R, Suwanik R, Brune R, Hallberg L. Rice and iron absorption in man. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990; 44: 489-97.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394349&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100099&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">100. Simpson KM, Morris ER, Cook JD. The inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man. Am. J Clinical Nutr 1981; 34: 1469-478.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394350&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100100&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">101. Davidsson L, Gal&aacute;n P, Kastenmayer P, Cherouvrier F, Juillerta M, Hercberg S, Hurrell RF. Iron bioavailability studied in infants: the influence of phytic acid and ascorbic acid in infant formulas based on soy isolate. Pediatric Res 1994; 6: 816-22.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394351&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100101&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">102. Siegenberg D, Baynes RD, Bothwell TH, Mcfarlane BJ. Lamparelli RD. Car NG, Macphail P, Schmidt U, Tal A, Mayet F. Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme-iron absorption. Am. J Clinical Nutr 1991; 53: 537-41.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394352&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100102&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">103. Zhou J, Fordyce EJ, Raboy DB, Dickinson M, Wong M, Burns RA, Erdman Jr. Reduction of phytic acid in soys products improves zinc bioavailability in rats. J Nutr 1992; 122: 2466- 473.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394353&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100103&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">104. Lonnerdal B. Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption. J. Nutr 2000; 130: 1378S-83S.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394354&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100104&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">105. An&oacute;nimo. Dieta alimentaria espa&ntilde;ola. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci&oacute;n, M.A.P.A., Secretaria General T&eacute;cnica, Madrid 1991; cap. 6: pp. 257-59.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394355&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100105&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">106. Fitzgerald S L. Gibson RS, Quan de Serrano J, Portocarrero L, Vasquez A, de Zepeda E, Lopez-Palacios C Y, Thompson LU, Stephen AM, Solomons NW. Trace element intakes and dietary phytate/Zn and Ca x phytate/Zn millimolar ratios of periurban guatemalan women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57: 195-201.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394356&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100106&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">107. Lo GS, Settle SL, Steinke FH, Hopkins DT. Effect phytate: zinc molar ratio and isolated soybean protein on zinc bioavailability. J Nutr 1981; 111: 2223-235.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394357&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100107&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">108. Morris ER, Ellis R. Effect of dietary phytate/zinc molar ratio on growth and bone zinc response of rat red semipurified diets. J Nutr 1980; 110: 1037-47.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394358&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100108&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">109. Wise A. Influence of calcium on trace metal-phytate interactions. En: Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications. E. Graf. (Ed). Pilat.us Press: Minneapolis 1986; p. 151.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394359&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100109&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">110. Davies NT, Carswell AJP, Mills CF. The effects on variation in dietary calcium intake on the phytate-zinc interactions in rats. En: Trace Elements in Man and Animals. C. F. Mills, I. Bremner and J. K. Chesters (Eds). Aberdeen, Scotland 1985; p.456.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394360&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100110&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">111. Platt SR, Clydesdale FM. Binding of iron by cellulose, lignin. sodium phytate and (b -glucan, alone and in combination, under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions. J Food Sci 1984; 49: 531-35.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394361&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100111&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">112. Torre M. Rodriguez AR, Saura-Calixto F. Effects of dietary fiber and phytic acid on mineral availability. CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1991; 1: 1-22.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394362&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100112&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">113. Mendoza C, Viteri FE, Lonnerdal B, Young KA, Raboy V, Brown KH. Effect of genetically-modified, low-phytic acid maize on absorption of iron from tortillas. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68: 1123-127.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394363&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100113&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">114. Vucenik I, Kalebic T, Tantivejkul K, Shamsuddin AM. Novel anticancer function of inositol hexaphosphate - inhibition of human rhahdomyosarcoma <I>in-vitro </I>and <I>in-vivo. </I>Anticancer Res 1998; 18: 1377-84.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394364&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100114&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">115. Jariwalla RJ, Sabin R, Lawson S, Herman ZS. Lowering of serum cholesterol and tryglicerides and modulation of divalent cation hy dietery phytase. J Appl Nutr 1990; 42: 18-28.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394365&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100115&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">116. Slavin J, Jacobs D. Marquart L. Whole grain consumption and chronic disease protective mechanisms. J Nutr C&aacute;ncer 1997;1:14-21.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394366&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100116&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">117. Jariwalla RJ. lnositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an antineoplastic and lipid-lowering agent. Anticancer Res. 1999; 19: 3699-702.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394367&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100117&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">118. Wolever TMS. The glycemic index. Wld Rev Nutr Diet 1990; 62: 120-25.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394368&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100118&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">119. Ferguson LR, Harris PJ. Protection against c&aacute;ncer by wheat. bran: role of dietary fibre and phytochemicals. Eur J C&aacute;ncer Prev 1999; 8: 17-25.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394369&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100119&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">120. Jenab M, Thompson LU. The influence of phytic acid in wheat bran on early biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis. Carcinogen 1998; 19: 1087-92.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394370&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100120&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">121. Nielsen BK, Thompson LU, Bird RP. Effect of phytic acid on colonic epithelial cell proliferation. C&aacute;ncer Lett 1987; 37: 317-25.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394371&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100121&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">122. Newmark HL, Lupton IR. Determinants and consequences of colonic pH: implications for colon c&aacute;ncer. Nutr C&aacute;ncer i 1990; 14: 161-73.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394372&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100122&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">123. Phillippy BQ, Graf E. Antioxidant functions of inositol l.2.3- trisphosphate and inositol l ,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate. Free Rad Biol Med 1997; 6: 939-46.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394373&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100123&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">124. Shamsuddin AM. Metabolism and cellular functions of IP6: a review. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 3733-6.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394374&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100124&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">125. Shamsuddin AM, Vucenik I. Mammary tumor inhibition by IP6: a review. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 3671-4.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394375&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100125&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">126. Shamsuddin AM, Vucenik I. Cole KE IP6; a novel anti-cancer agent. Life Sci 1997; 61: 343-54.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394376&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100126&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">127. Shamsuddin AM, Yang GY, Vucenik IN. Anticancer functions of Ips:growth-inhibition and differentation of human mammary-cancer cell-lines in <I>vitro. </I>Anticancer Res 1996; 6A:3287-292.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394377&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100127&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">128. Horose M, Ozaki K, Takaba K, Fukushima S, Shirai T, Ito N. Modifying effects of<I> </I>the naturally occurring antioxidants gamma oryzanol, phytic acid, tannic acid and n-triacontan- 16, 18-dione in rat wide spectrum organ carcinogenesis model. Carcinogen 1991; 12: 1917-921.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394378&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100128&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">129. Modlin M. Urinary phosphorylated inositols and renal stones. Lancet 1980; 2: 1113-114.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394379&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100129&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">130. Grases F, y Costa-Bauza A. Phytate (IP6) is a powerful agent for preventing calcifications in biological. fluids: usefulness in renal lithiasis treatment. Anticancer Res 1999; 19: 3717- 22.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394380&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100130&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">131. Thompson DB, Erdman JJrW. Phytic acid determination in soybeans. J Food Sci 1982; 47: 513-17.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394381&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100131&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">132. Graf E, Dintzis RF. Determination of<I> </I>phytic acid in foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Agric Food Chem 1982; 30: 1094-97.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394382&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100132&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">133. Gustafsson EL, Sandberg AS. Phytate reduction in brown beans <I>(Phaseolus vulgaris </I>L.). J Food Sci 1995: 60: 149-56.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394383&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100133&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">134. Harland BF, Oberleas D. A modified method for phytate analysis using an ion-exchange procedure: application to textured vegetable proteins. Cereal Chem 1977; 54: 827-32.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394384&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100134&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">135. Kaur D, Kapoor AC. Some antinutritional factors in rice bean <I>(Vigna umbellata): </I>effects of domestic processing and cooking methods. Food Chem 1990; 37: 171-79.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394385&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100135&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">136. Latta M, Eskin M. A simple and rapid colorimetric method for phytate determination. J Agric Food Chem 1980; 28: 1313- 315.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394386&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100136&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">137. Mazzola EP, Phyllippy BQ, Harland BF, Miller TH, Potemra JM, Katsimpiris EW. Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic determination of phytate in foods. J Agric Food Chem 1986; 34: 60-62.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394387&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100137&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">138. Phillippy BQ, Johnston MR. Determination of<I> </I>phytic acid in foods by ion chromatography with post-colum derivatization. J Food Sci 1985; 50: 541-42.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394388&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100138&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">139. Camire AL, Clydesdale FM. Analysis of<I> </I>phytic acid in foods by HPLC. J Food Sci 1982; 47: 575-78.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394389&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100139&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">140. Ers&ouml;z A, Akg&uuml;n H, Aras NK. Determination of phytate in turkish diet by Phosphorus-31 Fourier transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem 1990; 38: 733-35.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394390&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100140&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">141. Wheeler E, Ferrel RE. A method for phytic acid determination in wheat and wheat fractions. Cereal Chem 1971; 48: 312-20.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394391&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100141&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">142. Zemel MB, Shelef LA. Phytic acid hidrolysis and soluble zinc and iron in whole wheat bread as affected by calcium containing additives. J Food Sci 1982; 47: 535-37.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394392&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100142&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">143. Chang R, Schwimmer S, Burr, HK. Phytate: removal from whole dry beans by enzimatic hydroysis and diffusion. J Food r Sci 1977; 42: 1098-101.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394393&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100143&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">144. Heubner W, Stadler H. Uber eine tritationsmetthode zur bestimmung des phytins. Biochem Zeitschrift 1914: 64: 422- 37.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394394&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100144&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">145. Tangkongchitr U, Seib PA, Hoseney R.C. Phytic acid I. Determination of<I> </I>3 forms of phosphorus in flour, dough and bread. Cereal Chem 1981; 58: 229-34.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394395&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100145&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">146. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. Vols. 1 and 2. W. Horwitz (Ed.). AOAC International, Washington, D.C 1990.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394396&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100146&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">147. Plaami S, Kumpulainen J. Determination of phytic acid in cereal s using ICP-AES to determine phosphorus. J AOAC 1991; 74; 32-36.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394397&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100147&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">148. Phillippy BQ, Johnston MR, Tao SH, Fox MRS. Inositol phosphates in processeed foods. J Food Sci 1988; 53: 496-99.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394398&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100148&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">149. Lehrfeld J, Morris ER. Overestimation of phytic acid in foods by the AOAC anion-exchange method. J Agric Food Chem 1992; 40: 2208-210.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394399&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100149&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">150. Wise A, Lockie GM, Liddell J. Dietary intakes of phytate and its meal distribution pattern amongs staff and students in a institution of higher education. British J Nutr 1987; 58: 337- 46.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394400&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100150&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">151. Xu P, Price J, Aggett PJ. Recent advances in methodology for analysis of phytate and inositol phosphates in foods. Progr Food Nutr Sci 1992; 16; 245-62.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394401&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100151&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">152. Lee K, Abendroch JA. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of phytic acid in foods. J Food Sci 1983; 48; 1344-351.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394402&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100152&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">153. Burbano C, Muzquiz, M, Osagie A, Ayet O, Cuadrado C. Determination of phytate and lower inositol phosphates in spanish legumes by HPLC methodology. J Food Chem 1995; 52: 321-25.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394403&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100153&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">154. Larsson M, Sandberg AS. Malting of oats in a pilot-plant process. Effects of heat treatment, storage and soaking conditions on phytate reduction. J Cereal Sci 1995; 21: 87- 95.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394404&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100154&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">155. Talamond p, Doulbeau S, Rochette I, Guyot JP Anion- exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with conductivity detection for the analysis of phytic acid in fobd. J Chromatogr A 2000; 871:7-12.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394405&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100155&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">156. Fitchett AW, Woodruff A. Determinations of polyvalent anions by ion chromatography. Liq Chromatogr HPLC Mag 1983; 1: 48.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394406&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100156&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">157. Skoglund E, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS. High-performance chromatographic separation of inositol phosphate isomers on strong anion exchange columns. J Agric Food Chem 1998; 46: 1877-82.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394407&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100157&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">158. Skoglund E, Nasi M, Sandberg AS. Phytate hydrolysis in pigs red a barley-rapeseed meal diet treated with <I>Aspergillus niger </I>phytase or steeped with whey. Can J Animal Sci 1998; 78: 175-80.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394408&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100158&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">159. O'Neill IK, Sargent M, Trimble ML. Determination of phythate in foods by phosphorus-31-transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1980; 52: 1288-291.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394409&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100159&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">160. March JG, Simonet BM, Grases F. Fluorimetric determination of phytic acid based on the activation of the oxidation of 2,2'- dipyridyl ketone hydrazone catalysed by Cu (II). Analyst 1999; 124: 897-900.</font> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=394410&pid=S0004-0622200200030000100160&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body>
<back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Triana- Tejas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Soluble and insoluble Fe, Zn. Ca and phytates in foods commonly consumed in Northern Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>2204-209</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWJr]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid in health and disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[C.R.C Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>495-508</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petterson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blakeney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choct]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Methods for the analysis of premium livestock grains]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian J Agric Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>775-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segueilha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galkzy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reduction of phytate content in wheat bran and glandless cotton fIour by Schwanniomyces castellii]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>2451-454</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Power]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Headon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Enzymes in the animal- feed industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends Food Sci Technol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>81-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sugiura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raboy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Availability of phosphorus and trace-elements in low-phytate varieties of barley and corn for rainbow-trout (Oncorhynchus mykis.l)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aquaculture]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>170</volume>
<page-range>285-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bindu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somashekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A comparative-study on permeabilization treatments for in-situ determination of phytase of Rhodotorula gracilis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Letters in Applied Microbiology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>336-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Implications of antinutritional components in soybean foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>31-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabekhia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of germination, cooking and canned on phosphorus and phytate retention in dry beans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>406-08</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szkudelski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid-its influence on organism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anim Feed Sci]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>427-438</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Snider]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liebman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Calcium additives and sproutted wheat effects on phytate hydrolysis in whole wheat bread]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>118-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberleas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate in foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wld Rev Nutr Diet]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>235-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Eftect of processing on the phytic acid content of bengal grams (Cicer arietinum) products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>1274-276</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Centeno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viveros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Cuadra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of several germination condition on total P. phytate P, phytase, and acid phosphatase activities and inositol phosphate esters in rye and barley]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>3208-215</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Contribution to the chemistry of phytin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>1914</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>171</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid interactions in food systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[C.R.C. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>297-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberleas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anion exchange method for determination of phytate in foods: a collaborative study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AOAC]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>667- 70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reduction of phytic acid concentration in protein isolates by acylation techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AOCS]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>1712-717</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Improvement of citric-acid production by Aspergillus niger with addition of phytate to beet molasses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioresource Technol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>243-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kigel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seed Development and Germination]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>215</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Marcel Dekker]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frossard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mächler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mozafar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Potential for increasing the content and bioavailability of Fe, Zn, and Ca in plants for human nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>861-879</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhatty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slinkard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Relationship between phytic acid and cooking quality in lentil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can Inst Food Sci Technol. J]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<page-range>137-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mizobuchifukuoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Temporal and spatial patterns of accumulation of the transcript of myo-inositol-l-phosphate synthase and phytin- containing particles during seed development in rice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Physiol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>65-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phythate content in taiwanese diet determined by 31p Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>1030-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McWeeny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of phytate on mineral bioavailability: In vitro studies on Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd. Solubilities in presence of phytate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>79-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshpande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Damodaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of phytate on solubilty, activity and conformation of trypsin and chymotrypsin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>695-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Removal of phytic acid from soybean and cottonseed meals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>1181-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahajan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Improvement of functional prorperties of rapeseed (Brassica campes tris var. Toria) preparations by chemical modifications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>706-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Potential health benefits and problems associated with antinutrients in foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Res Int]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>131-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méjean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of germination on chemical composition, biochemical constituents and antinutritional factors of soya bean (Glycine max) seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytase of navy beans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>1094-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antioxidant functions of phytic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Free Rad Biol Med]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>61-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravindran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ravindran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivalogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Total and phytate phosphoprus contents of various foods and feedstuffs of plant origino]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>133-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lathia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparative study of phytic acid content, in vitro protein digestibility and arnino acid composition of different types of flat breads]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>353- 64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Payumo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguinaldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antinutritional factors in weaning foods prepared from germinated cereals and legumes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lebensm Wiss u Technol]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>177~81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salunkhe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Interactions between phytate, protein, and minerals in whey fractions of black gramo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>564-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>13-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnovale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lugaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lombardi-Boccia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid in faba bean and pea: effect on protein availability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cereal Chem]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>114-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffiths]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The phytate content and iron-binding capacity of various field bean (Vicia faba) preparations and extracts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>847-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beleia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thu Thao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[El]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Lowering phytic phosphorus by hidration of soybean]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>375-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Total and phytate phosphorous content in so me food ingredient derived from grains]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Rep Int]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>277-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Adaptations to environmental stresses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Cel1]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1099-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biswas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Subcellular biochemistry: myo-inositol phosphates, phosphoinositides, and signal transduction]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<page-range>257-285</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plenum Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Locwus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inositol metabolism in plants]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>55- 76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley-Liss]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlemmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KLD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The degradation of phytic acid in legumes prepared by different methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>207-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Alkaline phytase activity in nonionic detergent extracts of legume seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Physiol]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>1298-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.P.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Control of Plant Gene Expression]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boca Raton^eFL FL]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Empson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid: a natural antioxidant]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>262</volume>
<page-range>11647-650</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bomhouser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michalowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bohnert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Coordinate transcriptional induction of myo-inositol metabolism during environmental stress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant ! J]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>537-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oomah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kenaschuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid content of flaxseed as influenced by cultivar, growing-season, and location]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>2663-666</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raboy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid levels in seeds of Glycine max and G. soja as influenced by phosphorus status]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Sci]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>1300-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raboy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Variation in seed total phosphorus, phytic acid, zinc, magnesium, and protein among lines of Glycine max and G. soja]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crop Sci]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>431-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Femandez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidalvalverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ca and P bioavailability of processed lentils as affected by dietary fiber and phytic acid content]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>49-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Phytate in Cereal s and Legumes]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<page-range>26-36</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[^eFlorida Florida]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<label>55</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrasiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nicolas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méjean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="fr"><![CDATA[Effect de la germination sur la composition et la valeur nutritive de graines de saja chez le rat]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci des Aliments]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>688-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<label>56</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandrasiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villaume]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giannangeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méjean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of germinated and heated soybean meals on plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Reproduction Nutrition Development]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>611-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<label>57</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laflamme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duvnjak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Production of phytase by Aspergillus ficcum and reduction of phytic acid content in canola meal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agric]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>355-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA['Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>23-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minneapolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pilatus Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<label>59</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schroder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodehutscord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mechanisms of intestinal phosphorus absorption and availability of dietary phosphorus in pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DTW Dtsch Tierarztl Wochensc]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>209-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<label>60</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ounpuu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytase, zinc, and colon content of 30 East African foods and their calculated phytate: Zn, Ca: phytate and [Ca] [phytate ]/[Zn] molar ratios]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Comp Anal]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>316- 25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<label>61</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salunkhe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Legumes-Based Fermented Foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>335-370</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<label>62</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khokhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pushpanjali]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate content of indian foods and intakes by vegetarian indians of Hisar region, Haryana State]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>2440-444</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<label>63</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gazzaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Iron, calcium, zinc, and phytic acid content of yeast-raised breads containing distillers grains and other fiber ingredients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Comp Anal]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>88-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<label>64</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khetarpaul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of rabadi fermentation of phytic acid and in vitro digestibility of barley]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Die Nahrung]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>141-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<label>65</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoroeder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Enhacement of copper bioavailability in the rat by phytic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>118</volume>
<page-range>712-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<label>66</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atwal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaisey-Genser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The effects of phytase on nitrogen utilization and zinc metabolism in young rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr. Rep Int]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>257-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<label>67</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chitra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vimala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geervani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Variability in phytic acid content and protein digestibility of grain legumes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Foods Human Nutr]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>163-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<label>68</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knuckles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuzmicky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gumbman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betschart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of myoinositol phosphate esters and in vivo digestibility of proteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1348-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<label>69</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of phytic acid on protein digestibillity (in vitro) and HCI-extractibility of minerals in pearl millet sprouts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cereal Chem]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>504-05</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<label>70</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barampama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nutrient composition, protein quality and antinutritional factors of some varieties of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in Burundi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>159-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<label>71</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salunkhe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate phosphorus and mineral changes during germination and cooking of blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) seeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>540-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<label>72</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khetarpaul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fermentation of rice-bengal gram dhal blends with whey: changes in phytic acid content and in vitro digestibility of starch and protein]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nahrung]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>282-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<label>73</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serraino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of phytic acid reduction on rapeseed protein digestibility and aminoacid absorption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>468-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B74">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Digestibillity and Aminoacids Availability in Cereals and Oilseeds]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sto Paul ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B75">
<label>75</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serraino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savoie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of phytic acid on the in vitro rate of digestibility of rapeseed protein and amino acids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1689-692</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B76">
<label>76</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddhuraju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vijayakumari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janardhanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of an under exploited legume, Acacia nilotica (L) Del]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>385-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B77">
<label>77</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antinutrients and blood glucose]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Technol]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>123-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B78">
<label>78</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshpande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheryan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of phytic acid, divalent cations and their interactions on a -amilase activity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>516-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B79">
<label>79</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Churella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of phytic acid level in soy protein based formulas on mineral availability in rat]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>1352-357</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B80">
<label>80</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallauf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of dietary phytate on magnesium bioavailability and liver oxidant status in growing rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem Toxicol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>37-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B81">
<label>81</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Suppression of colonic cáncer by dietary phytic acid]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Cáncer]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>1 1 - 19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B82">
<label>82</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alegria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagarda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of protein, phytates, ascorbic acid and citric acid on dialysability of calcium, iron, zinc and copper in soy-based infant formulas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nahrung]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>I</numero>
<issue>I</issue>
<page-range>14-1 17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B83">
<label>83</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of isomers of inositol mono- to hexaphosphates in seleted foods and intestinal contents using high-performance ion chromatography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>431-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B84">
<label>84</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Animal Sci]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<page-range>471-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B85">
<label>85</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fordyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forbes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robbins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JWJr]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate x calcium/zinc molar ratios: are they predictive of zinc bioavailability?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>440-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B86">
<label>86</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Myoinositol phosphates: analysis, content in foods and effects in nutrition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lebensm Wiss u Technol]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>633-647</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B87">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>57-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minneapolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pilatus Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B88">
<label>88</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kassarjiian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawson-Hughes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Calcium absorption in elderly subjects on high and low fiber diets: effects of gastric acidity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AmJClinNutr]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>1480-486</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B89">
<label>89</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzsimmoons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Soybean phytate content: effect on calcium absorption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>745-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B90">
<label>90</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lonnerdal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandstorm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kunz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Inhibitory effects of phytic acid and others inositol phosphates on zinc and calcium absorption in suckling rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>211- 14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B91">
<label>91</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyaznwa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of dietary levels of phytate and inorganic phosphates on phytate breakdown and absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Res]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>797-806</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B92">
<label>92</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranhotra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelroth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winterringer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bread (white and whole wheat) and not fat dry milk as sources of bioavailable calcium for rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<page-range>2081-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B93">
<label>93</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kimmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of soybean phytate content on calcium bioavailability in mature and immature rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>246-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B94">
<label>94</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poneros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bioavailability of calcium from sesame seeds, almond powder, whole wheat bread, spinach and non-fat dry milk in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>150-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B95">
<label>95</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gifford-Steffen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clydesdale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of varying concentrations of phytate, calcium, and zinc on the solubilty of protein, calcium, zinc, and phytate in soy protein concentrate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Protect]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<page-range>42-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B96">
<label>96</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallauf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rimbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nutritional significance of phytic acid and phytase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Tierernahr]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>301-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B97">
<label>97</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gleerup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Iron absorption from bread in humans: inhibiting effects of cereal fiber, phytate and inositol phosphates with different numbers of phosphate groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>442-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B98">
<label>98</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juillerat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The influence of different cereal grains on iron absorption from infant cereal foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>964-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B99">
<label>99</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuntawiroon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sritonggkul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pleehachinda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suwanik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Rice and iron absorption in man]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>489-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B100">
<label>100</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simpson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The inhibitory effect of bran on iron absorption in man]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J Clinical Nutr]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>1469-478</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B101">
<label>101</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davidsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kastenmayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cherouvrier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juillerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hercberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Iron bioavailability studied in infants: the influence of phytic acid and ascorbic acid in infant formulas based on soy isolate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatric Res]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>816-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B102">
<label>102</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bothwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mcfarlane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamparelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Car]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macphail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ascorbic acid prevents the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of polyphenols and phytates on nonheme-iron absorption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am. J Clinical Nutr]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>537-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B103">
<label>103</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fordyce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raboy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jr]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reduction of phytic acid in soys products improves zinc bioavailability in rats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>2466- 473</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B104">
<label>104</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lonnerdal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Nutr]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<page-range>1378S-83S</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B105">
<label>105</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
</name>
<name>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dieta alimentaria española]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<page-range>257-59</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, M.A.P.ASecretaria General Técnica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B106">
<label>106</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quan de Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portocarrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez-Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Trace element intakes and dietary phytate/Zn and Ca x phytate/Zn millimolar ratios of periurban guatemalan women during the third trimester of pregnancy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>195-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B107">
<label>107</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Settle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hopkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect phytate: zinc molar ratio and isolated soybean protein on zinc bioavailability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<page-range>2223-235</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B108">
<label>108</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of dietary phytate/zinc molar ratio on growth and bone zinc response of rat red semipurified diets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<page-range>1037-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B109">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phytic Acid: Chemistry and Applications]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<page-range>151</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minneapolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pilat.us Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B110">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bremner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chesters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Trace Elements in Man and Animals]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<page-range>456</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Aberdeen]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B111">
<label>111</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Platt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clydesdale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Binding of iron by cellulose, lignin. sodium phytate and (b -glucan, alone and in combination, under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>531-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B112">
<label>112</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saura-Calixto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of dietary fiber and phytic acid on mineral availability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>1-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B113">
<label>113</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viteri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lonnerdal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raboy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of genetically-modified, low-phytic acid maize on absorption of iron from tortillas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1123-127</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B114">
<label>114</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vucenik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalebic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tantivejkul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamsuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Novel anticancer function of inositol hexaphosphate - inhibition of human rhahdomyosarcoma in-vitro and in-vivo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>1377-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B115">
<label>115</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jariwalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Lowering of serum cholesterol and tryglicerides and modulation of divalent cation hy dietery phytase]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Nutr]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>18-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B116">
<label>116</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slavin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Whole grain consumption and chronic disease protective mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Cáncer]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>14-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B117">
<label>117</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jariwalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[lnositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an antineoplastic and lipid-lowering agent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>3699-702</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B118">
<label>118</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TMS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The glycemic index]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wld Rev Nutr Diet]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>120-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B119">
<label>119</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Protection against cáncer by wheat. bran: role of dietary fibre and phytochemicals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cáncer Prev]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>17-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B120">
<label>120</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The influence of phytic acid in wheat bran on early biomarkers of colon carcinogenesis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carcinogen]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>1087-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B121">
<label>121</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nielsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bird]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of phytic acid on colonic epithelial cell proliferation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cáncer Lett]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>317-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B122">
<label>122</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newmark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lupton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determinants and consequences of colonic pH: implications for colon cáncer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Cáncer i]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>161-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B123">
<label>123</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillippy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antioxidant functions of inositol l.2.3- trisphosphate and inositol l ,2,3,6-tetrakisphosphate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Free Rad Biol Med]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>939-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B124">
<label>124</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamsuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Metabolism and cellular functions of IP6: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>3733-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B125">
<label>125</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamsuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vucenik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mammary tumor inhibition by IP6: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>3671-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B126">
<label>126</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamsuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vucenik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cole KE IP6: a novel anti-cancer agent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Life Sci]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>343-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B127">
<label>127</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shamsuddin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vucenik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anticancer functions of Ips:growth-inhibition and differentation of human mammary-cancer cell-lines in vitro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>6A</volume>
<page-range>3287-292</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B128">
<label>128</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukushima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Modifying effects of the naturally occurring antioxidants gamma oryzanol, phytic acid, tannic acid and n-triacontan- 16, 18-dione in rat wide spectrum organ carcinogenesis model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Carcinogen]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>1917-921</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B129">
<label>129</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Modlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Urinary phosphorylated inositols and renal stones]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>1113-114</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B130">
<label>130</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grases]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa-Bauza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate (IP6) is a powerful agent for preventing calcifications in biological. fluids: usefulness in renal lithiasis treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anticancer Res]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>3717- 22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B131">
<label>131</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erdman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJrW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid determination in soybeans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>513-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B132">
<label>132</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dintzis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phytic acid in foods by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>1094-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B133">
<label>133</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gustafsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate reduction in brown beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>149-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B134">
<label>134</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oberleas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A modified method for phytate analysis using an ion-exchange procedure: application to textured vegetable proteins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cereal Chem]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>827-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B135">
<label>135</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Some antinutritional factors in rice bean (Vigna umbellata): effects of domestic processing and cooking methods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>171-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B136">
<label>136</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A simple and rapid colorimetric method for phytate determination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1313- 315</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B137">
<label>137</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phyllippy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potemra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katsimpiris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic determination of phytate in foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>60-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B138">
<label>138</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillippy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phytic acid in foods by ion chromatography with post-colum derivatization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>541-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B139">
<label>139</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clydesdale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of phytic acid in foods by HPLC]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>575-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B140">
<label>140</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ersöz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akgün]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phytate in turkish diet by Phosphorus-31 Fourier transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>733-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B141">
<label>141</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wheeler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A method for phytic acid determination in wheat and wheat fractions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cereal Chem]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>312-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B142">
<label>142</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid hidrolysis and soluble zinc and iron in whole wheat bread as affected by calcium containing additives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>535-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B143">
<label>143</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwimmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate: removal from whole dry beans by enzimatic hydroysis and diffusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food r Sci]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>1098-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B144">
<label>144</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heubner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stadler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="de"><![CDATA[Uber eine tritationsmetthode zur bestimmung des phytins]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochem Zeitschrift]]></source>
<year>1914</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>422- 37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B145">
<label>145</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangkongchitr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoseney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytic acid: I. Determination of 3 forms of phosphorus in flour, dough and bread]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cereal Chem]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>229-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B146">
<label>146</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horwitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<collab>AOAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Official Methods of Analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>1</volume><volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AOAC International]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B147">
<label>147</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plaami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumpulainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phytic acid in cereal s using ICP-AES to determine phosphorus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AOAC]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>32-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B148">
<label>148</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillippy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BQ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MRS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Inositol phosphates in processeed foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>496-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B149">
<label>149</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehrfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Overestimation of phytic acid in foods by the AOAC anion-exchange method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>2208-210</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B150">
<label>150</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lockie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liddell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dietary intakes of phytate and its meal distribution pattern amongs staff and students in a institution of higher education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[British J Nutr]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>337- 46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B151">
<label>151</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Price]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aggett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Recent advances in methodology for analysis of phytate and inositol phosphates in foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progr Food Nutr Sci]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>245-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B152">
<label>152</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abendroch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[High performance liquid chromatographic determination of phytic acid in foods]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Sci]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>1344-351</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B153">
<label>153</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muzquiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osagie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadrado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phytate and lower inositol phosphates in spanish legumes by HPLC methodology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>321-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B154">
<label>154</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Malting of oats in a pilot-plant process: Effects of heat treatment, storage and soaking conditions on phytate reduction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cereal Sci]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>87- 95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B155">
<label>155</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talamond]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doulbeau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rochette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guyot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anion- exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with conductivity detection for the analysis of phytic acid in fobd]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Chromatogr A]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>871</volume>
<page-range>7-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B156">
<label>156</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitchett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodruff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determinations of polyvalent anions by ion chromatography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Liq Chromatogr HPLC Mag]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B157">
<label>157</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[High-performance chromatographic separation of inositol phosphate isomers on strong anion exchange columns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Agric Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>1877-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B158">
<label>158</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skoglund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Phytate hydrolysis in pigs red a barley-rapeseed meal diet treated with Aspergillus niger phytase or steeped with whey]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Animal Sci]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>175-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B159">
<label>159</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sargent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trimble]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Determination of phythate in foods by phosphorus-31-transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anal Chem]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<page-range>1288-291</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B160">
<label>160</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[March]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simonet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grases]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fluorimetric determination of phytic acid based on the activation of the oxidation of 2,2'- dipyridyl ketone hydrazone catalysed by Cu (II)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Analyst]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>897-900</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
