<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0798-0469</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[RFM]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0798-0469</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Central de Venezuela. Facultad de Medicina. Comisión de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0798-04692004000100009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Alteraciones Bioquímicas en conejos alimentados con Aceite de Palma y Maíz y su Relación con los hallazgos morfológicos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scorza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,UCV Licenciada en Bioanalisis ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,UCV profesor Titular de la Facultad de Medicina Medico Cirujano]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,IVIC Centro de Biofisica y Bioquimica Servicio de Microscopia de Luz]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Medico Anatomopatologo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>46</fpage>
<lpage>53</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0798-04692004000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN. Se ha establecido una relación inversa entre el colesterol plasmático total y los ácidos grasos saturados en la dieta. Para investigar el efecto de dietas con diferentes cantidades de ácidos grasos sobre las lipoproteínas plasmáticas y su relación con modificaciones morfológicas en aorta, conejos fueron alimentados durante 4 meses con tres tipos de dietas: I- Conejarina® (control). II Conejarina® suplementada con aceite de palma (10%) con relación insaturados: saturados (I:S) 1:1, III Conejarina® suplementada con aceite de maíz relación I:S 6:1. A los 4 meses, los animales fueron exanguinados por punción cardiaca, la aorta extraída para estudio histológico. Los resultados mostraron que las dietas II y III elevaron significativamente el colesterol plasmático. La dieta III aumentó los triglicéridos (p<0,01) y la II aumentó la HDLc (p<0,05). En conclusión: los aceites de palma y maíz al 10% producen aumento del colesterol plasmático de igual magnitud pero con lesiones histológicas menos intensas en el grupo aceite de palma.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT: An inverse relationship has been settled down among the total plasmatic cholesterol and the fatty acids saturated in the diet. To investigate the effect of diets with different quantities of fatty acids on the plasmatic lipoproteins and their relationship with morphological modifications in aorta, rabbits were fed during 4 months with three types of diets: I Conejarina® (control). II Conejarina® supplemented with palm oil (10%) whose relationship unsaturated: saturated (I:S) fue1:1, III Conejarina® supplemented with corn oil and relationship I:S 6:1. At the 4 months, the animals were exanguinated for heart punction, the aorta extracted for histological studies. The results showed that the diets II and III elevated the plasmatic cholesterol significantly, the diet III increased the triglycerides and the II increased the HDLc. In conclusion: the palm and corn oils at 10% produce increase of the plasmatic cholesterol of same magnitude but histological lesions less intense in the group of palm oil.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aceite de palma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[aceite de maíz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lipoproteínas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lesión histológicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Palm oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corn oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lipoproteins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[histological lesions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[   <B>    <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">ALTERACIONES BIOQU&Iacute;MICAS EN CONEJOS ALIMENTADOS CON ACEITE DE PALMA Y MA&Iacute;Z Y SU RELACI&Oacute;N CON LOS HALLAZGOS MORFOL&Oacute;GICOS</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>MT Aster<sup>1</sup>, T Scorza², L Gallardo³ y N Hamana<sup>4</sup>.</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">¹ Licenciada en Bioan&aacute;lisis. UCV.- ²M&eacute;dico Cirujano, profesor Titular de la Facultad de Medicina. UCV. ³Servicio de Microscopia de Luz. Centro de Biof&iacute;sica y Bioqu&iacute;mica. IVIC.- 4 M&eacute;dico Anatomopat&oacute;logo.E-mail: martadta@yahoo.com</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RESUMEN:</font></B> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> Se ha establecido una relaci&oacute;n inversa entre el colesterol plasm&aacute;tico total y los &aacute;cidos grasos saturados en la dieta. Para investigar el efecto de dietas con diferentes cantidades de &aacute;cidos grasos sobre las lipoprote&iacute;nas plasm&aacute;ticas y su relaci&oacute;n con modificaciones morfol&oacute;gicas en aorta, conejos fueron alimentados durante 4 meses con tres tipos de dietas: I- Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> (control). II Conejarina<sup>&reg; </sup> suplementada con aceite de palma (10%) con relaci&oacute;n insaturados: saturados (I:S) 1:1, III Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> suplementada con aceite de ma&iacute;z relaci&oacute;n I:S 6:1. A los 4 meses, los animales fueron exanguinados por punci&oacute;n cardiaca, la aorta extra&iacute;da para estudio histol&oacute;gico. Los resultados mostraron que las dietas II y III elevaron significativamente el colesterol plasm&aacute;tico. La dieta III aument&oacute; los triglic&eacute;ridos (p&lt;0,01) y la II aument&oacute; la HDLc (p&lt;0,05). En conclusi&oacute;n: los aceites de palma y ma&iacute;z al 10% producen aumento del colesterol plasm&aacute;tico de igual magnitud pero con lesiones histol&oacute;gicas menos intensas en el grupo aceite de palma.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palabras clave: </font> </B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Aceite de palma, aceite de ma&iacute;z, lipoprote&iacute;nas, lesi&oacute;n histol&oacute;gicas.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ABSTRACT:</font></B> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> An inverse relationship has been settled down among the total plasmatic cholesterol and the fatty acids saturated in the diet. To investigate the effect of diets with different quantities of fatty acids on the plasmatic lipoproteins and their relationship with morphological modifications in aorta, rabbits were fed during 4 months with three types of diets: I Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> (control). II Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> supplemented with palm oil (10%) whose relationship unsaturated: saturated (I:S) fue1:1, III Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> supplemented with corn oil and relationship I:S 6:1. At the 4 months, the animals were exanguinated for heart punction, the aorta extracted for histological studies. The results showed that the diets II and III elevated the plasmatic cholesterol significantly, the diet III increased the triglycerides and the II increased the HDLc. In conclusion: the palm and corn oils at 10% produce increase of the plasmatic cholesterol of same magnitude but histological lesions less intense in the group of palm oil.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Key words:</font></B> <font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> Palm oil, corn oil, lipoproteins, histological lesions.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Fecha de recepci&oacute;n: 01/12/2003 Fecha de Aprobaci&oacute;n:13/04/2004</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">INTRODUCCI&Oacute;N</font></P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tanto en humanos como en condiciones experimentales, se ha demostrado que las grasas como constituyentes de la dieta pueden producir modificaciones en los l&iacute;pidos plasm&aacute;ticos y en la funci&oacute;n plaquetaria, par&aacute;metros que afectan directamente el desarrollo de lesiones ateroscler&oacute;ticas<sup>(1-9)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De los l&iacute;pidos plasm&aacute;ticos el colesterol<sup>(6-9)</sup> y los triacilglic&eacute;ridos<sup>(10)</sup> son considerados aterog&eacute;nicos, mientras que HDLc es considerado como factor protector<sup>(11)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Especialmente el nivel de colesterol plasm&aacute;tico aumenta con el consumo de grasas saturadas, los trabajos iniciales de Keys y Hegsted en 1965 establecieron una relaci&oacute;n directa y lineal entre el contenido de las grasas saturadas consumidas y la concentraci&oacute;n de colesterol plasm&aacute;tico<sup>(8,9)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aunque el consumo de grasas con alto contenido en &aacute;cidos grasos saturados produce un incremento del colesterol plasm&aacute;tico, se ha discutido el efecto que podr&iacute;a ocasionar la longitud de la cadena carbonada del &aacute;cido graso, la presencia o ausencia de colesterol en la dieta o la concentraci&oacute;n de colesterol plasm&aacute;tico previo a la instalaci&oacute;n de la dieta investigada. De forma tal que se ha reportado lo siguiente:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En humanos y en primates no humanos, los &aacute;cidos grasos saturados la&uacute;rico (C12:0) y mir&iacute;stico (C14:0) son m&aacute;s inductores de hipercolesterolemia que el &aacute;cido palm&iacute;tico (C16:0)<sup>(12-17)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En humanos normocolesterol&eacute;micos, el reemplazo en la dieta del &aacute;cido oleico (C18:1n-9) por &aacute;cido palm&iacute;tico, no produce efectos sobre el colesterol plasm&aacute;tico ni sobre la relaci&oacute;n LDLc/HDLc<sup>(16)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El &aacute;cido palm&iacute;tico produce un aumento en LDLc respecto del &aacute;cido oleico, solamente cuando hay ingesta alta de colesterol, o cuando hay una hipercolesterolemia previa<sup>(17)</sup>, y los &aacute;cidos grasos saturados la&uacute;rico y mir&iacute;stico aumentan el colesterol total y el LDLc a trav&eacute;s de la supresi&oacute;n del receptor hep&aacute;tico a&uacute;n en ausencia de colesterol en la dieta<sup>(18-21)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La administraci&oacute;n de aceite de palma a pacientes hipercolesterol&eacute;micos produce una disminuci&oacute;n del colesterol plasm&aacute;tico<sup>(22)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las modificaciones bioqu&iacute;micas e histol&oacute;gicas en conejos alimentados por tiempo prolongado (4 meses) con suplementos de aceite de palma (Elaeis Guineensis) y de ma&iacute;z comercial en ausencia de colesterol en la dieta.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">MATERIALES Y M&Eacute;TODOS</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Animales de experimentaci&oacute;n</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se utilizaron 18 conejos adultos, machos, Nueva Zelanda de 3-3,5 Kg de peso corporal, ubicados en jaulas separadas, distribuidos al azar en tres grupos de acuerdo con las dietas suministradas durante cuatro meses.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Grupo I: Control, alimentados con Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> comercial «ad libitum». La composici&oacute;n porcentual de la Conejarina utilizada fue la siguiente: prote&iacute;nas, grasa, fibra y carbohidratos al 15,3,18 y 40% (p/p) respectivamente. Las grasas aportaron 11 Kcal por cada 100 Kcal total.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Grupo II: Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> m&aacute;s aceite semipurificado de palma 10% (p/p, con una relaci&oacute;n I:S 1.05. La composici&oacute;n porcentual del aceite crudo de palma determinada por cromatograf&iacute;a de gases fue la siguiente:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&Aacute;cidos grasos saturados:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">C12:0 = 0,4%    <br> C14:0 = 1,31%    <br> C16:0 = 43,2%    <br> C18:0 = 3,33%    <br> Total = 48,24%</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&Aacute;cidos grasos insaturados:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">C18: 1n-9= 40.3%    <br> C18:2n-6= 10.4%    <br> C18:3n-3= 0.17%    <br> Total: 50.87%</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Relaci&oacute;n insaturados: saturados = 1.05.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Grupo III. Recibieron Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> adicionada de aceite comercial de ma&iacute;z 10% (p/p), con una relaci&oacute;n I:S= 6.9. La composici&oacute;n del aceite comercial de ma&iacute;z empleado fue la siguiente:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&Aacute;cidos grasos saturados:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">C16:0 = 10.9%    <br> C18:0 = 1.6%    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> Total = 12,5%</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&Aacute;cidos grasos insaturados:</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">C18:1n-9= 23.6%    <br> C18:2n-6= 62.1%    <br> C18:3n-3= 0.9%    <br> Total: 86.6%.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">En las dietas de los grupos II y III, las grasas aportaron 37 Kcal por cada 100 Kcal total.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Preparaci&oacute;n de las dietas</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Para las dietas II y III, 90 g. de Conejarina<sup>&reg;</sup> se mezclaron con 10 g. de aceite (10%), semanalmente conservadas en refrigeraci&oacute;n.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El aceite semipurificado de palma se obtuvo de plantaciones del estado Portuguesa, Venezuela y el aceite de ma&iacute;z fue adquirido comercialmente de fabricantes que lo elaboran para consumo humano</font></P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Obtenci&oacute;n de las muestras</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Las muestras fueron obtenidas de los animales en ayuno de 12 a 14 horas. Se practic&oacute; punci&oacute;n de la vena marginal de la oreja mensualmente. La sangre se dispens&oacute; en tubos sin anticoagulante para obtener suero y en tubos con EDTA para obtener sangre total.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Determinaciones</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L&iacute;pidos plasm&aacute;ticos: Colesterol total, triglic&eacute;ridos y lipoprote&iacute;nas plasm&aacute;ticas se determinaron mensualmente utilizando m&eacute;todos enzim&aacute;ticos (Wiener enzimatic kit, Argentina). Se realizaron control de calidad empleando sueros liofilizados de la casa Wiener Standadrol nivel 1 y 2.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Al final del per&iacute;odo experimental (4 meses) se determin&oacute; en plasma la concentraci&oacute;n de vitamina C antes de las 2 primeras h de tomadas las muestras, por el m&eacute;todo calorim&eacute;trico de la 2,4 dinitrofenilhidrazina<sup>(23)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Determinaciones de apo-prote&iacute;nas apo-AI y apo-B mediante el m&eacute;todo immunotubim&eacute;trico de la casa Orion<sup>&reg;</sup> Diagn&oacute;stica, y determinaciones de productos finales de peroxidaci&oacute;n lip&iacute;dica con m&eacute;todo del &aacute;cido tiobarbit&uacute;rico<sup>(24)</sup>.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">An&aacute;lisis qu&iacute;mico de los aceites utilizados</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; El an&aacute;lisis de los &aacute;cidos grasos de los aceites fue realizado por cromatograf&iacute;a en fase gas-l&iacute;quido, previa formaci&oacute;n de &eacute;steres met&iacute;licos<sup>(25)</sup> en la Secci&oacute;n de Lipidolog&iacute;a del Instituto de Medicina Experimental Facultad de Medicinal, UCV.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estudio Morfol&oacute;gico: A los 4 meses del suministro de las dietas, y despu&eacute;s de 24 h de ayuno, los conejos fueron anestesiados con tiopental s&oacute;dico 15-20 mg/Kg por v&iacute;a intraperitoneal y se exaguinaron por punci&oacute;n cardiaca. Inmediatamente se practic&oacute; una incisi&oacute;n en la l&iacute;nea media toraco-abdominal, se extrajeron muestras de la aorta tor&aacute;xico y abdominal, fijadas en formol al 10% se practicaron tinciones de los cortes histol&oacute;gicos con hematoxilina-eosina, los cuales fueron procesados en el Servicio de Microscop&iacute;a de Luz del Centro de Biof&iacute;sica y Bioqu&iacute;mica del Instituto Venezolano de Investigaci&oacute;n Cient&iacute;fica (IVIC), se us&oacute; la clasificaci&oacute;n de Stary<sup>(26)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Los estudios experimentales realizados en esta investigaci&oacute;n, se practicaron cumpliendo las normas &eacute;ticas del Bioterio de la Escuela de Medicina «Jos&eacute; M. Vargas», acerca del cuidado y manejo de animales de laboratorio.</font></P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">An&aacute;lisis Estad&iacute;stico</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se utiliz&oacute; an&aacute;lisis de varianza (ANOVA) de una v&iacute;a en los estudios de los par&aacute;metros determinados al final del per&iacute;odo experimental y ANOVA de dos v&iacute;as para an&aacute;lisis de tiempo-efecto del aceite en el resto de los par&aacute;metros. En ambos tipos de ANOVA se aplic&oacute; a posteriori, la prueba de diferencia m&iacute;nima significativa.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">RESULTADOS</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; La concentraci&oacute;n de colesterol total del plasma al inicio y final del experimento mostr&oacute; aumento significativo en los grupos que recibieron los aceites (p&lt;0,05), <B>(<a href="#fig1">Figura 1</a>)</B>.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig1"></a>Figura 1</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">CONCENTRACI&Oacute;n plasm&aacute;tica de colesterol (mg/dL).X±DS</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig1.jpg" width="493" height="354"></P>     
<P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>*p&lt;0.05 (Grupo II Inicial vs Grupo II Final).</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>**p&lt;0.05 (Grupo III Inicial vs Grupo III Final).</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; No se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. En relaci&oacute;n a las fracciones de HDLc, <B>(<a href="#fig2">Figura 2</a>)</B>.</font></P> <B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig2"></a>Figura 2</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">CONCENTRACI&Oacute;n plasm&aacute;tica de HDLc (mg/dL).X±DS</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig2.jpg" width="578" height="289"></P> <FONT FACE="Arial" SIZE=1> <I> </I></FONT>     
<P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>*p&lt;0.01 (Grupo II Final).</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Se observ&oacute; un aumento significativo en el grupo II (aceite de palma) con respecto al grupo control y al grupo que recibi&oacute; aceite de ma&iacute;z (p &lt;0.01)</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Los triglic&eacute;ridos del plasma aumentaron progresivamente a partir del primer mes de la administraci&oacute;n de los aceites de palma y ma&iacute;z <B>(<a href="#fig3">Figura 3</a>)</B>; en relaci&oacute;n a su concentraci&oacute;n basal, el grupo III mostr&oacute; un aumento significativo (p &lt;0,01), <B>(<a href="#fig4">Figura 4</a>)</B>.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig3"></a>Figura 3</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">CONCENTRACI&Oacute;N DE TRIGLIC&eacute;ridos plasm&aacute;ticos mensuales (mg/dL).X±DS GRUPO II Y GRUPO III</span></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig3.jpg" width="520" height="380"></P> <FONT FACE="Helvetica" SIZE=1>    
<P ALIGN="CENTER">&nbsp;</P> </FONT> </B>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig4"></a>Figura 4</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">CONCENTRACI&Oacute;n DE TRIGLIC&eacute;ridos plasm&aacute;ticos (mg/dL).X±DS</span></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig4.jpg" width="513" height="273"></P> </B>     
<P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>*p&lt;0.01 (Grupo III Inicial Vs Grupo III Final).</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En las <B><a href="#tab1">Tablas 1</a> y <a href="#tab2"> 2</a></B>, se muestran los valores de apo-lipoprote&iacute;nas A-I (apo AI) y apo B (apo-B) respectivamente. No se encontr&oacute; diferencias en la concentraci&oacute;n de apo A-I, la apo-B aument&oacute; significativamente en los grupos alimentados con aceite de palma (p&lt;0.05) y aceite de ma&iacute;z (p&lt;0.01) comparados con el grupo control.<a name="tab1"></a></font></P>     <div align="center">       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=316> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Tabla 1</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">concentraciones medias apolipoprote&iacute;na apo-ai</span> (mg/dL) <span style="text-transform: uppercase"> al final del estudio</span>.X±DS</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">APO A-I (mg/dL)</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Grupos</b></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Media±DS</b></font></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Control I</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palma II</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Ma&iacute;z III</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12,00 ± 1,41</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12,83 ± 0,98</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">12,00 ± 1,79</font></TD> </TR> </TABLE>    </center> </div>  <FONT FACE="Times" SIZE=2>    <P ALIGN="center"><a name="tab2"></a></P></FONT>     <div align="center">       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=316> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Tabla 2</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">concentraciones medias apolipoprote&iacute;na apo B</span> (mg/dL) <span style="text-transform: uppercase"> al final del estudio</span>.X±DS</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">APO B (mg/dL)</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Grupos</b></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Media±DS</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Control I</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palma II</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Ma&iacute;z III</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">8,5 ± 0,84</font></P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">9,6 ± 0,89*</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">10,0 ± 0,71**</font></TD> </TR> </TABLE>    </center> </div>     <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>* Grupo I vs Grupo II p&lt;0,05</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>** Grupo I vs Grupo III p&lt;0,01</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <font face="Times New Roman" size="3">En la <B><a href="#tab3">Tabla 3</a></B> se encuentran las concentraciones de vitamina C, no se encontr&oacute; diferencia significativa.<a name="tab3"></a></font></P>     <div align="center">       <center> <TABLE BORDER="1" CELLSPACING=1 CELLPADDING=4 WIDTH=316> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Tabla 3</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">concentraciones de vitamina c</span></font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">(&aacute;cido asc&oacute;rbido</span> <font FACE="Times New Roman">&#956;</font>g/<font FACE="Times New Roman">&#956;</font>l) <span style="text-transform: uppercase"> al final</span></font> </P>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="CENTER" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">DE LA EXPERImentaci&oacute;n</span> X±DS (p&gt;0.05)</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" COLSPAN=2> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">APO B (mg/dL)</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>Grupos</b></font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP"> <B>    <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Media±DS</font></B></TD> </TR> <TR><TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Control I</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Palma II</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Ma&iacute;z III</font></TD> <TD WIDTH="50%" VALIGN="TOP">     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">4,50 ± 2,11</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">6,92 ± 2,81</font></P>     <P ALIGN="CENTER"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">5,97 ± 2,07</font></TD> </TR> </TABLE>    </center> </div>  <FONT FACE="Times" SIZE=2> </FONT>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En la <B>(<a href="#fig5">Figura 5</a>)</B> se encuentran representadas las concentraciones de las sustancias de reacci&oacute;n con el &aacute;cido tiobarbit&uacute;rico (TBARS) al final del estudio. Se encontr&oacute; un aumento significativo en los grupos que recibieron los dos tipos de aceites (p&lt;0.05).</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig5"></a>Figura 5</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">CONCENTRACI&Oacute;n DE las sustancias de reacci&oacute;n con el &aacute;cido tiobarbit&uacute;rico (TBARS) nmol/Lt.X±DS</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig5.jpg" width="513" height="311"></P> <I><FONT FACE="Helvetica" SIZE=1> </FONT> </I>    
<P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>*p&lt;0.05 (Grupo II vs Grupo I).</b></font></P>     <P ALIGN="left"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><b>**p&lt;0.05 (Grupo III vs Grupo I).</b></font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Estudio morfol&oacute;gico</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En el corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta de conejo del grupo control <B>(<a href="#fig6">Figura 6</a>)</B> se observa endotelio normal y t&uacute;nica media con lesiones fibrosas difusas compatibles con el proceso de envejecimiento.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig6"></a>Figura 6</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta tor&aacute;cica del grupo i (cONTROL) tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 100 x</span></font></P> </B>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig6.jpg" width="578" height="405"></P> <FONT FACE="Times" SIZE=2> </FONT>     
<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En las <B>(<a href="#fig7">Figura 7</a> y<a href="#fig8"> 8</a>)</B> se pueden apreciar los cortes de las aortas tor&aacute;cicas de dos conejos pertenecientes al grupo II, se pueden apreciar estr&iacute;as grasas, engrosamientos de la &iacute;ntima, pero con indemnidad de la limitante.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Estas alteraciones morfol&oacute;gicas fueron observadas en el 70% de los animales, y son clasificadas como lesiones tempranas de acuerdo con los trabajos de Stary y al Comit&eacute; de Lesiones Vasculares y la Asociaci&oacute;n Americana del Coraz&oacute;n: Estadio I, II y III. El otro 30% de los animales mostraron lesiones localizadas, con &aacute;reas indemnes.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig7"></a>Figura 7</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta tor&aacute;cica del grupo Ii (PALMA). tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 400 x</span></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig7.jpg" width="578" height="420"></P>     
<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig8"></a>Figura 8</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta tor&aacute;cica del grupo Ii (PALMA). tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 400 x</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig8.jpg" width="578" height="396"></P>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En las <B>(<a href="#fig9">Figuras 9</a> y <a href="#fig10">10</a>)</B> podemos apreciar acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;pidos en la &iacute;ntima y media, engrosamiento y desorganizaci&oacute;n de la &iacute;ntima, y calcificaci&oacute;n <B>(<a href="#fig11">Figura 11</a>)</B> cambios que fueron encontrados en el 80% de los conejos que recibieron la dieta suplementada con aceite de ma&iacute;z, el otro 20% present&oacute; lesiones tipo I, II y III. Estas lesiones son consideradas graves y corresponden a los estadios IV, V y VI de Stary. y se definen como aquellas en las cuales la acumulaci&oacute;n de l&iacute;pidos en la &iacute;ntima est&aacute; asociada con engrosamiento y desorganizaci&oacute;n de la misma, deformidad de la pared arterial y a menudo complicaciones como rupturas, hematomas, calcificaciones y trombosis.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig9"></a>Figura 9</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta tor&aacute;cica del grupo IIi (Ma&iacute;z). estr&iacute;a grasa.tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 400 x</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig9.jpg" width="578" height="387"></P>     
<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><B><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig10"></a>Figura 10</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta ABDOMINAL del grupo IIi (Ma&iacute;z). tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 400 x</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="center"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig10.jpg" width="567" height="424"></P> <B>    
<P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><a name="fig11"></a>Figura 11</font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">corte histol&oacute;gico de aorta ABDOMINAL del grupo IIi (Ma&iacute;z). CALCIFICACI&oacute;n de la media. tinci&oacute;n hematoxilina-eosina. 400 x</span></font></P>     <P ALIGN="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><img border="0" src="/img/fbpe/rfm/v27n1/art09fig11.jpg" width="591" height="447"></P>     
]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">DISCUSI&Oacute;N</font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; De acuerdo a estudios epidemiol&oacute;gicos y a evidencias experimentales, la concentraci&oacute;n de colesterol plasm&aacute;tico es modificada por el consumo de &aacute;cidos grasos saturados<sup>(1,2,4,5,7-9,13-17)</sup>. En nuestras condiciones experimentales, la administraci&oacute;n de dos tipos de dietas a conejos: una enriquecida con &aacute;cidos grasos saturados y monoinsaturados, cuya relaci&oacute;n poliinsaturados: saturados (P:S) fue de 1.05 y otra enriquecida con &aacute;cidos grasos poliinsaturados con una relaci&oacute;n P:S de 6.9, indujeron una elevaci&oacute;n del colesterol plasm&aacute;tico de igual magnitud, cuando se compararon con el grupo que recibi&oacute; la dieta convencional. Este hecho es importante puesto que se ha aceptado en forma general, que el consumo de &aacute;cidos grasos saturados aumenta el colesterol plasm&aacute;tico, mientras que los insaturados lo disminuyen. M&uacute;ltiples evidencias experimentales han demostrado que los &aacute;cidos grasos saturados la&uacute;rico (C12:0) y mir&iacute;stico (C14:0), aumentan el colesterol plasm&aacute;tico debido a una disminuci&oacute;n de los receptores hep&aacute;ticos para el LDLc<sup>(18-21)</sup>. Sin embargo, con el &aacute;cido palm&iacute;tico (C16:0) se han reportado resultados contradictorios, b&aacute;sicamente porque hay dos variables independientes que modifican sustancialmente su efecto: la concentraci&oacute;n de colesterol plasm&aacute;tico previa a la instalaci&oacute;n de la dieta investigada, o la presencia de colesterol en la dieta<sup>(13-17)</sup>. En nuestras condiciones experimentales el aceite no conten&iacute;a colesterol y las concentraciones iniciales de este par&aacute;metro en plasma estaban entre 20-30 mg/dL, por lo cual inferimos que los cambios observados se deben al efecto de las dietas administradas.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Un hallazgo que nos ha llamado la atenci&oacute;n es el incremento significativo en la concentraci&oacute;n de HDLc en el grupo de animales que recibieron la dieta suplementada con aceite de palma (grupo II) este mismo resultado ha sido reportado por otros investigadores<sup>(27,28)</sup>. Sin embargo la concentraci&oacute;n de Apo A-I no vari&oacute; en forma significativa, lo que nos permiten intuir que la part&iacute;cula de HDL, lleva consigo un aumento absoluto de colesterol, posiblemente debido a la remoci&oacute;n de colesterol de las c&eacute;lulas perif&eacute;ricas<sup>(29)</sup>. Esto contrarrestar&iacute;a el efecto de la LDLc, previniendo la formaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas espumosas, evento histol&oacute;gico inicial en la generaci&oacute;n de la lesi&oacute;n ateroscler&oacute;tica. La observaci&oacute;n de estudios in vitro e in vivo en los cuales la HDL promueve la salida de colesterol desde las c&eacute;lulas cargadas con esta lipoprote&iacute;na<sup>(30,31)</sup>, sustentan los planteamientos enunciados.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Otro efecto importante que tiene la HDL como factor cardioprotector y que podr&iacute;an explicar nuestros hallazgos morfol&oacute;gicos es el efecto antioxidante directo que posee la HDLc, debido a su contenido en paraoxonasa y acetilhidrolasa, las cuales inhiben y neutralizan el efecto de la LDL oxidada y su acumulaci&oacute;n a nivel endotelial<sup>(32-36)</sup>. El efecto antioxidante se debe a la hidr&oacute;lisis de los &aacute;cidos grasos oxidados en los fosfol&iacute;pidos<sup>(37)</sup> y al bloqueo de la respuesta inflamatoria inducida por la LDL oxidada en las c&eacute;lulas de la pared arterial<sup>(38)</sup>. Posiblemente debido a estos hechos, se ha establecido una relaci&oacute;n inversa entre la concentraci&oacute;n de HDL y el desarrollo de enfermedad coronaria, de forma tal que la disminuci&oacute;n en la concentraci&oacute;n de HDLc es una variable independiente de afecci&oacute;n cardiovascular<sup>(39-41)</sup>.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Es importante se&ntilde;alar que adem&aacute;s del efecto per se que induce experimentalmente el aceite de palma en la concentraci&oacute;n de HDL, este aceite tiene un alto contenido natural de antioxidantes: <font FACE="Times New Roman">&#946;</font>-caroteno, alfa–tocoferol y tocotrienoles en comparaci&oacute;n con otros aceites<sup>(43,44)</sup> e incluso cuando se compara con su producto semipurificado<sup>(45)</sup>, el alto contenido de antioxidantes naturales y el aumento en la concentraci&oacute;n de HDLc, podr&iacute;an explicar la menor severidad en los hallazgos morfol&oacute;gicos de la aorta tor&aacute;cica y abdominal en comparaci&oacute;n con el grupo de animales que recibi&oacute; la dieta suplementada con aceite de ma&iacute;z.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En relaci&oacute;n al mecanismo de producci&oacute;n de la hipertrigliceridemia observada en el grupo III (aceite de ma&iacute;z) no tenemos una explicaci&oacute;n, esto amerita futuros trabajos, sin embargo relacionamos la intensidad de las lesiones histol&oacute;gicas observadas en este grupo de animales, con la capacidad que tienen los macr&oacute;fagos para cargarse con esta lipoprote&iacute;na a trav&eacute;s del receptor «scanveger».</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Con respecto al incremento de la apo-B, claramente demuestra un aumento de las lipoprote&iacute;nas que contienen en su estructura esta apoprote&iacute;na: LDL, IDL y VLDL. Esto podr&iacute;a explicar la hipertrigliceridemia observad en el grupo que recibi&oacute; la dieta suplementada con aceite de ma&iacute;z y un posible aumento en la LDL en el grupo que recibi&oacute; la dieta suplementada con aceite de palma; aunque en nuestros estudios no pudimos cuantificar directamente la cantidad de LDLc, sin embargo utilizando la f&oacute;rmula de Friedewald, obtuvimos un aumento en la LDLc en los dos grupos experimentales.</font></P>     <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; En conclusi&oacute;n en nuestras condiciones experimentales demostramos por una parte que el aceite de palma no es tan da&ntilde;ino como se le ha se&ntilde;alado, y por otra parte que no solamente la calidad de los &aacute;cidos grasos que la integran: saturados o no, son importantes sino que tiene igual importancia la cantidad ingerida.</font></P> <B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="text-transform: uppercase">Agradecimientos</span></font></P> </B>    <P ALIGN="JUSTIFY"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Este trabajo fue financiado por FONACID de Venezuela, proyecto S1- 98001441 y el CDCH. UCV de Venezuela, proyecto Nº 09.531.2000</font></P> <B>    ]]></body>
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