<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2244-761X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Digital de Postgrado]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Digit. Postgr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2244-761X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2244-761X2025000300303</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37910/rdp.2025.14.3.e434</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aspectos inmunológicos en parálisis cerebral]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immunological aspects in cerebral palsy]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Damarys]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shantal]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dreikhah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Efraín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Reimari]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Central de Venezuela  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2244-761X2025000300303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2244-761X2025000300303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2244-761X2025000300303&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Hasta hace poco tiempo, no era conocido que estados secuelares permanentes, cuya génesis fue superada en su mayoría en el periodo perinatal, estuviesen relacionadas con cambios inmunológicos, bien como agentes coadyuvantes causales, o como consecuencia de ellos. Es el caso de la parálisis cerebral (PC), en población infantojuvenil, que se caracteriza por alteraciones motoras (tono, postura y motricidad general tanto esquelética como autonómica), establecidas a consecuencia de daño en la corteza motriz encefálica, de sus vías o de las que las modulan. Las causas más comunes (sin negar un frecuente trasfondo genético), son neonatales: hipoxia, sepsis, hemorragias ventriculares, alteraciones cardiacas agudas, dismetabolias y malformaciones. Existen algunos elementos inmunológicos a considerar que han sido detectados con niveles alterados en varias patologías neurológicas crónicas, y también en estados secuelares del sistema nervioso, en este sentido, en los últimos años, se han publicado algunas investigaciones acerca de la respuesta inmune (innata y adaptativa), del reconocimiento y liberación de factores por parte de las células inmunitarias en estos pacientes. En esta revisión, se incluyen hallazgos en PC, de: citosinas, inflamación, e inmunopredictores. Corresponde al equipo multidisciplinario tratante de niños y jóvenes con PC (Neurología, Fisiatría, Ortopedia, Nutrición, Pediatría, Psicología, Psicopedagogía, rehabilitadores, etc.), incorporar en sus análisis, esta información y determinar su pertinencia en esquemas de tratamiento individualizado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Until recently, it was not known that permanent sequelae, most of which originated in the perinatal period, were related to immunological changes, either as contributing causal agents or as a consequence of them. This is the case with cerebral palsy (CP) in children and adolescents, which is characterized by motor disorders (tone, posture, and general skeletal and autonomic motor function) resulting from damage to the motor cortex of the brain, its pathways, or the pathways that modulate it. The most common causes (without denying a frequent genetic background) are neonatal: hypoxia, sepsis, ventricular hemorrhages, acute cardiac disorders, dysmetabolism, and malformations.There are some immunological elements to consider that have been detected with altered levels in various chronic neurological pathologies, as well as in sequelae of the nervous system. In this regard, in recent years, some research has been published on the immune response (innate and adaptive), recognition, and release of factors by immune cells in these patients. This review includes findings in CP on cytokines, inflammation, and immunopredictors. It is up to the multidisciplinary team treating children and young people with CP (neurology, physiatry, orthopedics, nutrition, pediatrics, psychology, psychopedagogy, rehabilitation specialists, etc.) to incorporate this information into their analyses and determine its relevance in individualized treatment plans.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Parálisis Cerebral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Citosinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inflamación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunopredictores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cerebral Palsy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cytokines]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inflammation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunopredictors]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Parálisis Cerebral]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iañes Pareja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Curso de Inmunología General]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Granada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Inmune MS</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las citoquinas y su función en la respuesta inmunológica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[MiSistemaInmune]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamación]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inflamación]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Central de Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayeux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomarkers: Potential uses and limitations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NeuroRx]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>182-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Califf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomarker definitions and their applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Biol Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>243</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>213-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Citoquinas séricas en un ensayo clínico de hipotermia para la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica neonatal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cereb]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>1888-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grether]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dambrosia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Citocinas neonatales y parálisis cerebral en recién nacidos muy prematuros]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Res]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>600-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zareen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strickland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eneaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V/M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La desregulación de citocinas persiste en la encefalopatía postneonatal infantil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Neurol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>115</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zareen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strickland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McEneaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denise]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desregulación de citocinas en niños con parálisis cerebral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>407-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Hare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alteraciones seriadas de citocinas y. neuroimagen anormal en recién nacidos con encefalopatía]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>561-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferriero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Encefalopatía neonatal en el lactante a término: neuroimagen y citocinas inflamatorias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>20-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dammann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Citoquinas y daño cerebral perinatal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Perinatol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>643-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schleiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Respuestas alteradas de citoquinas en niños con parálisis cerebral: patogénesis y nuevas terapias. Medicina del desarrollo y neurología infantil]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>365-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Respuestas inflamatorias alteradas en niños prematuros con parálisis cerebral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Neurol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>204-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gressens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflamación durante la vida fetal y neonatal: implicaciones para las enfermedades neurológicas y neuropsiquiátricas en niños y adultos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Neurol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>444-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inflamación persistente en la parálisis cerebral: ¿mediador patógeno o comorbilidad? Una revisión del alcance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Clinical Medicine]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahony]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deterioro neurológico severo y función inmune: neutrófilos. monocitos, linfocitos T y activación del inflamasoma alterado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación pediátrica]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<page-range>1611-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zareen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKenna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strickland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McEneaney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La activación alterada del inflamasoma en la encefalopatia neonatal persiste en la infancia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Inmunología clínica y experimental]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>89-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dhillon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gressens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Descubriendo el papel de la inflamación con asfixia en el recién nacido]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clínicas de Perinatología]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaukola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallankari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuimala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las inmunoproteínas perinatales predicen el riesgo de parálisis cerebral en niños prematuros]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AnnMed]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>57-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chalak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laptook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomarcadores gravedad de la encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica neonatal y resultados en recién nacidos que reciben terapia de hipotermia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>164</volume>
<page-range>468-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[De]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relación entre el TNF-a y el riesgo de parálisis cerebral: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fronteras en Neurología]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las variantes genéticas en la región HLA contribuyen al riesgo de parálisis cerebral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biochimica et Biophysica Acta]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un estudio de asociación de polimorfismos de IL2RA con parálisis cerebral en una población china]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Medical Genomics]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O &#8216;Hare]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donoghue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molloy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Activación sistemática persistente de monocitos y neutrófilos en la encefalopatía neonatal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>582-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
