<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2610-8038</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Arbitrada Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Salud y Vida]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud y Vida]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2610-8038</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Koinonía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2610-80382026000100036</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35381/s.v.v10i19.4889</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Afrontamiento del estrés en familiares de pacientes con estancia prolongada en cuidados intensivos. Revisión sistemática]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Coping with stress in relatives of patients with prolonged stay in intensive care. A systematic review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaya-Pincay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verdezoto-Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yerling Marina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaguache-Jimbo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Lucia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonilla-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kerly Esmeralda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guayaquil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil Guayas]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro Departamento de Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milagro Guayas]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro Departamento de Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milagro Guayas]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro Departamento de Posgrado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milagro Guayas]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<fpage>36</fpage>
<lpage>55</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2610-80382026000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2610-80382026000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2610-80382026000100036&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Objetivo:  Explorar la evidencia disponible sobre el afrontamiento del estrés en familiares de pacientes con estancia prolongada en UCI, 2020 - 2025.  Método:  Se consideraron investigaciones cuantitativas, cualitativas y mixtas en español, inglés o portugués, centradas en adultos que acompañan a pacientes críticos de edad &#8805; 18 años. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS, se gestionó la información mediante Rayyan, mientras que la calidad y el nivel de cada estudio se calificaron con el esquema Johns Hopkins.  Resultados:  26 estudios integraron la revisión, tres ejes: intervenciones educativas y de comunicación que atenúan la incertidumbre, soporte psicoemocional grupal o individual que fortalece recursos internos, y prácticas de autocuidado basadas en mindfulness, religión o redes sociales.  Conclusión:  Existe altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en los familiares, aunque varía según el instrumento con el que se mide y el contexto.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Objective:  To examine the existing evidence on coping strategies among relatives of patients with prolonged stays in intensive care units (ICUs) from 2020 to 2025.  Methods:  Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-method studies in Spanish, English, or Portuguese were considered, focusing on adults accompanying critically ill patients aged &#8805;18 years. The search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and LILACS. Data management was performed using Rayyan, and study quality and evidence level were appraised according to the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice model.  Results:  Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, clustering around three main themes: educational and communication interventions that reduce uncertainty; group or individual psychosocial support strengthening internal coping resources; and self-care practices grounded in mindfulness, spirituality, or social networks.  Conclusion:  High levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were observed among family members, with variations depending on the measurement instruments and contextual factors. (Source: DeCS).]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estrés psicológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[familia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[unidades de cuidados intensivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adaptación psicológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuidadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Psychological stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[family]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[intensive care units]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[adaptation, psychological]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[caregivers]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salmani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The experiences of the families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Nurs.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>430</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shirasaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hifumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakanishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nosaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Postintensive care syndrome family: A comprehensive review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acute Med Surg.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>939</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gunnlaugsdóttir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jónasdóttir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Björnsdóttir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klinke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How can family members of patients in the intensive care unit be supported? A systematic review of qualitative reviews, meta-synthesis, and novel recommendations for nursing care.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Nurs Stud Adv.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>24</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teutsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kubitza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What motivates critical care nurses to stay in their job? - Structural aspects for empowering intrinsic motivation in permissive professional contexts: A scoping review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>88</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcañiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezquiaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Psychological Impact on Relatives of Critically Ill Patients: The Influence of Visiting Hours.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care Explorations.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>0625</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kotfis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maj]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szyli&#324;ska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pankowiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reszka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The spectrum of psychological disorders in family members of patients suffering from delirium associated with critical illness: a prospective, observational study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crowe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choroszewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovatch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haljan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[When chronic critical illness is a family affair: A multi-perspective qualitative study of family involvement in long-term care.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chronic Illn.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>804-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family members' perceptions of surrogate decision-making in the intensive care unit: A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Nurs Stud.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>137</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The experiences of newly qualified nurses in intensive care unit: a qualitative meta-synthesis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Med (Lausana).]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira Frota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gouveia de Sene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciccone Giacon Arruda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferraz Teston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[É]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcalá Pompeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coping strategies of family members of intensive care unit patients.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Crit Care Nurs.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>63</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nosaka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takeuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wakabayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term prevalence of PTSD symptom in family members of severe COVID-19 patients: a serial follow-up study extending to 18 months after ICU discharge.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Intensive Care.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El efecto del cuidado informal en la salud de los cuidadores familiares de personas mayores dependientes en Chile.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista médica de Chile.]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>148</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oczkowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Family-Centered Care for Adult ICUs: 2024.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Critical Care Medicine.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>46-482</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Getachew Bekele]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melaku]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beza Demisse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fekede Abza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seid Assen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcomes and factors associated with prolonged stays among patients admitted to adult intensive care unit in a resource-limited setting: a multicenter chart review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific Reports.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>14</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contents and effectiveness of patient- and family-centred care interventions in adult intensive care units: A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nursing in Critical Care.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>1290-302</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wozniak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beckmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dos Santos Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pugin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heidegger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cereghetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-stay ICU patients with frailty: mortality and recovery outcomes at 6 months.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of Intensive Care.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>31</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Putowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rachfalska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majewska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Megger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krzych]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#321;]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of risk factors for post-intensive care syndrome in family members (PICS-F) among adult patients: a systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<page-range>168-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blackwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How and when post intensive care syndrome-family is measured: A scoping review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Crit Care Nurs.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>84</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira Baia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takase Gonçalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira de Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leahey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nurses and families: a guide to assessment and intervention. 5th ed. São Paulo (SP): Roca; 2012.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Rene.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>904-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filipovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeitziner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Felten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Safford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riguzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multicomponent family support intervention in intensive care units: study protocol for a multicenter cluster-randomized trial (FICUS Trial).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trials.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The interactivity and independence of Recovery challenges and coping strategies for ICU survivors and their caregivers: a systematic review and Meta-synthesis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Nursing.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LaNoue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheunemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Post-Intensive Care Syndrome and Caregiver Burden: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Randomized Controlled Trial.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>8</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stonehouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[San Pedro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JQ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Randomized Clinical Trial of the Four Supports Intervention for Surrogate Decision-Makers in Intensive Care Units.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>211</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendlandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pongracz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Trajectories in Family Caregivers of Patients With Acute Cardiorespiratory Failure.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Netw Open.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla Fortunatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gattamorta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological distress, social support, and family satisfaction among family members of non-COVID-19 critical care patients: A cross-sectional study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nurs Scholarsh.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onwumere]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terblanche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pattison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metaxa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Psychological distress and morbidity of family members experiencing virtual visiting in intensive care during COVID-19: an observational cohort study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>48</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sep]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verbunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Caregiver burden and impact on COVID-19 patient participation and quality of life one year after ICU discharge - A prospective cohort study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Patient Educ Couns.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>123</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Metaxa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nacul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conway Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding and addressing a &#8216;difficult&#8217; family in ICU.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>29</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liyew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarekegn Mersha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muluadam Admassie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riskey Arefayne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Family Satisfaction with Care Provided in Intensive Care Unit; a Multi-Center, Cross-Sectional Study&#8221;.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Patient Related Outcome Measures.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendlandt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social Support Mediates the 6-Month Mental Health-related Quality of Life of Intensive Care Unit Caregivers with Depressive Symptoms.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Am Thorac Soc.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>Mayo</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Scoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armstrong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Stress-Related Disorders of Family Members of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit With COVID-19.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Intern Med.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>182</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family-centred care interventions to reduce the delirium prevalence in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nurs Open.]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impact of patient- and family-centered care interventions on intensive care unit outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Braz J Anesthesiol.]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>75</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ohbe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasunaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between intensive care unit admission of a patient and mental disorders in the spouse: a retrospective matched-pair cohort study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Intensive Care.]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>9</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Renet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pochard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azoulay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kentish Barnes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family support and communication during ICU care: who else if not the intensive care team? Author's reply.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>50</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dijkstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Felten Barentsz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Valk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelgrim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Hoeven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoonhoven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family participation in essential care activities: Needs, perceptions, preferences, and capacities of intensive care unit patients, relatives, and healthcare providers-An integrative review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aust Crit Care.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>36</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Felten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filipovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeitziner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verweij]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riguzzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multicomponent family support intervention in intensive care units: statistical analysis plan for the cluster-randomized controlled FICUS trial.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>25</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
