<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2665-0398</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Aula Virtual]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2665-0398</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Aula Virtual]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2665-03982024000202026</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.11532790</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[GRUPOS DELICTIVOS ORGANIZADOS Y CORRUPCIÓN EN LA ERA DEL MICROTRÁFICO]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ORGANIZED CRIME GROUPS AND CORRUPTION IN THE ERA OF MICROTRAFFICKING]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Policía Nacional del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2665-03982024000202026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2665-03982024000202026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2665-03982024000202026&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este estudio explora la compleja interrelación entre grupos delictivos organizados y la corrupción en el contexto del microtráfico de drogas. A través de un enfoque metodológico mixto, se analizaron datos cuantitativos y cualitativos de tres regiones con altas tasas de microtráfico y corrupción. Los resultados muestran una correlación significativa entre la percepción de corrupción y la efectividad de las políticas contra el microtráfico. Las entrevistas con ex-operadores revelaron que la corrupción facilita el microtráfico mediante sobornos, contrabando, favores legales y manipulación de evidencia. Los grupos focales destacaron la falta de recursos y la corrupción interna como barreras para combatir efectivamente el microtráfico. El estudio subraya la necesidad de abordar la corrupción como parte integral de las estrategias contra el microtráfico, fortaleciendo la vigilancia, protegiendo a los denunciantes y mejorando la capacitación de los funcionarios. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para el diseño de políticas más efectivas y la implementación de reformas institucionales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This study explores the complex interrelationship between organized criminal groups and corruption in the context of drug micro-trafficking. Through a mixed methodological approach, quantitative and qualitative data from three regions with high rates of micro-trafficking and corruption were analyzed. The results show a significant correlation between the perception of corruption and the effectiveness of policies against micro-trafficking. Interviews with former operators revealed that corruption facilitates micro-trafficking through bribes, smuggling, legal favors, and evidence manipulation. Focus groups highlighted the lack of resources and internal corruption as barriers to effectively combat micro-trafficking. The study underscores the need to address corruption as an integral part of strategies against micro-trafficking, strengthening oversight, protecting whistleblowers, and improving training for officials. These findings have significant implications for designing more effective policies and implementing institutional reforms.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microtráfico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grupos delictivos organizados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[políticas públicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[corrupción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Micro-trafficking]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organized criminal groups]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public policies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[corruption]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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