<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2737-6419</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Athenea]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Athenea]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2737-6419</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[AutanaBooks, con el apoyo institucional de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica "Antonio José de Sucre", Vicerrectorado Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2737-64192025000400090</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47460/athenea.v6i22.118</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Evolución histórica de la ingeniería sanitaria y su impacto en la reducción de la mortalidad infantil]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Historical Evolution of Sanitary Engineering and Its Impact on Reducing Child Mortality]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cervantes Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frisancho De Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruth Antonieta Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almonte Mamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abdon]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eloy Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ticona Lecaros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Arequipa ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<fpage>90</fpage>
<lpage>108</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000400090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000400090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2737-64192025000400090&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La ingeniería sanitaria ha sido fundamental para la salud pública y la reducción de la mortalidad infantil. Desde los acueductos antiguos hasta las plantas de tratamiento modernas, ha asegurado el acceso al agua potable y saneamiento, previniendo enfermedades infecciosas. Durante la Revolución Industrial, el crecimiento urbano acelerado y la falta de higiene provocaron epidemias que impulsaron el desarrollo de sistemas técnicos para el manejo del agua y desechos. Así, la ingeniería sanitaria se consolidó como disciplina esencial para la protección de la salud colectiva, reduciendo significativamente la mortalidad infantil mundial. Actualmente, sus avances son cruciales frente a desafíos como el cambio climático y la desigualdad en servicios básicos. Comprender su evolución histórica permite valorar cómo la infraestructura, tecnología y políticas públicas han mejorado la calidad de vida y fortalecido la prevención sanitaria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Sanitary engineering has played a pivotal role in public health and in the global reduction of infant mortality. From ancient aqueducts to modern treatment plants, this field has ensured access to safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, preventing infectious diseases throughout history. During the Industrial Revolution, accelerated urban growth and poor hygiene conditions triggered epidemics that motivated the development of technical systems for water management and waste disposal. Thus, sanitary engineering emerged as an essential discipline for protecting collective health, significantly reducing infant mortality worldwide. Today, its advances remain crucial in the face of challenges such as climate change and persistent inequalities in access to basic services. Understanding its historical evolution allows us to recognize how infrastructure, technology, and public policies have contributed to improved quality of life and strengthened preventive health systems.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingeniería sanitaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mortalidad infantil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agua potable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infraestructura WASH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[intervenciones estructurales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sanitary engineering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[infant mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drinking water]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[WASH infrastructure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[structural interventions]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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