Resumen

OLIVARES MARTINEZ, Ana Belén et al. Folate and folic acid intake estimation and food enrichment requirements. ALAN [online]. 2005, vol.55, n.1, pp.5-14. ISSN 0004-0622.

The term "folate" is a generic way to name the different forms derived from folic acid, one of the B vitamins (specifically B₉ vitamin). They are essential in the metabolism when they act as cofactors in the transfer reactions of one carbon. However, only plants and microorganisms are able to synthesize them de novo, in such a way that both animals and human beings have to intake them through their diet. Folic acid is widely spread in nature, mainly in vegetables, liver ans cereals. However, nowadays, the lack of folates in the diet is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies in the world, and it has serious consequences on human health. There is evidence that even in developed countries folate intake is usually low; and even, is some cases, below optima levels. The authorities in several countries have adapted different norms related to folic acid, fortifying staple food such as dairy products or cereals, mandatory (USA, Canadá or Chile) or voluntary (most of the European countries).

Palabras clave : Folates; folic acid; mono and poliglutamate; conjugase; folates intake; folate bioavailability; food enrichment.