Abstract

ALEZONES, Jesús; AVILA, Manuel; CHASSAIGNE, Alberto  and  BARRIENTOS, Venancio. Fatty acids profile characterization of white maize hybrids grown in Venezuela. ALAN [online]. 2010, vol.60, n.4, pp.397-404. ISSN 2309-5806.

In Venezuela, white corn is the most important crop regarding production, harvest area and consumption. One of its main by-products is corn oil, whose positive effect on health caused by the high content of unsaturated fatty acids has been widely recognized. In order to characterize the fatty acids profile of twelve white grained maize hybrids extensively grown in Venezuela, and the effect that divergent localities has on this profile, three semi commercial scale trials where established in Portuguesa, Yaracuy and Guárico states. Proportions of the main fatty acids in the raw oil of the different grain samples were determined using gas chromatography. Significant differences (p<0,01) between hybrids were found for arachidic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, gadoleic and linoleic acids; non significant differences were found for linolenic acid. Significant differences between localities were found for all the fatty acids evaluated. High and significant correlations between fatty acids content were found; the most important relations were: linoleic-oleic (Rho= -0,98**), arachidic-palmitic (Rho= -0,61**), linoleic-stearic (Rho= -0,61**) and oleic-stearic (Rho= 0,58**). Corn produced in Venezuela presents lower levels of linoleic and higher levels of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids than the levels found in temperate corn. These differences involve significant changes in the nutritional properties of Venezuelan corn oil that should be considered in the development of new cultivars and industrial processes for oil production.

Keywords : Vegetable oil; saturated fats; unsaturated fats; tropic.