Resumen

MARTINEZ QUIJADA, Mariana  y  ALVAREZ GUTIERREZ, María Luisa. Factores dietéticos y su relación con el apetito en niños menores de dos años con desnutrición leve. ALAN [online]. 2012, vol.62, n.2, pp.137-144. ISSN 0004-0622.

Dietary factors and their relation to appetite in children under two years with mild malnutrition. Malnutrition is conditioned by a series of factors, among them the dietary factors, which include appetite, eating behaviors and habits. In order to assess these factors, the following objective was pursued: describe the dietary factors and their relation to appetite in children under two years of age with mild malnutrition. A correlational study was conducted. The sample consisted of all children under two years of age (n=168) diagnosed with primary (mild) malnutrition, who attended consultation at the Centro de Atención Nutricional Infantil Antímano, CANIA, during the period 2000 - 2008. The results showed: intake of energy and macronutrients was lower than the individual requirement; iron intake <85% of the requirement, in accordance with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in over 50% of the sample; weekly consumption of vegetables (57%) and miscellaneous (66%) was inadequate; inadequate intake of formula and whole milk in more than 60%; 9% were exclusively breastfed during the first six months; 64% lacked a regular eating place; in child-caregiver interaction during mealtimes, more than half of the children showed rebellious behavior and caregivers were permissive. Protein adequacy, vegetable and whole milk consumption frequency, preparation type, identification of refusals and preferences, place and duration of meals, and child-caregiver interaction at mealtimes were significantly associated with appetite; if we consider this last one as a guide and we try to modify inadequate eating behaviors and habits, we will generate an impact over the child appetite that could improve the food consumption and prevent malnutrition.

Palabras clave : Eating habits; eating behavior; appetite; malnutrition; child.

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