Abstract

DIAZ MORA, José Javier et al. Diarrea aguda: Epidemiología, concepto, clasificación, clínica, diagnóstico, vacuna contra rotavirus. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2014, vol.77, n.1, pp.29-40. ISSN 0004-0649.

Diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under five years of age. Since the introduction of Rotavirus vaccine, there has been a worldwide reduction of mortality by diarrhea. In Venezuela, it is the leading cause of consultation and hospitalization. Mortality caused by diarrhea declined in the past 20 years, more than 50%. WHO/PAHO define acute diarrhea as three or more liquid or semi-liquid evacuations within 24 hours or at least one with the presence of abnormal elements (mucus, blood, pus), for a maximum of two weeks duration. Diarrhea is classified according to duration in acute, persistent and chronic; according to etiology in infectious and non-infectious; clinical syndromes are classified in choleriform and disenteriform diarrhea; pathogenesis may be osmotic, secretory or by disruption of motility. Patient evaluation should include assessment of duration, presence of blood, presence of vomiting, number of bowel movements in the first 24 hours, ability to drink, presence and intensity of thirst, presence of urinary output in the last six hours, drugs that have been given during the current episode. Mild to moderate diarrhea with dehydration do not require laboratory studies, stool test, fecal leukocytes, coproantigens are diagnostic aids. Stool culture should not be of routine practice. There are two Rotavirus vaccines in the country. They are recommended after 2 months of age. The minimum age for the first dose is 6 weeks; and the maximum age for the first dose is 14 weeks and 6 days.

Keywords : Diarrhea; osmotic; secretory; stool; coproantigens.

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