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Archivos Venezolanos de Puericultura y Pediatría
versión impresa ISSN 0004-0649
Resumen
URBINA-MEDINA, Huníades et al. Parenteral hidratation in acute diarrhea. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2014, vol.77, n.2, pp.87-92. ISSN 0004-0649.
The terms of dehydration and volume depletion are often used interchangeably, but they relate to different physiological conditions resulting from various types of fluid loss. Oral rehydratation is the method of choice for the treatment of mild to moderate dehydration due to diarrhea. However, there are clinical situations in which intravenous hydration is formally recommended. Dehydration is the most common and serious complication of diarrhea in children. The following are the objectives that must be present: correction of volume deficit, osmolality disorders, acid-base imbalance, specific ions (K, Na, Ca) alterations, and provide calories. To establish a vascular access is vital to the administration of fluids to patients with circulatory compromise. The favorite place is the one that allows easy vascular access. In case of failure to achieve a fast peripheral venous access, the intraosseous route is the best alternative for vascular access, due to the ease, speed and safety of the technique. Ultrasound guidance should be used whenever possible to facilitate direct visualization by placing venous access.
Palabras clave : Dehydration; diarrhea; fluid and electrolyte imbalance; vascular access.