Resumen

MACIAS-TOMEI, Coromoto; HERRERA HERNANDEZ, Marianella; MARINO ELIZONDO, Mariana  y  USECHE, Daniela. Growth, early child nutrition and risk of obesity. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2014, vol.77, n.3, pp.144-153. ISSN 0004-0649.

Childhood obesity has increased in frequency during recent decades and is currently the most frequent chronic disease related with nutrition (CDRN) worldwide. Prevention strategies are vital to avoid the persistence of obesity during growth, maturation and adulthood, especially for the prevention of associated comorbidities in the medium and long term. Evidence shows the effects of prenatal programming on subsequent obesity and the occurrence of CDRN. Feeding with human milk has been associated with low risk of overweight and obesity as well as with low figures of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol in adulthood and a lower tendency to develop type 2 diabetes. Different patterns that pose risk of overweight, obesity and other CDRN may be adopted when complementary feeding is initiated. Influence of macronutrients, especially proteins, and some micronutrients are revised in children under 10 years of age, in relation to obesity during growth and later on. It is recommended that complementary feeding should start at 6 months of age. Adequate nutrition between conception and two years of age is a "crucial time window" as well as a “window of opportunity” in which obstetricians and pediatricians have a very important role in obtaining the full development of the human potential in every child.

Palabras clave : Nutrition; Obesity; Chronic Diseases Related to Nutrition; Human breastfeeding; Complementary feeding; Children.

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