Resumo

LOPEZ, Diana; SALAZAR, Marifrancy; DEL MORAL, Irismar  e  AURENTY, Lisbeth. Pneumonia complicated with pleural effusion: Clinical and microbiological features in pediatric patients. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2016, vol.79, n.3, pp.86-91. ISSN 0004-0649.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common childhood bacterial infections and the most frequent cause of children pleural effusion. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiological and microbiological features of complicated pneumonia with pleural effusion in patients admitted to Children's Hospital JM de los Rios (HNJMR). METHODS: Descriptive and transversal, retrospective study. The study population included patients aged 1 month to 18 years, who were admitted with the diagnosis of pneumonia complicated by pleural effusion during the period January 2013 - December 2015 in HNJMR, Caracas-Venezuela. Data was collected by medical records review. Statistical analysis was performed by central tendency measures, Chi square and Fisher test. RESULTS: 580 pneumonias were reported, 28 had pleural effusion (4,8%). Overall mortality from pneumonia was 4, 5% (26/580). 82,1% (23/28) were under 5 years. 53,6% (15/28) were male. 7,6% (22/28) were previously healthy. 89,3% (25/28) had received partial or complete doses against Haemophilus influenzae type B and 21,4% (6/28) against Streptococcus pneumoniae. It was possible to identify bacterial etiology in 60,7% (17/28): eight Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus 4 and 1 case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 3 gram positive diplococcic (likely Streptococcus pneumoniae); one was reported as visible but without characterization bacteria to gram. All Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. 14,3% (4/28) had torpid evolution. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural effusion remains an important complication of pneumonia in children. Streptococcus pneumoniae remains the most common agent. S. aureus was highly resistant to methicilyn.

Palavras-chave : pediatric pneumonia; pleural effusion; Streptococcus pneumoniae; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

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