Resumen

KASSISSE, Jorge et al. Outbreak of acute histoplasmosis in schoolchildren from El Mayar, Sucre State, Venezuela. Arch Venez Puer Ped [online]. 2016, vol.79, n.4, pp.132-138. ISSN 0004-0649.

Introduction: Histoplasmosis is a systemic infection caused by a dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum. It grows in soils with the consequent contamination of large amounts of birds and bats excreta, near barn soils and around trees that harbor birds and bats, and also inside or around caves. Aerosolization of microconidia residents in these soils is the cause of the transmision of the disease Objective: To report an outbreak of this disease related to an activity of soil removal in an open space. Methods: This is a descriptive observational study of a case series that began with the identification of the index case. Samples were obtained from school children and teachers, as well as from common sources of infection. Results: 7 children, predominantly females with an average age of 11 years, with no predisposing disease were included. Diagnosis was performed by special colorations of sputum, bone marrow and lung tissue. Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the soil where these children reside and where the activity of removal and rake was performed. An attack rate of 58% was estimated with a fatality rate of 14%. Conclusion: This was the first report in Venezuela of an outbreak of histoplasmosis in open space associated with soil removal and rake, recognizing an area of endemicity previously undetermined.

Palabras clave : Histoplasmosis outbreak; therapy; prevention and control.

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