Resumen

ROMERO S, Gisela; SERRANO, Ana; ANEZ, Marianela  y  LIZARZABAL, Maribel. Resangrado y mortalidad posterior a primer sangrado por varices esofagogastricas: Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo. Gen [online]. 2006, vol.60, n.2, pp.113-120. ISSN 0016-3503.

Bleeding due to the rupture of esophagogastric variceal veins occurs in 25 to 30% of patients with cirrhosis and is associated with a high morbimortality rate and high hospital costs. Seventy percent of the patients that survive have recurrences within a period of less than two years. The Child Pugh, the endoscopic red signs, the acute intake of alcohol, active bleeding during the endoscope and age, among others, are considered risk factors for rebleeding. Objective: Determine the frequency and characteristics of patients with rebleeding and mortality after the first varicose bleeding episode during the period from 1998 to 2002. Methodology: Three hundred and ten histories of patients with variceal bleeding were reviewed retrospectively and 71 patients were selected with a first episode of bleeding due to esophagogastric variceal bleeding. A data base was used with information related to background, clinical characteristics through the Child Pugh, bleeding characteristics, endoscopic findings, endotherapy, medication received, evolution during the first year. Results: The average age of the patients was 55 - 87 years. In 9 (12.7%), acute alcohol abuse was found, 80.3% (n = 57) presented hematemesis, 73.2% (n = 52) bled due to esophagogastric variceal veins, 57.4% (n = 41) of the patients presented active bleeding during the endoscope and 73% presented red-colored signs on the varicose veins. 97.71% (n = 69) were admitted with decompensated chronic hepatic disease. Ninety one point five four (91.54%) of the patients received schlerotherapy as an initial haemostatic measure and 35.61% received somatostatina/octreothide in addition to this. Eighteen point three zero (18.30%) were found with rebleeding and there was a mortality rate of 2.8% during the year after the initial bleeding. Conclusions: The Child Pugh B & C, acute alcohol abuse, active bleeding during the endoscope, presence of red signs on the varicose veins and the size are the risk factors for rebleeding after a first episode of variceal bleeding. The general early mortality was 2.8%.

Palabras clave : esophogogastric variceal veins; rebleeding; mortality.

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