Resumen

POLEO, José Ramón. La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: Su prevalencia en dos muestras de población Venezolana con referencia a la presencia de alteraciones endoscópicas y al valor de la biopsia esofágica en el diagnóstico de esta condición. Gen [online]. 2010, vol.64, n.3, pp.190-199. ISSN 0016-3503.

The primary objective of this paper was to contribute to determine the prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) in our country, and its secondary goals were the determination of the value of conventional endoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus in the diagnosis of this condition. Two strategies were implemented: the distribution of a validated questionnaire with clinical elements used for the diagnosis of GERD b)etween 337 persons, (20-69 years old, mean age 50,9, 62,84% women (Group A) and a prospective analysis of 335 subjects (15-92 years old, mean age 50.6, 55.49% women, studied with a careful clinical record, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and biopsy of the esophagus (Group B). It was found that a considerable proportion of the subjects evaluated had symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), (65.01% in Group A, 62.08% in Group B), and that of 335 persons in Group A, 39.62% had symptoms at least one a month, 19.81% al least one a week and 8.57% every day. There was not a significant statistical difference between different groups of age. GERD seems to affect equally all the stratus of the subjects object of this study. Similar to what has been found in other series, the proportion of patients with non erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease was superior to the ones with erosive disease (82.70% vs 17.30%). 10% of subjects with endoscopic findings of erosive esophagitis were asymptomatic for GER. In Group A, only 39.52% of individuals with symptoms of GER visited a physician for this reason, and 55.23% took medications (mainly antacids) without a medical prescription. Only 39.90% from Group B consulted for this reason. It means that approximately 60% of subjects with symptoms of GER do not seek medical attention, although when the symptoms were more frequent and became present daily, 2/3 of the patients sought medical help. As it has been reported elsewhere, it was found that the endoscopic findings of erosive esophagitis are good indicators for a diagnosis of GERD, but the biopsy results even when they were quite sensitive (87,50%) , lacked of enough specificity (13,38%) , been present in a high proportion of individuals without symptoms of GERD.