Resumen

LUZARDO-ZSCHAECK, Lesbia I. The Brain-Gut Axis, Stress, and Microbiota: Their Impact on Digestive and Systemic Health. Gen [online]. 2025, vol.79, n.2, pp.95-102.  Epub 12-Mayo-2025. ISSN 0016-3503.  https://doi.org/10.61155/gen.v79i2.740.

Chronic stress profoundly affects the body, particularly the immune system. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates stress by releasing cortisol and adrenaline, which, when elevated long-term, contribute to disease. Dr. Candice Pert discovered that neuropeptides, which link the brain and body, mediate how emotions influence health. Repressed emotions-such as sadness, anger, and fear-disrupt this network, weakening immunity and promoting chronic inflammation, a key factor in cancer. Similarly, Dr. Herbert Benson's research highlights how emotional losses heighten stress and increase disease risk. Therapies like psychotherapy, music therapy, and hydrotherapy support both emotional and physical healing. Gut health is fundamental to overall well being, as Hippocrates noted. The microbiota-comprising bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites-acts as a vital organ influencing immunity, hormone production, neurotransmitters, and metabolism. A balanced microbiome is essential for preventing chronic diseases, while dysbiosis can lead to inflammation, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A fiber-rich, plant-based diet is key to microbiota health. Soluble fiber (prebiotics) nourishes beneficial bacteria (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and others), producing postbiotics like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which support colon and brain health, strengthen the gut barrier, prevent memory loss, and regulate body weight. Fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, and kimchi provide probiotics that enhance microbial diversity. Dr. Will Bulsiewicz emphasizes that fiber is the "heart" of gut health, balancing gut bacteria and preventing inflammation-related diseases. The gut-brain connection further underscores the importance of nutrition in improving mood, reducing anxiety, and maintaining overall health.

Palabras clave : Microbiota; Dysbiosis; Neuropeptides; Stress.

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