Resumen

SALAZAR DE DUGARTE, Guillermina; GONZALEZ DE CHIRIVELLA, Xiomara  y  FANEITE ANTIQUE, Pedro. Incidencia y factores de riesgo de macrosomía fetal. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez [online]. 2004, vol.64, n.1, pp.15-21. ISSN 0048-7732.

Objective: To determine the fetal macrosomic incidence, risk factor, maternal complications, and perinatal morbimortality at the "Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara" Hospital , Puerto Cabello. Method: Retrospective study, of cases and controls, 166 macrosomic newborn, and a control group of 166 weight adequate for gestational age with gestation ¡Ý 37 weeks. Setting: Servicio de Perinatologia, Hospital Dr Adolfo Prince Lara, Puerto Cabello, Carabobo. Results: The incidence of fetal macrosomia was 3.76 % of 4 408 assisted deliveries of patients from January 1 to December 31 1993. The maternal antecedents found were; previous macrosomic newborn 65 (37.79 %) maternal diabetes 44 (25.58 %). More frequent associate pathology: diabetes 34 (30.90 %), gain of maternal weight more than 15 kg: 27 (24.54 %). More frequent maternal complication of the pregnancy hypertensive disease: 26 (68.42 %), premature rupture of membranes: 7 (18.42 %). During delivery: tear of soft parts: 13 (41.93 %) partum distocias: 9 (29.03 %), shoulder retention: 7 (22.58 %). In puerperium: endometritis; 3 (42.85 %). The perinatal morbimortality was 28.31 % represented by: acute fetal suffering: 25 (53.19 %), perinatal hypoxia 15 (31.91 %). The rate of fetal mortality: 0.66 by 1 000 newborn. Conclusion: In the fetal macrosomia there are risk factors that should be take in account, to prevent, complications during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium and due to it we recommend their detection.

Palabras clave : Fetal macrosomia; Risk factors; Maternal complications; Perinatal morbimortality.