Resumen

FUNG, Liliana; PIZZI, Rita; CENTENO, Indira  y  HERNANDEZ, Evelyn. Resistencia a la insulina en la mujer: ¿cómo y cuándo evaluarla?. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez [online]. 2015, vol.75, n.3, pp.200-211. ISSN 0048-7732.

Obesity results from an imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure, which leads to an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The increase mainly visceral adipose tissue, has been associated with impaired pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, together with the free fatty acid product of lipolysis, appear to be responsible for the development of insulin resistance. The insulin resistance is very common in patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Although the exact cause of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is still unknown, one of the most commonly accepted hypotheses for underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms is hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. It is suggested that obesity, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are closely related and each of these diseases affect the other. The insulin resistance contributes to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is a marker of obesity, metabolic syndrome and many cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, quantification of insulin resistance is very important. Some methods rely on steady state analysis of glucose and insulin, whereas others rely on dynamic testing. Each of these methods has distinct advantages and limitations. Thus, optimal choice and employment of a specific method depend on the nature of the studies being performed. Established direct methods for measuring insulin sensitivity in vivo are relatively complex. There is a need for elaboration of a universal marker in the diagnosis of insulin resistance that could be applied in both clinical and ambulatory settings. Currently, measurements of serum insulin and estimates of insulin resistance are not required for routine clinical management.

Palabras clave : Insulin resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Metabolic syndrome; Polycystic ovarian syndrome.

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