Abstract

MEJIA-MONTILLA, Jorly et al. Leptin, menstrual cycle regulation and endometrial pathologies. Rev Obstet Ginecol Venez [online]. 2025, vol.85, n.1, pp.59-69.  Epub Aug 29, 2025. ISSN 0048-7732.  https://doi.org/10.51288/00850110.

Leptin is a polypeptide hormone that plays an essential role in regulating energy balance, controlling appetite, and aid cellular metabolism. Its receptor is present in multiple tissues, which shows its importance in the reproductive physiology of women. In women of reproductive age, their concentrations vary throughout the menstrual cycle and are modulated by the action of estrogens and androgens. In addition to participating in the release of gonadotropins, leptin affects endometrial function. Leptin may influence endometrial health by regulating natural uterine killer cells and playing a role in angiogenesis and decidualization. However, elevated leptin levels are often associated with inflammatory disorders, including endometriosis. The aim of this review is to analyze the role of leptin in the regulation of the menstrual cycle and its relationship with various endometrial pathologies.

Keywords : Leptin; Menstrual cycle; Endometrial function; Endometrial pathology; Hormonal regulation.

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