Objective:

To determine fetal and neonatal obstetric complications in pregnant women with and without a history of Diabetes Mellitus who attended the Central Hospital of Maracay during the period from January 2020 to December 2023.

Methods:

A retrospective, clinical-epidemiological study through a documentary review of medical records, case-control study, including 570 patients with and without diabetes, who attended the obstetrics service. EPI Info software was used for descriptive analysis and 2 x 2 tables were organized for each complication evaluated for Odds Ratio calculations through PAST 2.0 Software.

Results:

The most prevalent complications were vaginal infection OR: 1.39 (95% CI: 0.98-1.95), urinary tract infection OR: 1.31 (95% CI: 0.94-1.84), cesarean section OR: 3.75 (95% CI: 2.62-5.37) and preeclampsia OR: 230.36 (95% CI: 14.18-3740.78). Also, oligohydramnios OR: 125.65 (95% CI: 7.69-2051.53), fetal growth restriction OR: 102.6 (95% CI: 6.26-1679.82), and premature abruption of normally inserted placenta OR: 43.98 (95% CI: 2.63-735.05). Finally, macrosomia had an OR of 118.92 (95% CI: 7.27-1742.91) and neonatal depression had an OR of 109.04 (95% CI: 6.66-1743.64).

Conclusion:

Adequate prenatal care, diagnosis, and management are essential to reduce these complications.