Abstract

MEDINA, Ernesto; FRANCISCO, Ana Marta; WINGFIELD, Robert  and  CASANAS, Olga Lucía. Halophytism in plants of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela: halophytes and halotolerants. Acta Bot. Venez. [online]. 2008, vol.31, n.1, pp.49-80. ISSN 0084-5906.

To determine their degree of halophytism it was analyzed the mineral composition and stable isotopes (13C, and 15N) of leaf material and associated soils of 18 species of coastal plant species in three locations in Falcon State,Venezuela (Coro-La Vela road, COVE; east coast of Paraguaná, COP, and Tacuato bay in Paraguaná, TAC). COP soils were sandy and had the lowest concentrations of N, P, K and Na. TAC soils showed higher salinity (Na, Mg and Ca), whereas those of COVE had higher N and P concentrations and clay texture. COP species had the highest Na concentrations and were more succulent (Sesuvium portulacastrum, S. edmondstonii, Batis maritima, Sarcocornia perennis and Heterostachys ritteriana). Chamaesyce mesembrianthemifolia and Croton punctatus had leaf K/Na ratios > 1 (non halophytes). Chamaesyce mesembrianthemifolia, Scaevola plumieri, Argusia gnaphalodes, Egletes prostrata, Suriana maritima, and Gomphrena albiflora were relative K accumulators. Calciophobes accumulated most Ca in form of water insoluble oxalate (Atriplex oestophora, G. albiflora and Alternanthera halimifolia), or sequestered in form of phosphates and pectates (Croton punctatus, S. portulacastrum and S. edmondstonii, H. ritteriana, E. prostrata, and Melochia crenata). Calciophile species had a water soluble Ca fraction ≥ 50% (S. maritima, C. mesembrianthemifolia, S. plumieri, H. curassavicum, Sporobolus virginicusand B. maritima). The ä13C values revealed five species with C4-photosynthesis (A. halimifolia, G. albiflora, S. virginicus, C. mesembrianthemifolia and A. oestophora). The positive values of ä15N suggest soil NO3 as the main N source. This paper includes a compilation of higher plant species of the Caribbean coast of Venezuela with indications of their halophytic character.

Keywords : Caribbean coast; halophytes; K/Na ratios; psammophytes; stable isotopes.