Resumen

SALGADO-GARCIA, Sergio et al. Bases para generar un programa sustentable de fertilización en un ingenio de tabasco, México . INCI [online]. 2005, vol.30, n.7, pp.395-403. ISSN 0378-1844.

This work was carried out to generate fertilization rates for the different types of soil in which sugarcane is cultivated at a sugar mill in Tabasco, México. To identify cartographic soil subunits aerial photographs interpretations, field observations and soil drillings to a depth of 1.2m were used. For each subunit, the agrologic profiles were described and physical and chemical analyses were performed to classify the soil. Fertilization rates (DF) of N, P and K were estimated for each soil subunit with a model based on i) balance of nutrient demand (DEM) of the crop, estimated by determination of dry matter production and N, P, and K accumulation in the sugarcane aerial biomass; ii) nutrients supplied by the soil (SUM), calculated from soil chemical analysis for P and K, and by the N contributions from crop residues and their management; and iii) fertilizer efficiency (EF). Three major soil groups were found and classified in subunits. Ffertilization rates adjusted to generate a recommendation for each soil subunit were (kg/ha of N, P₂O₅, K₂O) 130-80-60, 150-60-60 and 160-80-60 for the Fluvisol eutric soils, and 130-60-80, 140-80-80 and 160-80-80 for the Fluvisol gley-eutric soils according to their acid, neutral or basic pH; 120-60-60 for the Gleysol eutric soils with acid and neutral pH; 140-60-80 for the Gleysol molic soil; 160-60-60 and 160-80-80 for Vertisol eutric soils with acid and neutral pH; and 160-60-60 for the Vertisol pelic soil with acid or neutral pH. For the adjustment, the demand for expected yields in each soil type and the maintenance of soil fertility were considered.