Resumo

AVILAN, L.; MARIN R., C.; RODRIGUEZ, M.  e  RUIZ, J.. Producción forzada del mango (Mangifera indica. L) en alta densidad (278 pl ha^-1)durante el periodo de crecimiento . Rev. Fac. Agron. [online]. 2005, vol.22, n.2, pp.99-111. ISSN 0378-7818.

Abstract A mango trial was established in 1996 using five-year-old trees. Cultivars Haden, Tommy Atkins, Springfels and Edward grafted on «Criollo» were planted at 6x6 m (278 trees ha^-1) to evaluate the pruning effect at 2m height, the Paclobutrazol (PBZ) effect when applied to the soil (2.5 g ai per tree) and flowering promoter potassium nitrate (KNO₃), at 6% on the vegetative growth and yield of the mango cultivars. The treatments were: Checker (T), T + PBZ, Pruning (P) and P + PBZ. P + lateral branches of a radius of 2 m (P+L) and P + pruning of internal primary branches (P+E). The studied variables were increase of canopy volume (ICV), yield (kg tree^-1) and productive efficiency (kg tree m^-3). It was found that the largest pruning increases the canopy volume, with a concomitant reduction of fruit yield, due to the moderate pruning increase significantly the productive efficiency. Yields (t ha^-1) for the four cycles 1996-2000, for the different treatments were: 19.29 T; 24.6 T+PBZ; 19.7 P; 19.6 P+PBZ; 18.1 P+E and 13.2 P+L. These yields were higher (>200%) than the one reached by low tree density system (69 tree ha^-1) in the same time. In general, the results showed that in the «Growth Period» of fruit trees, characterized by a large volume growth in the productive life cycle of the tree is the most critical to be controlled to reduce the free height. If we consider that 90% of the country fruit production came from small and medium size growers, the use of a high tree density system should provides an improvement of the income of these peoples.

Palavras-chave : Mangifera indica; regulator; pruning; yield.