Resumen

MUJICA, H; SANABRIA, M.E; MOGOLLON, N  y  PEROZO, Y. In vitro formation of purple garlic (Allium sativum L.) bulb. Rev. Fac. Agron. [online]. 2008, vol.25, n.2, pp.197-210. ISSN 0378-7818.

With the purpose of studying the in vitro bulb formation of the purple garlic (Allium sativum L.) shoot tips of the "teeth" of the bulbs were extracted, sprouted, and disinfected. These shoot tips were cultivated in Murashige and Skoog medium with 2.0 mg.L^-1 of isopenteniadenine (2ip); 0.1 mg.L-1 of naphthalene acetic acid (ANA) and 30 g.L-1 of sucrose. The cultures grew up at 41.54 mmol.m^-2.s^-1 luminosity, 16 hours of light, and 23 + 2ºC. The in vitro regenerated plants were cut off at 2 cm of length from the plant neck; their roots were cut off and cultivated in a bulb-formation medium, made up from similar components, but excluding the ANA and incrementing the sucrose to 90 g.L^-1. For histological studies, five samplings of three in vitro plants each were conducted between the 0 to the 28 day of culture. In the in vitro bulb formation, two stages of development were observed. The first one corresponding to the morphological stage initiated from the 0 to the 20 day of culture, and the second one, to the filled and maturity begun on the 7 day of the bulb-formation induction. The bulb developed by direct organogenesis, presenting an onion-like structure until the 21 day, differentiating later on by its "teeth" formation. The adventitious roots originated from the meristems in a region near the apex of the stem.

Palabras clave : in vitro culture; purple garlic; histology; bulb formation.