Resumo

PUJOL, Flor Helene  e  ESPARZA, José. The ongoing panzootic of avian Influenza A (H5N1) and its potential pandemic threat. Invest. clín [online]. 2025, vol.66, n.4, pp.467-478.  Epub 16-Dez-2025. ISSN 0535-5133.  https://doi.org/10.54817/ic.v66n4a09.

The influenza virus is one of the most significant pathogens responsible for respiratory infections and is the human pathogen most frequently associated with epidemics and pandemics. The epidemiological record of influenza suggests that future pandemics caused by this virus are inevitable, even though their timing, origin, and severity remain uncertain. This review focuses on the ongoing panzootic of avian influenza A (H5N1), which is currently spreading across much of the globe. The ongoing panzootic of Influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has spread rapidly worldwide and is causing concern. The virus has already crossed species barriers, infecting multiple mammalian hosts and causing human cases with varying degrees of severity. While sustained human-to-human transmission has not yet occurred, an increasing frequency of spillover events and the emergence of genotypes with mutations associated with mammalian adaptation are of concern. We assess the potential for this panzootic to evolve into a pandemic and examine the critical measures needed for preparedness and prevention, following a One Health approach.

Palavras-chave : Avian Influenza; Pandemics; Panzootic; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype.

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