Resumen

MARTIN, G; CARMONA, O  y  GUZMAN, M. Una década en la Evolución de la resistencia a b-Lactámicos de Bacilos Gramnegativos en Hospitales de Venezuela . AVFT [online]. 2000, vol.19, n.2, pp.137-147. ISSN 0798-0264.

Resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to production of ß-lactamases by gramnegative bacilli. Over 200 ß-lactamases have been identified to date, therefore we have had increased resistance to ß-lactams effective against gramnegative bacilli, which have been in use since 1963. Combating the surge in antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria requires tracking of local resistance. The information must come from ongoing detailed analysis of the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests that are done routinely to guide the treatment of infections in individual patients. This is the importance of AR surveillance. Materials and Methods: Since 1988 Venezuelan group of Bacterial Resistance (GVRB), in 25-health institutions from seven states are in charge of analysing and publishing AR data of bacterial isolates, proceeding from patients with infection acquired in the community and hospitals. Methods of disc diffusion according to NCCI; WHONET software program (Word Health Organisation NET); statistical analysis by c². Results and Conclusions: A.-The increase of resistance during the decade to: 1) cefotaxime is: E.coli 34%, E.aerogenes 13%, E.cloacae 10%, K.pneumoniae 57%, 2) ceftazidime: E.coli 16%, K.pneumoniae 30%, P.aeruginosa 20%; 3) ceftriaxona: E.coli 17%, E.aerógenes 5%, K.pneumoniae 43%. 4) cefoperazone-sulbactam: no significance in the increase. B.-Resistance to: 5) cefepime:P. aeruginosa 10-14%, Acinetobacter sp.35 %, others around 5 %. 6) piperaciline-tazobactam: resistance is 5 to10 %, except Acinetobacter sp. (40 %); 7) the results of GVRB to imipenem and meropenem is low except P.aeruginosa (10-15 %) and Acinetobacter sp. (25-35%). During the decade there was an increase in GVRB to most ß-lactams. The second half of the 20^th century has been a golden age of antibiotics but the outlook is uncertain.

Palabras clave : Bacterial Resistance; Survelliance program; Gram-bacilli; Betalactamics; Betalactamases.