Resumen

REYES R, H; NAVARRO R, P; JIMENEZ L, E  y  REYES B, H. Osteomielitis: Revisión y Actualización. RFM [online]. 2001, vol.24, n.1, pp.47-54. ISSN 0798-0469.

A revision and up-to-date in bone infection is made. We point out the relevance of Staphylococcus aureus in these infections affecting children and adults. We wish to highlight the participation of Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycobacterium and anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of the disease. We noted the relevance of Streptococcus agalactiae in infections of the newborn. We describe the pathogenesis and forms of the infection (blood-borne, contiguity and straight forward inoculation) and the host’s cellular and humoral responses. As regards to the clinical presentation we classify these infections as regards to evolution in: acute, subacute and chronic. We describe the blood-borne infections and those originated by trauma to the new born. In the diagnosis we emphasize the importance by images and the use of new technologies. We point out the importance of bacteriology in making the definitive diagnosis. Differential diagnosis, complications and prognosis are evaluated. Related to the treatment, antimicrobial therapy is geared towards the etiology and age group involved. Analysis is made related to sequential treatmen, the use of bacteriophages in infections by multiresistent bacterial and the use of the hyperbaric chamber in the cases with chronic osteomyelitis. We conclude with recommendations related to the prevention.

Palabras clave : Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcus aureus.