Resumo

SOLANO, Liseti; BARON, María Adela; SANCHEZ JAEGER, Armando  e  PAEZ, María. Anaemia and iron deficiency in children under four years of age from a location in Valencia. An Venez Nutr [online]. 2008, vol.21, n.2, pp.63-69. ISSN 0798-0752.

Iron deficiency with or without anaemia is one of the most frequent nutritional deficiencies in Venezuela, especially in socioeconomic deprived population. Due to the higher risk for children below four years of age for this deficiency, assessment of prevalences was determined by a descriptive and cross sectional study on 543 children from 6 to 48 months of age, living in “Miguel Peña”, a low income area of Valencia, Carabobo. Assessment included hemoglobin (automated method), serum ferritin (IRMA) and C reactive protein (nephelometry). Statistical analysis included descriptive values, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05). Most of the families (96.4%) were living in poverty. Anaemia and iron deficiency were found in 26.9% and 77.7% of children and 23.6% had ferropenic anaemia. 63.7% of anaemia was of low intensity and 36.3% was moderate. Children aged 6 to 24 months had the higher prevalence for anaemia and iron deficiency but boys had higher anaemia prevalence. It is to be concluded that anaemia as a Public Health problem is moderate. Coincidence of anaemia and ferropenic anaemia shows that anaemia is mostly due to iron deficiency. These results, even though they come from a local source, they reflect the high nutritional risk of the population aged 6 to 24 months, in whom early weaning, inadequate food introduction and insufficient iron supplementation, common practices in our area and country, makes them a disadvantaged group as its physiology, immune response, learning abilities and growth and development will be damaged.

Palavras-chave : Anaemia; iron-deficiency; infants; children.