Resumen

LOPEZ DE BLANCO, Mercedes; LANDAETA- JIMENEZ, Maritza  y  MACIAS DE TOMEI, Coromoto. Contribution of prenatal and early postnatal growth in nutrition related chronic diseases. An Venez Nutr [online]. 2013, vol.26, n.1, pp.26-39. ISSN 0798-0752.

Food and nutrition transition in Latin America and demographic-epidemiological shifts constitute a rapid process, typical of countries where under and over nutrition coexist: the dual burden of nutrition related diseases. Nutrition related chronic diseases are the main causes of death followed by violence induced deaths and Diabetes. The genetic component of obesity has been overestimated and life styles are less related to mortality rates than the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). The epidemiological and epigenetic analysis of trans generational- intergenerational transmission: obesogenic environments and Metabolic Intrauterine Programming (MIP): metabolic-physiologic adaptations during fetal life to exposure to restrictions or excesses that relate to Barker´s hypothesis whose outcome includes hyperlipidemia, hypertension, central obesity and insuline resistance due to maternal inadequate pre pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition, plus the hypothesis of acccelerated growth, independent of size at birth. Breastfed infants gain less weight and fat; proteins accelerate adiposity rebound and infant formulas contain 60-70% more and are also richer in calories than human milk. Control of lifestyle’s in adults will not eliminate cardiometabolic risks; it is necessary to intervene at early stages as atherosclerosis is a pediatric problem. The window of opportunity, from preconception to 36 months of age, includes promotion of exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months, the need to defineoptimal nutrition to prevent under and over nutrition and the awareness of physicians in monitoring weight gain during pregnancy and identifying cardio metabolic risks in children and adolescents.

Palabras clave : Food and nutritional transition; obesity; nutrition related chronic diseases; developmental origins of health and disease; children.

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