Resumo

ULACIO, Dilcia; JIMENEZ, María Auxiliadora  e  PERDOMO, Wilfredo. Integrated management of Sclerotium cepivorum BERK., and garlic white rot in Carache, Trujillo State, Venezuela. Bioagro [online]. 2011, vol.23, n.2, pp.105-114. ISSN 1316-3361.

Sclerotium cepivorum, a fungus that affects only Allium species, is found in virtually all regions where these species are grown and can cause losses of up to 100 % of the crop. The effect of Trichoderma harzianum (Tri), a compound of aqueous vegetables extracts (Ex), calcium nitrate (Ca), solarization (Sol) and Tebuconazole (Teb) applied individually or combined in two periods of growth of garlic were evaluated on the behavior of S. cepivorum initial and final density and viability (ID, FD, IV, and FV), incidence of the white rot, and garlic yield. The assay was conducted in Carache, Trujillo State, Venezuela. Each treatment (twelve in each period) had five repetitions in the first period, and four in the second, in a randomized block design. A cluster analysis was performed considering the variables above mentioned for each treatment. In the first period, the analysis showed two contrasting groups, divided among the plots treated or not with the fungicide. The treatments with Teb were the most effective strategies to reduce the pathogen sclerotia viability with zero disease incidences, and the best yield with respect to rest of the treatments, including the control. In the second period, two groups were also formed, with the association of TebExSol, ExTri, Ca, TebExCa y ExTriCa with  the least amount of viable sclerotia (<100 kg^-1 of soil), least disease incidence (7.5 % or less) and higher yield (up to 18,699 kg·ha^-1) with respect to the rest of treatments. In this last period, the production in ExTriCa was the best; in contrast, the control reached only 3926 kg·ha^-1. It is concluded that it is likely to control the white rot disease by means of integrated management, being possible to recover the soils for garlic production.

Palavras-chave : Sustainable agriculture; Allium sativum; soilborne fungi; Integrated management.