Resumen

AULAR, Yalitza; VILLAMIZAR, Merlin; PEREZ, Yesenia  y  PEREZ, Víctor. Chemical composition and oral acute toxicity of Lippia alba essential oil in mice. Salus [online]. 2016, vol.20, n.1, pp.43-51. ISSN 1316-7138.

The Lippia alba (alba L.) of the Verbenaceae family, popularly known as “Cidrón” or “pennyroyal”; depending on your geographic location, soil which develops and tissue or organ, presents essential oils in its composition, which are used in natural and traditional medicine for the treatment of digestive, respiratory, skin diseases and sedative disorders through infusion or decoction of leaves, aerial parts or flowers. So it has a high therapeutic potential, being important to detect possible toxic effects post administration. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and oral acute toxicity of essential oil of L. alba single dose and repeat dose. the essential oil of the leaves and aerial parts extracted by steam stripping using a Clevenger trap and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass detector. Toxicity was evaluated using NRMI mice of both sexes and OECD Guidelines 423 and 407. 34 constituents of the essential oil, the majority were were obtained: geranialdehyde (45.30%), neral (30.23%), beta-farnesol (7.78%), caryophyllene (2.85%), azulene (2.52%) and myrcene beta (2.38%). (OECD Guidelines 423) were evident signs and symptoms of neurological damage and moderate engine (900 mg / kg of essential oil) with 100% survival and severe (1500 mg / kg) lethal for males and with 2000 mg / kg all the animals died. It is concluded that in the essential oil predominated geranialdehyde and neral constituents; classified as “citral” chemotypes and according to the Classification of toxicity Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS, 2011), corresponds to category 4 (LD50 is between 300-2000 mg / kg).

Palabras clave : Lippia alba; chemical composition; oral acute toxicity; essential oil.

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