Resumen

ROA, Marlene et al. Diabetes Mellitus Neonatal: Caso clínico. Rev. Venez. Endocrinol. Metab. [online]. 2008, vol.6, n.1, pp.13-16. ISSN 1690-3110.

Objectives: Increasing knowledge of the Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM), as well as conducting its early diagnosis and treatment, through the presentation of a clinical case. Methods: The clinical history is summarized, and the results of laboratory, ultrasound and computed tomography (CT), as well as management realized are presented. A review of the literature is done. Case report: A newly born female was admitted to the neonatal intermediate care unit for risk of sepsis due to maternal urinary tract infection. Weight of 2600 g and size of 47.5 cm, appropriate for gestational age, and normal physical examination. Family history of maternal and paternal uncles with type 2 diabetes mellitus. At 9 days old had a loss of weight and polyuria, accompanied by hyperglycemia (> 400 mg/ dL). Aterial gases and electrolytes: pH: 7.23, HCO3-: 13.9 mEq/L, pCO2: 30 mmHg, former base: -10, pO2: 140 mmHg, Na+: 140 mEq/L, K+: 3.6 mEq/L, Cl-: 108 mEq/L. In abdominal ultrasound and CT scan were ruled out the presence of pancreatic anatomical defects predisposing of the disease. The thyroid and adrenal function were normal, and amonios were negative. NDM was diagnosed, and for persistence of hyperglycemia, crystalline insulin, diluted in distilled water at a dose of 0.3 u/kg/day (0,5-1 u/day) was indicated, getting proper control; subsequently she received NPH insulin for 2 weeks at the same dose. She was released with glycemia <200 mg/dL and was indicated to administer insulin NPH if capillary glycemia reached a value >250 mg/dL. Currently, she has 2 years and 9 months of age, showing values of glycemia between 70 and 160 mg/dL; she has not required insulin, thus the diagnosis of transient NDM is confirmed. Conclusions: NMD is a clinical and pathological uncommon entity, which responds to insulin and may evolve in transient or permanent form. We must rule out the presence of predisposing congenital abnormalities in all cases, as well as hormonal dysfunction.