Resumen

AGUIRRE, Miguel  y  GRUPO DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA MERIDA et al. Manejo de cetoacidosis diabética en niños y adolescentes: Protocolo del Servicio de Endocrinología del Instituto Autónomo Hospital Universitario de Los Andes. Rev. Venez. Endocrinol. Metab. [online]. 2012, vol.10, n.1, pp.38-45. ISSN 1690-3110.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the acute complications of diabetes mellitus with increased mortality, and results from an absolute insulin deficiency associated with an increase in counterregulatory hormones. The pediatric population has clinical features that distinguish it from the adult population, for which, management is something different. In this paper, based on levels of scientific evidence and clinical practice in the Unit of Endocrinology, IAHULA, we present the protocol for the management of DKA in children and adolescents, which includes: diagnostic criteria, clinical management, treatment and complications of CAD. It also indicates: the current recommendations regarding hydration and careful to avoid overhydration to prevent potentially fatal consequences such as cerebral edema; the proper dosage of insulin to correct the basic defect, which should not be stopped until the ketogenesis has been controlled and an optimal acid-base equilibrium has been reached; the parallel correction of electrolytes to restore the balance of the internal medium; and the no less controversial use of bicarbonate, which demonstrated deleterious effects have restricted its administration to very specific situations.

Palabras clave : ketoacidosis; diabetes; insulin.

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